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1、【探究寻规】选词填空，并观察其规律。couldnt,neednt,should,might,must1.Come on!You _ have finished this task hours ago.2.She suddenly fell down on her way to school;she _ have been ill.3.She _ have seen me because I wasnt there at all yesterday.shouldmustcouldnt第1页/共36页4.I _ have lent him more money when he came to me
2、.5.There was plenty of time;she _ have hurried.以上结构皆为“情态动词+have done”结构。mightneednt第2页/共36页【语法精点】一、基础点拨 情态动词+have done的用法归纳:1.may/might+have done。表示对不太把握的过去情况的可能性推测，表示“可能/大概(已经)做了某事”的意思。Tom may have gone to Shanghai，but Im still not sure about it.汤姆可能已经去了上海，但是我还不能肯定。第3页/共36页2.can/could+have done。表示对
3、过去的推测，用于否定句、疑问句中，还可以表示“本来可以做；可能已经做”。She cant have been to your house.She doesnt know your address.她不可能去过你家，她不知道你的地址。You could have done better，but you were too careless.你本来能够做得更好，但你太粗心了。第4页/共36页3.must+have done。表示对过去发生的事情或行为的较有把握的推测，是一种“十有八九”的肯定的推断，常译为“想必一定；准是”等。这一结构一般不用作否定式。否定意义的表达可用cant/couldnt ha
4、ve done。The ground is rather wet,so it must have rained last night,didnt it?地面很湿，所以昨晚一定下雨了，对不对？第5页/共36页 4.should/ought to+have done。表示过去该做某事而没有做的情况，表示说话人后悔、遗憾或责备的语气。I really regret wasting the hours when I should have studied hard，but it is too late.我真的很后悔该努力学习的时候浪费了太多时间，但现在太晚了。【名师点津】shouldnt/oughtn
5、t to+have done表示过去不该做某事却已经做了，也表示说话人后悔或责备的语气。You shouldnt have watched TV last night.你们昨晚本不应该看电视的。第6页/共36页5.neednt+have done。表示过去做了其实不必去做的事，可译为“本可不必”等。You neednt have visited my uncle，as he has been all right for a long time.其实你不必去探望我叔叔的，因为他已经痊愈了好长一段时间了。第7页/共36页二、难点突破1.情态动词+have done有两个主要用法：一是表示对过去发生
6、的动作或存在的状态的推测。二是表示对过去发生的动作的遗憾或责备。要关注两种用法的差别。They left here early and should have arrived by now.(表示推测)他们一早就离开了这里，现在应该到了。You should have finished the work yesterday.(表示责备)你应该昨天就完成工作的。第8页/共36页2.注意neednt have done与didnt need结构的不同。She neednt have come to see me yesterday.昨天她本可不必来看我。(实际上来了)She didnt need
7、to come to see me yesterday.昨天她不需要来看我。(实际上没来)第9页/共36页 3.含有must have done结构句子的反意疑问句的构成。He must have studied English last night,didnt he?昨晚他一定学英语了，是吧？She must have heard of this,hasnt she?她肯定已经听说过这件事了，对吧？【名师点津】当含有must have done结构的句子中有表示过去的时间状语时，反意疑问句要用相应表示过去的助动词，反之就用have或has构成反意疑问句。第10页/共36页【高考体验】情态动词
8、解题技巧：1.充分利用句子语境，弄清各个被考查情态动词的意思。2.根据上下文信息确定时态，尤其要分清情态动词表推测时涉及的是现在情况还是过去情况。3.注意分清适用句型，是用于肯定句型，还是用于疑问句型或否定句型。第11页/共36页1.(2013大纲版全国卷)Since nobody gave him any help,he _ have done the research on his own.A.can B.must C.would D.need解题关键：弄清since从句的含义。思路分析：选B。考查情态动词表示推测。句意：因为没有人帮助他，他一定独自完成了这项研究。can表示推测时，常用于
9、否定句和疑问句，用于肯定句时，表示理论上对客观情况的推测；must表示有把握的推测时，只能用于肯定句，推测的可能性很大，译为“一定”；would常用于虚拟，不用于推测；need 表示推测时，常用于否定句。由此可知选B。第12页/共36页2.(2013陕西高考)The children _ lost in the woods;otherwise,they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.A.must have got B.must getC.should have got D.should get解题关键：理解第二分句的句意。思
10、路分析：选A。考查情态动词。句意：孩子们一定在森林里迷路了；否则他们会按照预定时间来到湖边营地的。根据后半句“would have been”可知是对过去事情的虚拟，must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测，根据句意，应选A。第13页/共36页3.(2013四川高考)Why are your eyes so red?You _ have slept well last night.Yeah,I stayed up late writing a report.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.wont 思路分析：选A。考查情态动词的用法。句意：你的眼为什么那
11、么红？昨晚你肯定没睡好。是的，我熬夜写一篇报道了。A项cant have done表示对过去的否定推测；B项表示“禁止，不允许”，不能用于对过去的推测；C项neednt have done表示过去不需要做某事(但却做了)；D项不能用于对过去的推测。第14页/共36页4.(2013浙江高考)I _ myself moreit was a perfect day.A.shouldnt have enjoyed B.neednt have enjoyedC.wouldnt have enjoyed D.couldnt have enjoyed 思路分析：选D。考查情态动词的用法。句意：我玩得再开心不
12、过了这是完美的一天。D项表示不可能做过，这里是用比较级的否定形式表示最高级的意思，故选D。A项表示本不该做却做了；B项表示本不必做却做了；C项将不会做，用于与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。第15页/共36页5.(2012江西高考)We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.Amay not BneedntCcant Dmustnt思路分析：选B。neednt have done表示过去本来没有必要做某事但已经做了，符合句意；may not have done 过去可能没做过某事；cant have d
13、one过去不可能做过某事；must表示推测，不用于否定句，因此选B。may not可能不，neednt 不需要，cant不可能。第16页/共36页6.(2012北京高考)We _ the difficulty together,but why didnt you tell me?A.should face B.might faceC.could have faced D.must have faced思路分析：选C。本句是表示埋怨、责备的虚拟语气。由but和didnt可知与过去事实相反，应该用情态动词+have done结构，C项与句意相符，A项和B项表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，D项表示肯定
14、推测，故可排除。第17页/共36页.用“情态动词+have done”结构完成句子1.他意识到一定有什么人进过他的房间。He was aware that someone _ his room.2.谁会想到你会做出这样的事情？Who _ you did such a thing?3.你这么晚的时候本不应该一个人来这里的。You _ here alone at such a late hour.must have enteredcould have supposedshouldnt/oughtnt to have come第18页/共36页4.她本不必亲自来写封信来就足够了。She _ in p
15、erson a letter would have been enough.5.我找不到我的钥匙了。我可能昨天把它们落在学校了。I cant find my keys.I _ them at school yesterday.neednt have comemay/might have left第19页/共36页.单项填空1.Did Mary come to the party？I dont know.She _ while I was out.A.may have come B.must have comeC.might come D.could come【解析】选A。句意：玛丽来参加聚会了
16、吗？我不知道。当我出去的时候她可能已经来过了。may have done猜测过去可能发生但不知是否真的发生的事情。符合题意，故选A。第20页/共36页2.You _ yesterday if you were really serious about the job.A.ought to come B.ought to be comingC.ought to have come D.ought have come【解析】选C。考查情态动词。句意：如果你真认真对待这项工作的话，你昨天就该来。“should/ought to+现在完成时”可表示本该做而没有做的事，有责备的含义。第21页/共36页3
17、.He _ have finished his work;otherwise,he wouldnt be enjoying music in his study.A.should B.must C.wouldnt D.cant【解析】选B。从题干的后半部分可知，“他正欣赏音乐”，所以一定是“做完了工作”才去欣赏音乐的。所以选must，表示肯定的推测。第22页/共36页4.What do you mean,there are only ten tickets?There _ be twelve.A.should B.would C.will D.shall【解析】选A。考查情态动词。句意：你什么
18、意思？只有10张票吗？应该是12张。should表示可能性推测，意为“应该”，符合题意。would表过去将来；will表意愿；shall表示说话人的允许，许诺，命令,威胁等语气，均不合题意。第23页/共36页5.One of the few things you _ say about British people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.A.need B.must C.should D.can【解析】选D。考查情态动词的用法。句意：你能够确定地说的关于英国人的为数不多的事情之一就是他们对天气讨论很多。c
19、an表示“可以”。第24页/共36页6.She _ have left school,for her bike is still here.A.cant B.wouldnt C.shouldnt D.neednt【解析】选A。考查“情态动词have done”结构。句意：她不可能离开了学校，因为她的自行车仍然在这儿。cant表示不可能；wouldnt have done表虚拟；shouldnt have done本不该做(却已做了)；neednt have done本没必要做(但已做了)。根据句意应选A。第25页/共36页7.He _ have completed his work;other
20、wise,he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.Ashould Bmust Cwouldnt Dcant【解析】选B。考查情态动词对过去有把握的推测。“must have动词-ed形式”表示对过去发生的事情的肯定判断，意思是“(过去)一定做过某事”。第26页/共36页8.Do you know where David is?I couldnt find him anywhere.Well.He _ have gone farhis coats still here.Ashouldnt BmustntCcant Dwouldnt【解析】选C。
21、考查情态动词对过去的推测用法。根据“他的衣服还在这里”推测，前面一句意思是“他肯定没有走远”。must也可以表示推测，但只能用于肯定句，否定推测用cant。第27页/共36页9.She is two hours late.What _ to her?Amay happen Bis happeningCcan have happened Dmust have happened【解析】选C。本题对时间的理解是关键。happen 一词的时间应理解为过去时，因为它指的是迟到的原因，而A、B两项是指现在，故排除。表示“可能”的疑问句不可用 must,所以D也是错误的，因此，只能选C。第28页/共36页1
22、0.Did you listen to the speech?No,we _ it.But we had a lot of traffic on our way.Acould have attended Bmust have attendedCcould attend Dshouldnt have attended【解析】选A。考查的是虚拟语气，表示“本来能做某事但实际上却没做”，即与过去事实相反，要用couldhave done形式。第29页/共36页11.(2013唐山高一检测)What do you think of the film Avatar?It _ be better.I ev
23、en want to see it twice.Awont BcouldntCshouldnt Dmightnt【解析】选B。考查情态动词。句意：你觉得电影阿凡达怎么样？再好不过了，我甚至想看第二次。cant/couldnt 与比较级连用，表示“再也没有更的了”。类似的用法还有“I couldnt agree more.(我完全同意。)”。第30页/共36页12.Mum，would you please buy me an MP5 player?If you can help do the dishes the whole vacation,you _ have one as a reward
24、.Amust Bneed Cwould Dshall【解析】选D。考查情态动词。答句句意：如果你整个假期能够帮忙洗盘子的话，就会得到一个MP5作为回报。shall用于第一、三人称问句中表示征询对方意见；shall用于第二、三人称的肯定句中，表示“警告、许诺、命令、威胁”等语气。本题中shall表示允诺。第31页/共36页13(2013南昌高一检测)The weather turned out to be fine yesterday.You _ the trouble to carry your raincoat with you.Ashould have taken Bcould have
25、takenCneednt have taken Dmustnt have taken【解析】选C。句意：昨天天气很好，你本来不必费力带着雨衣的。should have done本应做某事，但却没做；could have done可能做了某事；neednt have done没有必要做某事，但却做了。根据句意C项最佳。must表推测时不能用在否定句中。第32页/共36页14(2013石家庄高一检测)John looks a bit upset.Did you tell him the bad news?Yes,but I _ him after his birthday party.Ashoul
26、d have told Bmust have toldCshouldnt have told Dneednt have told【解析】选A。“约翰看起来有点难过”，因此“我本应该在他生日聚会之后再告诉他这个坏消息的”。should have done本该做某事(但是没有做)；shouldnt have done本不该做但却做了。第33页/共36页15(2013北京高一检测)The traffic is heavy now,so Mike _ come late.Lets wait ten more minutes.Awill Bneed Cmay Dshall【解析】选C。考查情态动词的用法。句意：现在交通繁忙，所以Mike可能会迟到。那让我们再等10分钟吧。此处may表示“(有可能但不肯定)也许，可能”；will表示意愿；need 需要；shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示“警告、命令、威胁”等语气。第34页/共36页第35页/共36页感谢您的观看！第36页/共36页