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1、什么是主谓一致？主谓一致：英语句子中，主语的“人称”和“数”要限制、决定谓语动词的形式变化，这就叫“主谓一致”关系。它通常依据三项原则：1）语法一致(必考)2）意义一致；3）就近一致。（必考）第1页/共72页语法一致原则的重点：不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句等作主语，用单数谓语形式。To serve the country is our duty.How and why he left was a sad story.第2页/共72页47.Getting to other planets or to the moon _ many problems.a.involve b.involve
2、s c.involving d.to involve第3页/共72页以“and”或“both and”连接的并列主语1.通常作复数用。Plastics and rubber never rot.塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。Both Tom and I are fond of medicine.我和汤姆都喜欢医学。第4页/共72页2.如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人（事、物、抽象概念），作单数用。The worker and writer has come.这位工人作家来了。A cart and horse was seen in the distance.远处能看见有一套马车。Truth and hon
3、esty is the best policy.真诚是最好的策略。第5页/共72页28.Whisky and soda _ his favorite drink.a.is b.are c.were d.have been29._ is to attend our evening.a.both the singer and the dancer b.Either the singer or dancersc.The singer or dancers d.The singer and dancer第6页/共72页41.Early to bed and early to rise _ a man
4、healthy,happy and wise.a.making b.to make c.make d.makes第7页/共72页3.“and”前、后的单数词语都有“each,every,many a,no”等修饰时，仍作单数用。Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.这里每个男孩和每个女孩都享有平等权益。No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity.没有哪个教师或学生可以免于参加这项活动。第8页/共72页2.Each man and woma
5、n _ the same rights.a.has b.have c.had d.is having44.Every man,woman and child _ some history,enough at least,to survive in the world.a.knows b.know c.is known d.are known第9页/共72页主语前、后加表“数、量”等的修饰语时 many a+单名 接单数谓语：Many a fine man has died for it.许多优秀战士为此献出了生命。16.Many a student _ the importance of le
6、arning a foreign language.a.have realized b.has realized c.have been realized d.has been realized第10页/共72页a good(great)many+复名 接复数谓语。A great many parents were present at the meeting.许多家长出席了会议。第11页/共72页 more than one+单名 大多接单数谓语。More than one person was(were)absent.不止一个人缺席。15.More than one worker _ di
7、smissed.a.have been b.are c.has been d.has第12页/共72页 more+复名+than one 接复数谓语。More students than one have been there.不止一个学生去过那儿。more than two(three,)+复名 接复数谓语。More than one hundred students have attended the concert.不止一百名学生听了这场音乐会。第13页/共72页主语前加表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind(sort/type/form/pair/cup/glass/piece/lo
8、ad/block/box/handful/quantity/ton/meter/)of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语形式。第14页/共72页There is only a small quantity of paper(books)left.只剩下少量的纸（书）了。Large quantities of water are needed.需要大量的水。This kind of apple is sweet.这种苹果甜。This kind of apples is(are)sweet.（大多依 kind，作单数用）These kinds of apple(s)are swe
9、et.（总作复数用）Apples of this kind are sweet.（总作复数用）第15页/共72页主语后接“with”等构成的短语修饰成分时：谓语仍须与这类短语前的主语一致。可构成这类短语的常用“with,along with,together with,as well as,but,besides,except,added to,including,like,no less than,rather than,more than”等。第16页/共72页A woman with two children has come.一位妇女带着两个孩子来了。I as well as they
10、 am ready to help you.不仅他们，我也愿帮助你。55.Air pollution,together with overpopulation,_many problems in big cities today.(06)A.are causing B.is causing C.are caused D.is caused第17页/共72页31.No one except two students _ the meeting.a.has been late for b.have been late for c.was late for d.were later for32.Al
11、l but him and me _ to the exhibition.a.am going b.is going c.are going d.was going第18页/共72页33.Interest,as well as prospects,_ important when one looks for a job.a.are b.were c.is d.was第19页/共72页定语从句中的主谓一致问题one of+复数名词+定语从句：1.定语从句的先行词通常是这个“复数名词”，因此从句的谓语用复数形式。This is one of the best novels that have ap
12、peared this year.这是今年出版的最佳小说之一。（关系词“that”代“novels”）He was one of the boys who were praised.他是受表扬的男孩之一。第20页/共72页2.若“one”前加“this,the,the only”等时，定语从句的关系词指代one，作从句主语时，接单数谓语。He was the only one of the boys who was praised.他是男孩中唯一受到表扬的。(关系词who 代 the only one)第21页/共72页21.Mary is one of the brightest stude
13、nts who _from New York University.(07)A.graduated B.have graduated C.had graduated D.has graduated第22页/共72页25.Mary is one of the girls who _ always on time.a.is b.am c.are d.was26.Tom is the only one of the stall members who _ to be promoted.a.is going b.are going c.has been going d.have been going第
14、23页/共72页意义一致原则 有些名词指“整体”时作单数，指其中的“成员”时作复数。这些名词包括：Army;audienceClass;club;company;committee;couple crew;crowd familygovernment;groupparty public populationstaffteam union第24页/共72页Our family is a happy one.我们有个幸福的家庭。The family are early risers.这家人都起得早。The public are(is)requested not to litter.请公众不要乱扔废
15、弃物。第25页/共72页30.The Smiths _ their breakfast when the morning post came.a.had b.has been having c.are having d.were having19.The committee _ over the problem among themselves for two hours.a.has argued b.has been arguing c.have argued d.have been arguing第26页/共72页20.The public _ generous in their cont
16、ributions to the earthquake victims.a.is b.was c.are d.has been第27页/共72页有些名词以s结尾，看似名词复数，实际上是一个单数名词：News;works某些疾病：diabetes;mumps;rickets;measles;rabies;shingles某些游戏：billiards;bowls;darts;表示学科的词：acoustics;athletics;economics;electronics;genetics;linguistics;logistics;mathematics;physics;politics;stat
17、istics;thermodynamics第28页/共72页23.Measles _ a kind of infectious illness.a.is b.are c.were d.have been22.Her politics _ neither conservative nor liberal.a.is b.are c.was d.has been第29页/共72页42.Mathematics _ the language of science.a.is b.has been c.are d.have been 第30页/共72页其他以-s结尾的名词:英语中有一些由两个部分构成的物体名
18、称，通常是由-s结尾，如scissors（剪子）、pincers（钳子）、glasses（眼镜）、shorts（短裤）、trousers（裤子）、suspenders（吊裤带）等。这一类名词，如果不带“一把”、“一副”、“一条”之类的单位词而单独出现，通常作复数；如果带有单位词，则由单位词的单复数形式决定谓语动词的单复数。例如：第31页/共72页Your trousers are torn Youd better change them 你的裤子破了，最好换一条。One pair of trousers is not enough一条裤子是不够的。Here are some new pairs
19、 of trousers这儿有几条新裤子。第32页/共72页英语中还有一些以-s结尾的名词，如archives（档案），arms（武器），clothes（衣服），contents（内容），eaves（屋檐），fireworks（烟火），goods（货物），minutes（记录），morals（道德，品行），remains（遗体），stairs（楼梯），suburbs（郊区），thanks（谢意），wages（工资）等，通常作复数。例如：第33页/共72页The archives of this society are kept in the basement这个团体的档案保存在地下室里。The
20、 contents of this book are most fascinating本书的内容非常吸引人。Fireworks were postponed because of bad weather因为天气不好推迟了放烟火。High wages result in high prices高工资会导致高物价。His thanks were most profuse他满口道谢。第34页/共72页但也有少数这类名词作单、复数均可：His whereabouts werewas known only to his personal staff只有他个人的工作班子才知道他的行踪。The dramat
21、ics（舞台艺术）of the performance werewas marvelous这次上演在舞台艺术上真是好极了。第35页/共72页凡是由-ings结尾的名词，如clippings（剪下物），diggings（掘出物），earnings（收入，收益），filings（锉屑），lodgings（租住的房间），surroundings（环境），sweepings（扫拢的垃圾）等，通常作复数。例如：第36页/共72页The clippings of the hedges are usually burnt由篱笆上剪下的枝叶通常烧掉。The sweepings of the godown ha
22、ve been disposed of仓库垃圾已经清除。18.The surroundings of his house _ clean now.a.is b.are c.was d.were第37页/共72页表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。10.“_ twenty dollars a big sum to her?”“I suppose so.”a.Will be b.Is c.Are d.Were11.Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task.a.are b.has c.is d
23、.were第38页/共72页代词作主语时：1.不定代词each,one,much,(a)little,either,neither,another,the other(+单名)等常作单数用。它们所修饰的主语也作单数。e.g.Each of the girls(Each girl)has a new hat.每个女孩都有顶新帽子。Neither plan suits me.Neither of the plans suits/suit me.两个计划都不适合我。第39页/共72页1.Each of you _ responsible for the accident.a.am b.be c.is
24、 d.are第40页/共72页2下列复合不定代词一般作单数用：someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothingIs everybody here?都到齐了吗？There was nothing special then.那时没什么特别情况。第41页/共72页3.下列不定代词作复数用：(a)few;,many;,several;bothFew(of the guests)were familiar to us.没几个（客人）是我们熟识的。Bo
25、th/Both(of)these are interesting.两部影片都有趣。第42页/共72页4下列代词须视其“具体所指”来决定单、复数：all,some,more,most,any,none,a lot(of),lots(of),half(of),plenty(of),the rest(of),(a)part(of),the remainder(of)All(of the students)are working hard.（所有的学生）都在用功。All(of the paint)is fine.（这些油漆）都很好。Half of the apples are bad.苹果中有一半是坏
26、的。Half of the apple is bad.这只苹果坏了一半。第43页/共72页12.Most of his savings _ in the Xin Hua Bank.a.has been kept b.is being kept c.have kept d.have been kept13.All that can be done _.a.has done b.has been done c.have done d.have been done第44页/共72页45.None of them _ my friends.a.is b.are c.was d.has been 第45
27、页/共72页a number of/a variety of+复数名词，常作复数用。A number of students in this class are(is)from Sichuan.这个班有不少同学来自四川。There are a variety of toys in this shop.这家商店有各种各样的玩具。第46页/共72页35.A number of cars _ in front of the parka.is parked b.was parked c.are parked d.has parked第47页/共72页但是，“the number/the variety
28、(种类)+of+复数名词，作单数。The number of students in this college has doubled.这所大学的学生人数翻了一番。The variety of goods in this shop is rich.这家商店货物品种丰富。第48页/共72页22.The number of members in the club _to two hundred.(06)A.were limited B.limitsC.was limited D.limited第49页/共72页36.The number of articles published on smoki
29、ng _ amazing.a.is b.are c.were d.have been第50页/共72页有些名词，如population,proportion,majority+of 的结构有时看作单数，有时看作复数。取决于of 后的名词：37.The majority of doctors _ smoking is harmful to health.a.are believed b.had believed c.has believed d.believe第51页/共72页38.The majority of the damage _ easy to repair.a.is b.are c.
30、were d.be第52页/共72页分数词+of的结构，单复数取决于后面的名词：39.Four-fifths of the crop _.a.are ruined b.was ruined c.were ruined d.have been ruined 第53页/共72页40.Three-fourths of the buildings _.a.was destroyed b.is destroyed c.were destroyed d.has been destroyed第54页/共72页the+形容词/分词作主语时 1.指“一类”人或事物时，常用作复数用。e.g.The English
31、 speak English.英国人讲英语。The rejected were heaped in the corner.废品堆在角落里。第55页/共72页2.指“某一个”人，或“抽象的”事物时，作单数用。e.g.The deceased was his father.去世的是他父亲。The agreeable is not always the useful.好看的不一定中用。The new and progressive always wins over the old.新生、进步的事物总是要战胜旧的东西。第56页/共72页43.The young _ the vital forces i
32、n our society.a.is b.has been c.are d.have been48.In that country,the rich _ richer,the poor,poorer.a.become b.has become c.becomes d.is becoming第57页/共72页what等引导的从句作主语时1.大多作单数用。e.g.What we need is more practice.我们需要的是更多的实践。What he says doesnt agree with what he does.他言行不一致。27.What caused the acciden
33、t _ on the road.a.were stone b.were stones c.was stone d.was stones第58页/共72页2.若从句是含复数意义的并列结构、或表语是复数时，谓语动词用单数或复数两可。e.g.What you say and think is/are no business of mine.你怎么说以及怎么想，不关我的事。What he bought was/were some books.他所买的是几本书。第59页/共72页就近一致原则也称“邻近原则”即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。第60页/共72页1.由下列词
34、语连接的并列主语：or;either or；nor;neitheror；whetheror；notbut;not onlybut also;等。e.g.What he does or what he says does not concern me.他的行为或言谈都与我无关。Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。Not you but your father is to blame.不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。Not only you but(also)he is wrong.不仅你错了，他也错了。第61页/共72页39.Not only I but also T
35、om and Mary _ fond of collecting stamps.(05)A.am B.will C.are D.have58.Neither the teacher nor her students _to attend the meeting by the headmaster.(07)A.has been asked B.has askedC.have asked D.have been asked第62页/共72页5.The manager or his assistant _ planning to go.a.were b.are c.was d.be6.Not onl
36、y I but also David and Iris _ fond of playing basketball.a.am b.is c.are d.was第63页/共72页7.Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home.a.is b.are c.has d.was8.Either the dean or the principal _ the meeting.a.attends b.attend c.are attending d.have attended 第64页/共72页9._ was wrong.a.Not the teacher but the st
37、udents b.Both the students and the teacherc.Neither the teacher not the students d.Not the students but the teacher第65页/共72页14.One or perhaps more pages _.a.is missing b.has been missed c.are missing d.was missing46.Not only the whole nation,but the whole Europe,indeed the whole human society _ to a
38、lter its attitude to racial problems.a.need b.needs c.has a need d.have a need第66页/共72页2.在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。第67页/共72页讨论题3.Every means _ tried but without much result.a.has been b.have been c.are d.is4.The
39、re _ in this room.a.are too much furniture b.is too many furnituresc.are too much furnitures d.is too much furniture第68页/共72页17.The gas works _ near the city.a.is b.are c.were d.be21.Cattle _ on the hillside.a.grazes b.is grazing c.was grazing d.were grazing 第69页/共72页24.The Philippines _ to the sout
40、h-east of China.a.lies b.lie c.lay d.lays34.The president,accompanied by his assistants,_.a.have arrived b.are arriving c.had arrived d.has arrived第70页/共72页49.The project requires more labor than _ because it is extremely difficult.a.has been put in b.have been put in c.being put in d.to be put in 50.Not one in one hundred children exposed to the disease _ likely to develop it.a.should be b.must be c.is d.are 第71页/共72页