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1、Business English Reading CoursewareBook 2ChapterTwoInternational Trade Terms国际贸易术语国际贸易术语Step OneFirst,read Material One under teachers instructions.Then teacher gives hints or tips for reading.Finally,teacher checks the answers and gives explanations.SummaryofInternationalTradeTerms1.RoleofTradeTerm
2、sTradeterms,alsoknownaspricetermsordeliveryterms,arestandardizedtermsusedinsalescontractsthatdescribetheplaceandmannerforthetransferofgoodsfromthesellertothebuyer.Thesetradeterms,suchasFreeOnBoard(FOB)andCost,Insurance,andFreight(CIF),mayalsodefineavarietyofothermatters,includingtheprice,thetimewhen
3、theriskoflossshiftsfromthesellertothebuyer,andthecostsoffreightbandinsurance.Theuseoftradetermsgreatlysimplifiestheprocessofnegotiationofcontract,thussavingtimeandcostforbusinessmen.2InternationalRulesonTradeTermsTradetermshavebeendevelopedinpracticeformanyyears.However,asdifferentcountriesmighthave
4、differentinterpretationsoftheterms,misunderstandingsoccurredfrequently.Toclearuptheconfusion,somecommercialorganizationsdrewupsetsofrulesorstandarddefinitions.2.1.Warsaw-OxfordRules1932ThisrulewasdraftedbytheAssociationofInternationalLawin1932.Itcontains21clauses,whichonlystipulatethenatureofCIFcont
5、ract,andthecharges,risksandobligationswhichshouldbebornbythesellerorthebuyer.2.2.RevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions1941ThisrulewasmadeoutbynineAmericancommercialorganizationsin1941.Itisasetofforeigntradewhichareconsideredobsolete,butstillsometimesusedindomesticU.S.trade.Itcontains6tradeterms.2.3
6、.InternationalRulefortheInterpretationofTradeTerms2000TheInternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC)inParisdevelopedINCOTERMS(InternationalCommercialTerms).Itwasfirstpublishedin1936andhasbeenperiodicallyrevisedtoaccountforchangingmodesoftransportanddocumentdelivery.ThecurrentversionisINCOTERMS2000,whichcame
7、intoforceonJan.1,2000.Inthisrule,therearetotally13tradeterms,whichhavebeendividedinto4differentgroups.a.The“E”-term(EXW).Theonlytermwheretheseller/exportermakesthegoodsavailableathisorherownpremisestothebuyer/importer.b.The“F”-terms(FCA,FASandFOB).Termswheretheseller/exporterisresponsibletodeliverth
8、egoodstoacarriernamedbythebuyer.c.The“C”-terms(CFR,CIF,CPTandCIP).Termswheretheseller/exporterisresponsibleforcontactingandpayingforcarriageofthegoods,butnotresponsibleforadditionalcostsorriskoflossordamagestothegoodsoncetheyhavebeenshipped.d.The“D”-terms(DAF,DES,DEQ,DDUandDDP).Termswheretheseller/e
9、xporterisresponsibleforallcostsandrisksassociatedwithbringingthegoodstotheplaceofdestination.Dtermsevidence“arrival”contracts.TableINCOMES2000(a)GroupEDepartureEXWExWorksGroupFMaincarriageunpaidFCAFreeCarrier(namedplace)FASFreeAlongsideShip(namedportofshipment)FOBFreeOnBoard(namedportofshipment)Grou
10、pCMaincarriagepaidCFRCostandFreight(.namedplaceofdestination)CIFCost,InsuranceandFreight(namedportofdestination)(b)CPTCarriagePaidTo(namedportofdestination)CIPCarriageandInsurancePaidTo(namedplaceofdestination)GroupDArrivalDAFDeliveredAtFrontier(namedplace)DESDeliveredExShip(namedportofdestination)D
11、EQDeliveredExQuay(namedportofdestination)DDUDeliveredDutyUnpaid(namedportofdestination)DDPDeliveredDutyPaid(namedportofdestination)Step TwoStudents read Material Two themselves firstly.Then teacher checks the answers without giving explanations.vocabularystandardize:vt.使标准化使标准化simplify:vt.简化，使简明简化，使
12、简明periodically:ad.偶然地，定期地偶然地，定期地revise:vt.修订，修改；复习修订，修改；复习rail:n.栏杆；轨道；铁路栏杆；轨道；铁路provision:n.供应；预备；条款供应；预备；条款conformity:n.依照；适合；一致依照；适合；一致(点点)transit:n.运输，载运运输，载运expiry:vi.期满，期满，(期限期限)终止终止preceding:a.在先的，在前的，前面的在先的，在前的，前面的render:vt.使得，致使；给予，提供使得，致使；给予，提供inspection:n.检查，细看检查，细看inflation:n.通货膨胀通货膨胀det
13、er:vt.阻止阻止premium:n.加付款；赠品加付款；赠品flexibility:n.灵活性，柔韧性灵活性，柔韧性alienate:vt.使疏远，离间；转让使疏远，离间；转让(财产等财产等)bankrupt:a.破产的；彻底缺乏的破产的；彻底缺乏的vt.使破产使破产n.破产者破产者elasticity:n.弹性，伸缩力弹性，伸缩力bureaucratic:a.官僚作风的，官僚的；政府机构官僚作风的，官僚的；政府机构eliminate:vt.排除，消除，根除；淘汰排除，消除，根除；淘汰hierarchy:n.等级制度；统治集团，领导层等级制度；统治集团，领导层dedication:a.献身
14、的，一心一意的，热诚的献身的，一心一意的，热诚的profitability:n.收益性收益性,盈利能力盈利能力innovation:n.新方法，新事物；革新，创新新方法，新事物；革新，创新单元注释单元注释clearup:清理；澄清，解决drewup:v.拟定,起草accountfor:解释，说明associatewith:与.常在一起,和.联想在一起subjectto:易受.影响的,屈服于.的,让步于.inaccordancewith:与一致，依照，根据Warsaw-OxfordRules1932:1932年华沙-牛津规则，它起源于1928年国际法协会在波兰华沙制定的1928年华沙规则，此后几
15、经修改，最后将此规则确定为1932年华沙-牛津规则RevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinition1941:1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本是1941年，由美国商会、美国进口商全国理事会和美国对外贸易理事会所组成的联合委员会正式通过的，迄今为止，它在美洲大陆都具有相当大的影响。InternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC):国际商会国际商会成立于1919年，发展至今已拥有来自130多个国家的成员公司和协会，是全球唯一的代表所有企业的权威代言机构。FOB:船上交货（指定装运港）FOB术语要求卖方办理货物出口清关手续。该术语仅适用于海运或内河运输。
16、CFR:成本加运费（指定目的港）CFR术语要求卖方办理出口清关手续。该术语仅适用于海运或内河运输。CIF:成本、保险费加运费（指定目的港）CIF术语要求卖方办理出口清关手续。该术语仅适用于海运或内河运输。CIP:运费和保险费付至（指定目的地）CIP术语要求卖方办理出口清关手续。该术语可适用于各种运输方式，包括多式联运。FAS:船边交货（指定装运港）FAS术语要求卖方办理货物出口清关手续。CPT:运费付至（指定目的地）CPT术语要求卖方办理出口清关手续。该术语可适用于各种运输方式，包括多式联运。练习答案 【材料一】.1.A 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.B 【材料二】Analysis：Under
17、FOB terms,it is the buyers obligation to make arrangements for delivering the goods.According to INCOTERMS 2000,“The buyer must contract at his own expense for the carriage of the goods from the named port of shipment.”It also provides that“The buyer must give the seller sufficient notice of the ves
18、sel name,loading point and required delivery time”.If the buyers vessel fails to arrive at the port of shipment duly,or fails to accept the goods,or stop loading ahead of the schedule specified in the contract,all the risks and loss of and damage to the goods are to be borne by the buyer as of the a
19、ppointed date for delivering the goods or the expiry date of the time limit.【材料二】It was learned later that during the implementation of the last shipment,the international market price of wheat dropped drastically,which greatly influenced the sales of company B who attempted to cancel the delivery o
20、f the last shipment by hanging it up.However,company A made good use of INCOTERMS explanation for FOB terms and protected its own interests through proper means.【材料三】1.B 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.C【材料四】1.C 2.E 3.A 4.G 【单元弹性练习一】1.B 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.D 11.B 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.A【单元弹性练习二】1.YET 2.OF 3.IMPROVE 4.BEEN 5.THIS 6.FROM 7.ALLOW 8.THE 9.THAT 10.CORRECT 11.EXTRA 12.CORRECT Class is over.Thanks for your attention.