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1、CENTURY BUSINESS ENGLISH世纪商务英语世纪商务英语 阅读教程阅读教程（专业篇（专业篇I）第四版第四版大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社UNIT 1Production and Operation ManagementProduction and Operation Management1 1Unit Introduction TEXT ATEXT BWords and Expressions1-11-1Unit Introduction After studying this unit,you will understand what production and op
2、eration management is and be able to identify the activities associated with this topic.You can also explain what ISO 9000 is,how ISO 9000 works and why ISO9 000 is important.1-11-1Unit Introduction Check that you understand the following professional words or expressions.Most of them are common whe
3、n they are introduced in general English.But they would have particular meanings when they are used to describe production and operation management.Study the list of words，do Task 1,then look up any words you do not know in a good dictionary.1-11-1Unit Introduction Professional Words&Expressions aud
4、iting freight billfacility location shippingauditor target datequality standards modularImplement Gap AnalysisCustom-designed certifyregistry zero-defectinternational trade registrarwarehouse quality controlinventory managementISO wholesalerInternal Audit finished productfinal product1-11-1Unit Intr
5、oduction Task 1The followings are some explanations of the expressions in this unit from an English Dictionary.Before reading the texts in this unit,try to match the words in Column B with the explanations and synonyms in Column A and compare your answers with those of your neighbours.1.someone who
6、buys large quantities of goods and resells them to merchants rather than to the ultimate customers._P.wholesaler1-11-1Unit Introduction 2.a detailed list of all the items in stock._R.inventory 3.the idea would be to bring everything into readiness._T.target date4.the rate rises while production cost
7、 reduces._F.finished product1-11-1Unit Introduction 5.a storehouse for goods and merchandise._H.warehouse6.a set of internationally recognized quality management standards._B.ISO7.concern trade operations of both import and export and include the purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods
8、._D.international trade1-11-1Unit Introduction 8.tell you exactly what you need to do to meet the ISO 9001 2000 Quality Management Standard._J.Gap Analysis9.one that audits accounts._L.auditor10.the conveyance provided by the ships belonging to one country or industry._N.shipping1-21-2Comprehensive
9、ReadingPre-readingText A offers Production and Operation Management(POM)to you,and POM is about the transformation of production and operational inputs into outputs that,when distributed,meet the needs of customers.Reading,the convenient way to get information,is very important for you.However,quite
10、 a few students who have formed the faulty reading habits fail to understand the text they read.Normally,your eyes progress in a left-to-right direction to see each word.1-21-2Comprehensive Reading Occasionally,your eyes will move backward to a word or words already read,instead of moving to the nex
11、t.This kind of reading method slows your reading speed,interfere with your good concentration and affects your good comprehension.If you are a reader with those bad habits,you should avoid them when you are reading.It is proved that once you change your faulty reading habits,you will improve your re
12、ading speed.Now,try to read Text A and then finish the tasks at the end of the text.1-21-2Comprehensive Reading1 All organizations create products for customers.Thus all organizations have a number of similarities that the activities necessary to create goods and services.It is the role of productio
13、n and operation management to acquire the necessary resources to create that product,to plan the specific steps through which those resources must pass to become a finished product and to make sure the product the standards of appearance,performance and reliability.conforms to翻译所有的企业都为顾客生产产品。因此，在所有的
14、企业与生产产品和提供服务相联系的必然行为上都有很多相似之处。生产与运作管理的作用就是获取生产产品所必需的资源，计划好如何把这些资源生产成为成品的具体步骤，并且确保产品符合外观、性能和可靠性标准。conform,使一致，使遵守使一致，使遵守relate torelate to v.connect,have reference e.g.To what events did your remark relate?e.g.This paragraph relates to the international situation.1-21-2Comprehensive Reading翻译The way
15、in which General Motors performs these tasks differs from the way McDonalds or a county hospital performs them.Nonetheless,certain basic steps are similar in all organizations.markedly美国通用汽车公司的生产方式显然与美国通用汽车公司的生产方式显然与麦当劳公司或一家县级医院的运作方麦当劳公司或一家县级医院的运作方式不同。然而，在所有企业里某些基式不同。然而，在所有企业里某些基本步骤都是相同的。本步骤都是相同的。ma
16、rkedly 显著地，明显地1-21-2Comprehensive Reading翻译2 Although all organizations differ to some degree in the way they create products,organizations within an industry perform similar functions in a similar manner.3 It is entirely possible,however,for organizations in unrelated industries to take similar ste
17、ps in creating products.尽管所有的企业生产产品的方式在某种程度上不尽相同，但在同一行业里的企业都以相似的方式生产相似的产品。然而，在不相关的行业里，企业也完全有可能采取相似的步骤去生产产品。1-21-2Comprehensive Reading翻译The checkin procedures used by hotels and commercial airlines are similar4.The way Burger King a hamburger and the way an automobile manufacturer assembles a vehicl
18、e are similar(both use automation and an assembly line).Similarities of this are based on something other than the product itself.5 宾馆和商业航空公司使用的办理登记手续是相似宾馆和商业航空公司使用的办理登记手续是相似的。汉堡王公司制作汉堡包的方式类似于汽车制的。汉堡王公司制作汉堡包的方式类似于汽车制造商生产汽车（二者都使用了自动化和装配线）。造商生产汽车（二者都使用了自动化和装配线）。这种相似性是基于别的东西而非产品本身。这种相似性是基于别的东西而非产品本身。so
19、rtsort 种类种类assemblesassembles 装配装配1-21-2Comprehensive Reading翻译3 The transformation process creates final products by combining the inputs(labor,materials,energy and money)in predetermined ways using different types of equipment,administrative procedures and technology.The transformation process occ
20、urs in all types of organizations,the goods or services they offer.转化过程通过以预定的方式使用不同种类的设备、管转化过程通过以预定的方式使用不同种类的设备、管理程序和技术，结合投入（劳力、材料、能源和资金）理程序和技术，结合投入（劳力、材料、能源和资金），产生了最终产品。这样的转化过程存在于所有类型，产生了最终产品。这样的转化过程存在于所有类型的企业里，不论他们提供的是什么商品或服务。的企业里，不论他们提供的是什么商品或服务。regardless ofregardless of:pay no attention to e.g.
21、They began to carry out the plan regardless of the consequences.e.g.We decided to look for the lost child regardless of dangers.1-21-2Comprehensive Reading翻译The transformation of inputs into outputs(goods and services)is accomplished through the planning of production activities,the of resources,the
22、 arrangement of work,and the controlling of product quality.投入的转化成产出的（商品和服务）过投入的转化成产出的（商品和服务）过程是通过计划生产活动、积累资源、安程是通过计划生产活动、积累资源、安排生产和控制产品质量来完成的。排生产和控制产品质量来完成的。accumulationaccumulation 积累，积聚积累，积聚1-21-2Comprehensive Reading翻译In short，production and operation management includes materials management,pro
23、duction planning and control,as well as quality control,product design,facility location,facility layout,robotics and computer?assisted design and manufacturing6.简言之，生产和运行管理包括材料管理、简言之，生产和运行管理包括材料管理、生产计划与控制以及产品设计、设施选生产计划与控制以及产品设计、设施选址、设施布局、机器人技术和计算机辅址、设施布局、机器人技术和计算机辅助设计与制造。助设计与制造。1-21-2Comprehensive
24、Reading翻译Material management4 Material management is the development and coordination of the policies,procedures and systems that are used to obtain,distribute and store the materials needed to create a product or service.材料管理材料管理 材料管理是通过制定和协调政策、生材料管理是通过制定和协调政策、生产程序和制度来获取、分配和储存生产产程序和制度来获取、分配和储存生产产品或
25、服务所需要的材料。产品或服务所需要的材料。1-21-2Comprehensive Reading翻译 It includes purchasing(the buying of all the materials needed by the organization),inventory management(keeping track of the organizations resources),traffic management(the selection of a suitable mode of transportation,coordination of arrivals and
26、departures,and auditing of freight bills),and shipping and receiving.它包括采购（购买公司需要的所有材料）它包括采购（购买公司需要的所有材料）、库存管理（掌握公司的资源）、运输、库存管理（掌握公司的资源）、运输管理（选择合适的运输方式、协调发货管理（选择合适的运输方式、协调发货和到货事宜和核对运费单）以及装运和和到货事宜和核对运费单）以及装运和接收货物。接收货物。1-21-2Comprehensive Reading翻译 Production planning and control5 Production planning
27、and control is determining what products should be produced and by what date they should be completed,and scheduling the specific activities necessary to have the products completed by the target date.生产计划与控制生产计划与控制生产计划与控制决定生产什么产品、产生产计划与控制决定生产什么产品、产品完成的日期以及策划预定日期完成产品完成的日期以及策划预定日期完成产品任务所进行必要的具体活动。品任务
28、所进行必要的具体活动。1-21-2Comprehensive Reading翻译Production planning and control includes aggregate planning(developing a demand forecast for a group of products for periods of six months to a year),detailed planning(demand forecasting for only one or two months),and (the initiation of action).生生产产计计划划与与控控制制
29、包包括括总总计计划划（预预测测半半年年至至一一年年期期的的产产品品需需求求）、具具体体计计划划（只只做做一一至至两两个个月月的的产产品品预预测测）和和派派工工（开开始实施生产）。始实施生产）。dispatchingdispatching 派工派工1-21-2Comprehensive Reading翻译 Quality control6 Quality control measuring the quality of products and services against established quality standards.Zero?defect programs aim for
30、100 percent acceptable output or no defects in the output of an organization.7质量控制质量控制质量控制系指针对已有的质量标准衡量质量控制系指针对已有的质量标准衡量产品和服务质量。零瑕疵计划的目标就产品和服务质量。零瑕疵计划的目标就是实现生产百分之百合格的产品，或者是实现生产百分之百合格的产品，或者说是企业生产的产品没有任何缺陷。说是企业生产的产品没有任何缺陷。involve v.have as a necessary consequence e.g.To accept the position you offer w
31、ould involve my living in London.e.g.The war involved a great increase in the national debt.involves1-21-2Comprehensive Reading翻译Product design7 Product design is dependent on what customers want and the organizations technical abilities.Products can be standardized,modular or custom-designed.产品设计产品
32、设计 产品设计取决于顾客的需要和企业产品设计取决于顾客的需要和企业的技术能力。可以是标准化设计的产品的技术能力。可以是标准化设计的产品或定制的产品。或定制的产品。1-21-2Comprehensive Reading翻译The decision where to locate operation facilities is a one that depends on to the market,availability of raw materials,availability of transportation,availability of power,climatic influence
33、s,availability of labor and community characteristics.关键是在什么地点选择运作的关键是在什么地点选择运作的厂址，要，要取决于是否接近市场，还要取决于原材取决于是否接近市场，还要取决于原材料、运输、电力、气候影响、劳动力和料、运输、电力、气候影响、劳动力和社区特点等等因素。社区特点等等因素。crucialcrucial a.decisive,criticale.g.At the crucial moment,police came.e.g.Negotiations were at a crucial stage.proximityproxim
34、ity 接近，挨近1-21-2Notes翻译1It is the role of production and operation management to acquire the necessary resources to create that product,to plan the specific steps through which those resources must pass to become a finished product and to make sure the product conforms to the standards of appearance,
35、performance and reliability.生产与运作管理的作用就是获取生产产生产与运作管理的作用就是获取生产产品所必需的资源，计划如何把这些资源品所必需的资源，计划如何把这些资源生产成为成品的具体步骤，并且确保产生产成为成品的具体步骤，并且确保产品符合外观、性能和可靠性的标准。品符合外观、性能和可靠性的标准。1-21-2Notes翻译2The way in which General Motors performs these tasks differs markedly from the way McDonalds or a county hospital performs t
36、hem.美国通用汽车公司的生产方式显然与麦美国通用汽车公司的生产方式显然与麦当劳公司或一家县级医院的运作方式不当劳公司或一家县级医院的运作方式不同。同。1-21-2Notes翻译3Although all organizations differ to some degree in the way they create products，organizations within an industry perform similar functions in a similar manner.尽管所有的企业生产产品的方式在某种尽管所有的企业生产产品的方式在某种程度上不尽相同，但在同一行业里的
37、企程度上不尽相同，但在同一行业里的企业都以相似的方式生产相似的产品。业都以相似的方式生产相似的产品。1-21-2Notes翻译4The check-in procedures used by hotels and commercial airlines are similar.宾馆和商业航空公司使用的办理登记手宾馆和商业航空公司使用的办理登记手续是相似的。续是相似的。5Similarities of this sort are based on something other than the product itself.翻译这种相同之处是基于别的一些东西而这种相同之处是基于别的一些东西而非
38、产品本身。非产品本身。1-21-2Notes翻译6In short,production and operation management includes materials management,production planning and control,as well as quality control,product design,facility location,facility layout,robotics and computer?assisted design and manufacturing.简言之，生产和运行管理包括材料管理、简言之，生产和运行管理包括材料管理、
39、生产计划与控制以及质量控制、产品设生产计划与控制以及质量控制、产品设计、设施选址、设施布局、机器人技术计、设施选址、设施布局、机器人技术和计算机辅助设计与制造。和计算机辅助设计与制造。1-21-2Notes翻译7Zero-defect programs aim for 100 percent acceptable output or no defects in the output of an organization.零瑕疵计划的目标就是生产百分之百合零瑕疵计划的目标就是生产百分之百合格的产品，或者说是企业生产的产品没格的产品，或者说是企业生产的产品没有任何缺陷。有任何缺陷。1-21-2No
40、tes翻译8Product design is dependent on what customers want and the organizations technical abilities.Products can be standardized,modular or custom?designed.产品设计取决于顾客的需要和企业的技产品设计取决于顾客的需要和企业的技术能力。可以是标准化的，模块化的或术能力。可以是标准化的，模块化的或是定制式的产品。是定制式的产品。1-21-2TASK 2Reading well requires more than understanding the
41、 words,sentences and ideas.When you read Text A,you should find out the descriptions of some sentences quickly,and keep your thoughts flowing with the authors.Choose the best answer for each of the following statements according to Text A.1.All organizations have _ that relate to the activities nece
42、ssary to create goods and services.A.few similaritiesB.a lot of similaritiesC.few differences D.a lot of differences答案B1-21-2TASK 22.It is entirely _ for organizations in unrelated industries to take similar steps in creating products.A.possible B.impossibleC.unreasonableD.unrealistic 3.The transfor
43、mation process occurs in _ of organizations,regardless of the goods or services they offer.A.one or two kindsB.a few kindsC.all kindsD.all of the above答案A答案C1-21-2TASK 24._ includes purchasing,inventory management,traffic management,and shipping and receiving.A.Quality controlB.Product designC.Mater
44、ial management D.Production planning and control5._ includes aggregate planning,detailed planning and dispatching.A.Production planning and controlB.Quality controlC.Product designD.Material management答案C答案A1-21-2TASK 26.In order to maximize effectiveness of corporation in the following area,which b
45、elongs to the Production Planning and Control Department?A.Processing time control,daily production control.B.Production data management.C.Parts procurement planning.D.all of the above.答案D1-21-2TASK 27.A:The complaint rate for our new product line is very high,almost seven percent.B:Were having some
46、 _problems,We need to go to the source to work them out.A.production planning B.production control C.production quality-controlD.production design 答案C1-21-2TASK 2D答案A8.Zero?defect programs aim for _ percent acceptable output.A.80B.90C.99D.1009.Robots are _ used in industry.A.increasinglyB.decreasing
47、ly C.ignorantly D.idyllically答案1-21-2TASK 210.Which of the followings isnt true?A.Product design is dependent on what customers want and the organizations technical abilities.B.Robots can perform a variety of tasks.C.Product design is only dependent on the organizations technical abilities.D.Quality
48、 control involves measuring the quality of products and services against established quality standards.答案D1-21-2TASK 3You never just memorize single English words.Youd better learn by heart the whole sentences and the phrases that contain new words so that you may know how to use these words.Now rea
49、d Text A and try to pay active attention to the following expressions in the text.After that,fill in the blanks with the given expressions.Change the form where necessary.conform procedure other than differ forecast dispatch perform distribute accomplish robot1-21-2TASK 31.Japanese industry is makin
50、g increasing use of .2.He a messenger to tell the king what had happened.3.This year,the company decided4.not to dividends to its shareholders.4.If you are a member of a club，5.you must to the rules of the club.5.They didnt the purpose desired.robots dispatched distribute conform accomplish _ _1-21-