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1、增强书面表达增强书面表达效果的技巧效果的技巧全国高考书面表达的评分标准：全国高考书面表达的评分标准：-覆盖所有主要内容；覆盖所有主要内容；-应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；-语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。较强的语言运用能力。-有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文 结构紧凑；结构紧凑；完全达到了预期的写作目的。完全达到了预期的写作目的。第五档（很好）（第五档（很好）（2125分）分）上海高考上海高考
2、写作评分标准：写作评分标准：1 1、本题总分为、本题总分为2525分，其中内容分，其中内容1010分，语言分，语言 10 10分，组织结构分，组织结构5 5分。分。2 2、评分时应注意内容要点、应用词汇和语法评分时应注意内容要点、应用词汇和语法 结构的数量和准确性以及上下文的连贯性。结构的数量和准确性以及上下文的连贯性。3 3、评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确、评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确 定所属档次，然后对照相应的组织结构档定所属档次，然后对照相应的组织结构档 次给予加分。其中，内容和语言两部分相次给予加分。其中，内容和语言两部分相 加，得加，得1515分或以上者，可考虑加分或以
3、上者，可考虑加 4-5 4-5分，分，15 15分以下者只能考虑加分以下者只能考虑加 0-3 0-3分。分。4 4、词数少于、词数少于7070，总分最多不超过，总分最多不超过1010分。分。技技 巧巧1.使用较高级的词汇使用较高级的词汇3.使用恰当的连接词使用恰当的连接词词汇反映你知识贮存量的词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。的一个重要标志。运用得当的句子结构可以运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉整篇文章因此而生辉。使用恰当连接词，对写一使用恰当连接词，对写一篇有篇有“英语味英语味”的文章很的文章
4、很重要，能使文章上下衔接重要，能使文章上下衔接自然、紧凑。自然、紧凑。增强书面表达增强书面表达效果的技巧效果的技巧2.使用较丰富的句式使用较丰富的句式一、使用较高级的词汇一、使用较高级的词汇1、这件工作挺难的。、这件工作挺难的。2、最后他了解到了所有的事情。、最后他了解到了所有的事情。3、感谢你不辞辛苦地帮助我。、感谢你不辞辛苦地帮助我。That is a difficult job.challenging/demandingHe learned about everything at last.eventuallyI should thank you for taking so much t
5、rouble to help me.I am awfully grateful to you for4.几天前，我碰巧遇到了一个老朋友。几天前，我碰巧遇到了一个老朋友。5.努力使我们的生活变得更好。努力使我们的生活变得更好。We try our best to make our life better.Several days ago,I happened to meet an old friend of mine.A couple of days ago,I came across/bumped into/stumbled on an old friend of mine./(,it so
6、happened that I ran into )make every effort to make unremitting/joint efforts tospare no effort to better our life 像像access,available,annoyed,appealing,charming,cute,confused,contact,challenging,considerably,consequently,demanding,essential,exceptional,fascinated,locate,participate,quit,significant,
7、schedule,terrific,等单词，等单词，均可视作高级词汇。均可视作高级词汇。1.Because the weather was good,our journey was comfortable.2.We all think he is a great man.3.Suddenly I thought out a good idea.Thanks to/Owing to the good weather,our journey was comfortable.We all think highly of him.A good idea occurred to me.Or:A good
8、 idea suddenly struck me.PracticeOr:I hit on/upon a good idea.4.Shanghai lies in the east of China.5.As a result,the plan was a failure.6.When she heard he had died,she went pale with sorrow.7.A new railway is being built in my hometown.The plan turned out to be a failure.Shanghai is situated/locate
9、d in the east of China.At the news of his death,she went pale with sorrow.A new railway is under construction in my hometown.8.She went to Austria in order to study music.9.When he spoke,he felt more and more excited.10.In our school,there are two tennis courts.11.You can find my house easily.She we
10、nt to Austria for the purpose of studying music.The more he spoke,the more excited he felt.We have two tennis courts available in our school.Youll have no trouble(in)finding my house.二、使用较丰富的句式二、使用较丰富的句式1.When he arrives,please give me an e-mail.(使用使用V-ing形式形式)2.To his surprise,the little girl knows
11、 so many things.(使用名词性从句使用名词性从句)3.Once it is seen,it can never be forgotten.(用用过去分词过去分词)On his arriving,please give me an e-mail.What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.Once seen,it can never be forgotten.4.He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the n
12、ewspaper.(使用强调句型使用强调句型)5.I passed the physics exam because of your help.(用虚拟语气）用虚拟语气）It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened.I couldnt have passed the physics exam but for your help.6.She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.(使用过去分词使用过去分词
13、)7.They sang and laughed as they went back to school.(使用使用V-ing形式形式)Singing and laughing,they went back to school.Followed by many students,she walked out of the lab.8.I wont believe what he says.(使用状语使用状语 从句从句)9.The girl is spoken highly of.Her composition was well written.(用定语从句用定语从句)10.It is grea
14、t fun to climb the hill.(用感叹句用感叹句)No matter what he says,I wont believe.The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.What great fun it is to climb the hill!11.If you study hard,you will make rapid progress.（用并列句）（用并列句）12.He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abr
15、oad.(使用倒装句使用倒装句)13.People suggest that the conference be put off.(改被动语态改被动语态)No sooner had he come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.Study hard,and youll make rapid progress.It is suggested that the conference be put off.Supplementary:精选句型精选句型1.不用说不用说/不言而喻，不言而喻，It goes without saying that=(I
16、t is)needless to say(that)=It is obvious that子句子句=Obviously,It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.I.I.用于文章主题句用于文章主题句不用说早睡早起是值得不用说早睡早起是值得的。的。2.俗语说得好：俗语说得好：。Well goes an old saying,=As an old saying goes(runs,says),=An old saying goes like this,俗话说得好俗话说得好:诚实为上策。诚实为上策。As an old saying
17、 goes,Honesty is the best policy.3.我深信我深信I am greatly convinced(that)=I am greatly assured(that)=I strongly believe thatI am greatly convinced that prevention is better than cure.我深信预防胜于治疗。我深信预防胜于治疗。4.是很容易证明的。是很容易证明的。It can be easily proved that It can be easily proved that nothing is more precious
18、than/is so precious as time.时间最珍贵是很容易证明的。时间最珍贵是很容易证明的。II.II.用于文章承转句用于文章承转句 1.我们有理由相信我们有理由相信We have reasons to believe(that)We have every reason to believe thatWe have reasons to believe that physical punishment should be strictly prohibited.我们有理由相信体罚应该严格禁止。我们有理由相信体罚应该严格禁止。2.此外，我们不应忽视此外，我们不应忽视Besides
19、(In addition),we should not neglect that In addition,we should not neglect that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society.此外，我们不应忽视每个人都想要此外，我们不应忽视每个人都想要一个温馨祥和的社会。一个温馨祥和的社会。3.事实上，事实上，As a matter of fact,=In fact,As a matter of fact,it is health that counts/what really counts is health.事实上事实上,健康才
20、是最重要。健康才是最重要。4.相反地相反地;On the contrary,=By contrast,=Contrast to,On the contrary,a few students,it seems,are still fooling around.相反地相反地,少数学生似乎还在鬼混。少数学生似乎还在鬼混。III.III.用于文章结论句用于文章结论句1.最后，但并非最不重要，最后，但并非最不重要，。Last but not least,.(该句型用于罗列最后一个观点。该句型用于罗列最后一个观点。)Last but not least,the shortcoming in educati
21、on is the cause contributing to juvenile delinquency.最后，但并非最不重要，教育上的最后，但并非最不重要，教育上的缺失是助长青少年犯罪的原因。缺失是助长青少年犯罪的原因。2.因此因此,我们能下个结论我们能下个结论,那就是那就是。We can,therefore,come to the conclusion(that)We can,therefore,come to the conclusion that nothing is so precious as freedom in the world.因此，我们能下个结论，那就是世上因此，我们能下
22、个结论，那就是世上自由最珍贵。自由最珍贵。3.这证据显示的重要性再怎么强调都这证据显示的重要性再怎么强调都不为过。不为过。This evidence shows that the importance of cannot be overemphasized.This evidence shows that the importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.这证据显示交通安全的重要性再怎么这证据显示交通安全的重要性再怎么强调都不为过。强调都不为过。4.总而言之，总而言之，。In conclusion,=To sum up,In c
23、onclusion,a good citizen should abide by/observe/obey traffic regulations.总而言之，好国民应该遵守交通规则。总而言之，好国民应该遵守交通规则。三、使用恰当的连接词三、使用恰当的连接词逻辑角度逻辑角度合适的过渡性词汇合适的过渡性词汇时间关系时间关系first,then,subsequently,finally/at last,soon,suddenly,immediately,the moment,meanwhile,while空间关系空间关系here,there,on one side on the other side
24、,in front of,at the back of,next to 对称关系对称关系for one thing,for the other thing;on one hand,on the other hand转折关系转折关系but,however,while(虽然虽然),though,otherwise，on the contrary,in spite of,no matter what因果关系因果关系because,since,due to,owing to,thanks to,as a result(of),consequently,therefore条件关系条件关系as long
25、as,so long as,in case,on condition that,if,unless,递进关系递进关系whats more,moreover,besides,furthermore,in addition,to make matters worse,whats worse,worse still解释说明解释说明for example/instance,such as,that is,namely,in other words总结总结in short,in general,in all,to sum up,to conclude,generally speaking,in a wo
26、rd,on balance,on the whole在议论文中，为了使结构清楚，要点在议论文中，为了使结构清楚，要点 明了，可以使用如下几组词汇：明了，可以使用如下几组词汇：1）first(ly),second(ly),third(ly),last/finally2）to begin with,then,furthermore,finally3）to start with,next,in addition,finally4）first and foremost,besides,last but not least5）on the one hand,on the other hand6）for
27、one thing,for another thing（适用于（适用于 两点的情况）两点的情况）Its most desirable that you should use No.2)&3)&4).1.We have many things to do.We believe we can finish before the day is over.We have quite a lot to do.Hopefully,we will be able to finish before the day is over.Please compare the following sentences:2
28、.He is running his research company and he has another job at the university.He is running his research company in addition to his job at the university.3.Most students think that it is necessary to learn English.Some others think that it is not necessary to learn English.Most/A majority of students
29、 hold(the idea)that it is necessary to learn English while some(students)argue that there is no need to learn English.(1999 Shanghai)Study the following paragraphs:1.On one hand,cars make peoples life more convenient.They can go wherever they want to without having to wait for a bus or walking a lon
30、g way.Besides,the manufacture of cars can also promote the development of industry,which can make our country more competitive.(2001 Shanghai)2.Many parents share the opinion that they must get every thing ready for their children so that their children can put more emphasis on their study.However,t
31、heyve failed to consider that with help of this kind,children are not likely to live their own life without their parents in the future.(2002 Shanghai)3.To begin with,beauty is just skin deep.Dont you think it silly to pay so much attention to your appearance?What really matters is not whether you w
32、ear brand-name(品牌品牌)shoes or garments but whether your clothes fit you.(2003 Shanghai)4.As the proverb goes,work without play makes Jack a dull boy.In order to have no dull boys,I think,it is wise for the children to decide whatever they like and learn what they think is useful for the society.(2004
33、 Shanghai Spring)5.First and foremost,I think it good to add some English expressions and phrases to the wallpaper.By doing this,we can know more about the English language and useful idioms,which will definitely help to improve our English study.(2004 Shanghai)请你给中国日报写一篇稿件，谈谈请你给中国日报写一篇稿件，谈谈农村儿童失学的主
34、要原因及你的看法。农村儿童失学的主要原因及你的看法。字数不少于字数不少于120词。词。Practice原因原因：1、家家庭庭贫贫穷穷，供供不不起起儿儿童童上上学学，他他们们不不得得不不在家赚钱养家。在家赚钱养家。2、部部分分家家长长认认为为女女孩孩上上学学无无用用，不不愿愿让让她她们们上学。上学。3、部分儿童对功课不感兴趣，不愿上学。、部分儿童对功课不感兴趣，不愿上学。看法看法：1、每个儿童包括女孩都应有受教育的机会。、每个儿童包括女孩都应有受教育的机会。2、全全社社会会都都应应重重视视儿儿童童教教育育，他他们们对对国国家家的的未来将起到重要的作用。未来将起到重要的作用。Now in the
35、country areas,there are many children out of school.Most families are poor and cant afford their education.They have to stay at home and make money.Some parents think daughters neednt go to school.They dont let them go to school.Some children are not interested in their studies and wouldnt like to g
36、o to school.All the children including girls should be educated.The whole society should pay attention to it.Theyll play an important part in the future of our country.诊断：诊断：优点优点缺点缺点药方药方1、要点齐全；、要点齐全；2、词能达意；、词能达意；3、语句表达基本正确。、语句表达基本正确。1、语句不够连贯、语句不够连贯1、使用常见句型；、使用常见句型；2、每两个句子之间使用关联词或、每两个句子之间使用关联词或 过渡词。过
37、渡词。Now in the country areas,there are many children out of school._._,most families are too poor to send their children to school._,they have no choice but to stay at home and make money.The reasons can be listed as followsTo begin withAs a resultIn additionHowever _,some parents think there is no n
38、eed for their daughters to go to school._,they dont let them go to school._,some children are not interested in their studies._,some wouldnt like to go to school.In my opinionThereforeFinallyTo make matters worseIn addition _,all the children including girls should be educated._,the whole society sh
39、ould lay/place/put great emphasis on childrens education _ theyll play an important part in the future of our country one day.As far as Im concernedBesideshoweverThereforeLast but not leastbecauseTips on Writing Better1.Utilize some high-grade words;2.Adopt a variety of sentence patterns;3.Employ some proper transitional or cohesive words.