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1、Grammar and usageThe passive voice&Modal verbs and the passive voice&Verbs often used in the passive voice句子的主动语态和被动语态在意义上句子的主动语态和被动语态在意义上区别很小。在主动语态中，句子的主区别很小。在主动语态中，句子的主语是动作发出者；在被动语态中，句语是动作发出者；在被动语态中，句子的主语是动作的接受者或受影响者。子的主语是动作的接受者或受影响者。The lovely robots attracts the visitors.The visitors are attract
2、ed by the lovely robots.S.V.O.O.V.S.The Great Wall was visited by many people last year.S.V.O.O.V.S.Many people visited the Great Wall last year.被动语态的基本形式是被动语态的基本形式是 be+过去分词过去分词。通过改变通过改变be的时态，可以构成不同时态的时态，可以构成不同时态的被动语态。的被动语态。Food is kept in the fridge.The glass was broken by the boy.一、被动语态的构成一、被动语态的构
3、成TenseThe active voiceThe passive voiceThe simple presentThe present continuousThe present perfectdo/doesare/is doneam/is/are doinghas/have doneam/is/are being donehave/has been doneThe simple futureThe simple pastThe past continuousThe past perfectbe going to/will dodidwas/were doinghad donebe goin
4、g to/will be donewas/were donewas/were being donehad been done二、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤二、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤1先找出谓语动词；先找出谓语动词；2再找出谓语动词后的宾语；再找出谓语动词后的宾语；3把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；4注意人称、时态和数的变化。注意人称、时态和数的变化。将下列句子改为被动语态：将下列句子改为被动语态：1.Do people speak French in that part of the world?_Is French spoken in that part of t
5、he world?2.The twin brothers havent cleaned their bedroom since last week._3.Its time someone told the spoiled child what was wrong._The twin brothers bedroom hasnt been cleaned(by them)since last week.Its time the spoiled child was told what was wrong.4.When I came in,John was sharpening the knives
6、._5.Who is going to deliver the newspapers tomorrow?_When I came in,the knives were being sharpened by John.By whom are the newspapers going to be delivered tomorrow?提醒：提醒：在被动语态中，动作发出者往往置于在被动语态中，动作发出者往往置于by之后，但在不必指出动作发出者是谁、之后，但在不必指出动作发出者是谁、动作发出者并不重要或很难指出动作发动作发出者并不重要或很难指出动作发出者是谁时，一般不提及动作发出者。出者是谁时，一般不
7、提及动作发出者。Both the headsets and the gloves are connected to a computer network.三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：主动表被动的注意点主动表被动的注意点1不及物动词无被动语态。不及物动词无被动语态。注意注意happen,occur,take place,come about,break out,come out,run out,get across等无被动。等无被动。What will happen in 100 years?The dinosaurs disappeared about
8、65 million years ago.2有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。注意注意wash,clean,cook,iron,sell,cut,read,wear,draw,write,drive,open等等与与well，easily连用时；连用时；weigh表称重时无被动。表称重时无被动。This sweater washes well.The pen writes smoothly.The kind of computer sells well in China.3.表示状态的动词不能用被动语态。表示状态的动词不能用被动语态。I like pop songs
9、 and often listen to them.He has a big house near the river.You can depend on her to deal with the situation.4连系动词连系动词look,sound,smell,taste,feel,seem,appear,go,grow,come true,fall ill,turn out等无被动等无被动.5be(well)worthdoing值得做值得做 The novel is worth reading again.6.need（want/require/demand/deserve）+doi
10、ng=need（want/require/demand/deserve）+to be done 需要做需要做我的手表需要修理。我的手表需要修理。My watch needs repairing/to be repaired.7.主语主语beadj.to do的结构中，的结构中，动词不定式常用主动结构表被动含义，动词不定式常用主动结构表被动含义，这些表语形容词有这些表语形容词有hard,difficult,easy,fit,necessary,dangerous,comfortable,heavy等。等。The problem is hard _(solve).8.有些不定式，如：有些不定式，如
11、：be to blame/let/rent等常用主动结构表示被动含义。等常用主动结构表示被动含义。The taxi is to rent.to solve 感官动词或使役动词感官动词或使役动词使用省略使用省略to的的动词不定式，主动语态中不带动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变，但变为被动语态时，须加上为被动语态时，须加上to。make somebody do something somebodybemade to do somethingI often hear the girl play the piano in the afternoon.The girl is often heard
12、to play the piano in the afternoon.如果是接如果是接双宾语双宾语的动词改为被动语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语态时，直接宾语(物物)作主语，那么动词作主语，那么动词后要用介词后要用介词(to/for)，这个介词是由与，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。其搭配的动词决定。My father bought me a new bike.I was bought a new bike by my father.A new bike was bought for me by my father.Our teacher often tells us some interes
13、ting stories in English.We are often told some interesting stories in English.Some interesting stories are often told to us in English.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动动词短语应当看作一个整体词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。其中的介词或副词。The nurse is taking care of the sick man.The sick man is being taken care of by the
14、 nurse.在被动语态中，有时在被动语态中，有时get可用来代替可用来代替be，如，如get changed、get dressed和和get hurt等。等。My bike got stolen last night.Youd better get changed quickly,as the party will begin soon.The eggs seem to have got broken.一些特殊的被动语态句型：一些特殊的被动语态句型：It+动词的被动语态形式动词的被动语态形式+that 引导的引导的从句从句It is said that he will recover so
15、on.It is believed that the three missing sailors have drowned.主语主语+动词的被动语态形式动词的被动语态形式+动词不定动词不定式式The Sun was once thought to travel around the Earth.常用于这类句型的动词有常用于这类句型的动词有say、believe、report、suppose、know和和prove等。等。Read the information on page 49 and complete the report on the event.Answers:1._ 2._3._
16、4._5._ 6._7._ 8._9._10._are beingthe Electric Wear Companybeen developedwas inventedare usedbeen completedwill be producedwill bebeen announcedare cleaned/can be cleaned1.情态动词的被动语态形式可用于谈论情态动词的被动语态形式可用于谈论能力、可能性、职责和允诺等。能力、可能性、职责和允诺等。Firefighters could be trained using RealCine.2.情态动词的被动语态形式的构成是情态动词的被动
17、语态形式的构成是在情态动词后加在情态动词后加be和过去分词。和过去分词。Computer can work out the position of the user at any time.The position of the user can be worked out at any time.情态动词情态动词+不带不带to的动词不定式的动词不定式情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词过去分词Read the table on page 50 and note the use of these modal verbs in the active and passive voices.Read t
18、he first report on page 50 and complete the second.Answers:1._ 2._3._ 4._5._can be reducedmust be takenmust be wornmay becomeought to be reducedSome verbs are often used in the passive voice and function like adjectives.e.g.The children are getting excited about the coming holiday.Dont you get tired
19、 of arguing about the same thing all the time?Look at the timeline showing the history of Napster and complete the article on page 51.Answers:1._ 2._3._ 4._5._ 6._7._ 8._bored withinterested inwas foundedwere employedwas surprised atwas accused ofwas closed downwas purchased用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。用括号中所给动词的
20、适当形式填空。1 By the time we arrived (arrive)last night,the children had been put (put)to bed.2 Great changes have taken place (take place)in this town since we left (leave).3 The priceless necklace must have been stolen (must steal)when the house was being painted (paint).4 The animals are fed (feed)at
21、the same time every morning.5 The water felt (feel)cold when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.6 The two pens both write (write)smoothly.Either will do.7 A new library is being built (build)in our city now.8 So far,many man-made satellites have been sent (send)up into space.9 In some parts
22、 of the world,tea is served(serve)with milk and sugar.10 An accident happened (happen)on this road last week.单句改错单句改错1 The house has changed hands three times since it first built.2 While I was waiting for a bus,I was happened to see an old classmate of mine.3 Before men travelled in space,no one wa
23、s quite sure of the dangers that might be met there.4 The paintings cant have been hanged by an expert;they are still in my drawer.5 Some people hold the opinion that RealCine ought to not be developed further.6 I have a lot of homework to be done tonight.7 This book is belonged to my history teache
24、r.8 The music from upstairs is sounded beautiful.Who is playing the piano?按要求改写句子，每空一词。按要求改写句子，每空一词。1 Is tea grown in South China?(改为主动语态改为主动语态)_ people _ tea in South China?2 I am given a birthday present by my parents every year.(同义句转换同义句转换)A birthday present _ _ _ _ by my parents every year.3 The
25、 work is going to be finished in two days.(对划线部分提问对划线部分提问)How _ _ the work going to be finished?4 The children will sing an English song.(改为改为被动语态被动语态)An English song _ _ _ by the children.5 You neednt do it now.(改为被动语态改为被动语态)It _ _ _ now.6 People use metal for making machines.(改为改为被动语态被动语态)Metal _
26、_ _ making machines.7 He made me do that for him.(同上同上)I _ _ _ _ that for him.8 Did they build a bridge here a year ago?(改为改为被动语态被动语态)_ a bridge _ here a year ago?9 They have sold out the light green dresses.(改改为被动语态为被动语态)The light green dresses _ _ _ out.1.It remains _ whether Jimll be fit enough t
27、o play in the finals.A.seen B.to be seen C.seeing D.to see2.I dont suppose the police know who did it.Well,surprisingly they do.A man has been arrested and _ now.A.has been questioned B.is being questioned C.is questioning D.has questioned3.Your job _ open for your return.Thanks.A.will be kept B.wil
28、l keep C.had kept D.had been kept4.Tom sounds very much _ in the job,but Im not sure whether he can manage it.A.interestedB.interesting C.interestingly D.interestedly5.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt6.
29、Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture,but when and where _ yet.A.hasnt been decided B.havent decided C.isnt being decided D.arent decided7.Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York?I agree,but the problem is _ he has refused to.A.will not be sent;that B.n
30、ot be sent;that C.should not be sent;what D.should not send;what8._ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.A.What is requiredB.What requires C.It is requiredD.It requires Homework1.Review what we learned today.2.Finish exercises on Page 108 of the Workbook.3.Preview Task.