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1、一、一、It用作实词用作实词1.It的基本用法是用来指代上文所提到的事物的基本用法是用来指代上文所提到的事物,前文前文中的中的this，that。如：A:Pass me a blue pen.B:Here it is 2.指代不明身份或性别的人也用指代不明身份或性别的人也用it；指代喜爱的事物或宠物也可用she/he。A：Whos it(knocking at the door)?B:Its me.I didnt know it was you,comrade Lenin.said the guard.Look that lovely baby in the cradle!Oh,dear.It
2、 is crying.3.it可用来指代团体。如：可用来指代团体。如：Thecommitteehasmetandithasrejectedtheproposal.二、虚义二、虚义it：1).虚义虚义it指用作没有具体语义的主语，如表示时间、指用作没有具体语义的主语，如表示时间、天气、距离、温度等概念的用法天气、距离、温度等概念的用法。ItiscoolerinTianjinthaninBeijing.Itisonlyabouthalfanhoursridefromheretomyhome.it也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况。如：也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况。如：1）ItsawfulIvegotso
3、muchworkIdontknowwheretostart.2）Takeiteasy.二）、二）、It用作形式主语用作形式主语替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。词置于句尾。1.代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为（1）Itbeadj.（forsb.）todosth.此处此处adj.通常为描述事件的形容词通常为描述事件的形容词：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossib
4、le，likely，unlikely，right，wrong，例例Itisillegal（forateenager）todriveacarwithoutalicense.（2）Itbeadj.ofsb.todosth.此处此处adj.通常为描述人的形容词通常为描述人的形容词：kind，unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，thoughtful，thoughtless，careful，careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever，wise，crazy.例例Itskindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.2.It替代
5、作主语的动名词的常见句型替代作主语的动名词的常见句型Itsuseless/nogood/use/sense/doingIts（well）worthdoingIts（well）worthoneswhiledoing/todoIts（well）worthwhiledoing/todo例例Itsnousecryingoverspiltmilk.3.It替代作主语的从句常见句型替代作主语的从句常见句型（1）Itbe+noun+从句从句It+be+awonder/anhonor/agoodthing/afact/asurprise/goodnews+that从句从句Itisafactthat事实是事实是
6、Itisaquestionthat是个问题是个问题Itisgoodnewsthat是好消息是好消息Itiscommonknowledge是常识是常识注意：注意：Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat+(should)do表示出乎意料表示出乎意料“竟然竟然”，(2)It+be+形容词形容词+that从句从句Itislikelythathewillcometoseemetomorrow.注意：注意：Itisimportant/natural/necessary/strangethat+(should)+V原原形形例例Itsimportantthatyoushouldapolog
7、izetoherforyourrudeness.（=Itsofmuchimportancethatyoushouldapologizetoherforyourrudeness.）（3）Itverbsb.+clause=Itisv-ing+clauseIt+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/angersb.that例例Itworriedmethatshedrovesofast.（=Itwasworryingthatshedrovesofast.
8、）（4）Itverb（tosb.）that=sb/sthverbtodo（verb=appear，seem，comeabout，emerge，follow，chance，happen，occur，transpire，turnout，workout）例例It（so）happened/chancedthattheywereout.（=Theyhappened/chancedtobeout.）（5）Itbev-edthat=sb/sthisv-edtodo（verb=say，report，think，believe，hope，expect，agree，accept，decide，determine，
9、intend，plan，understand，know）例例Itissaidthatthecouplehavegottendivorced.（=Thecouplearesaidtohavegottendivorced.）（6）Itbev-edthat（should）（verb=demand，command,request，require，order，insist,suggest，advise，recommend,propose,desire例例Itissuggestedthattheyshouldbeginwiththethirdquestion.（7）.Ittakessb.todo（=sbt
10、akestodo）例例Ittookthemenaweektomendourroof.（=Thementookaweektomendourroof.）（8）.Its（just）（）（un）likesb.todo（不）（不）像某人做某事的风格像某人做某事的风格例例Itwas（just）likehimtothinkofhelpingus.3).It作形式宾语作形式宾语用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。句尾。It作形式宾语的常见句型：作形式宾语的常见句型：1.
11、verb+it+adj./noun（for/of）todo/clause（verb=think，believe，suppose，consider，feel，make，find,keep）但但verb+it+nouse/good/sense/useless/awasteoftimedoing2.verb+it+as+noun/adj.+clause（verb=accept，regard，take，see，view）例例Thelecturertakesitasencouragingwhensomanystudentsattendhislecture.3.谓语动词谓语动词appreciate，dis
12、like，hate，like，love等后接由等后接由if或或when等引导的从句时，往往等引导的从句时，往往从句前加形式宾语从句前加形式宾语it.take/have（认为，理解），（认为，理解），hide（隐瞒）等后接由（隐瞒）等后接由that引导的宾语从句时，往引导的宾语从句时，往往从句前加上形式宾语往从句前加上形式宾语it.例如：例如：Itakeitthatyoudisagreewithme.例如：例如：Theboylikesitwhenhespraisedbeforeguests.IhateitwhenIhavetospeakinFrenchonthephone.Itakeitthat
13、youdisagreewithme.4.v.+it+prep.+thatIt用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面，宾语从句用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面，宾语从句紧跟紧跟it之后（之后（exceptthat例外）例外）例例Imforitthatyouwillfollowtheiradvice这种用法的有词组这种用法的有词组countonthat(指望）指望）,thereisnodoubtaboutitthat(毫无疑问），毫无疑问），answerforitthat(负责，保证），负责，保证），dependonitthat(依依赖，依靠赖，依靠,相信），相信），insistonitthat(坚持）
14、，坚持），seetoitthat(注意使注意使，务必使，务必使）。oweittosb.that(把把归功于归功于)leaveittosb(把把留给留给某人去做某人去做)takeitforgrantedthat(想当然想当然)keepitinmindthat在这几个词组中只能用在这几个词组中只能用that引导的句子，并且引导的句子，并且that不可以省略。不可以省略。.三三it重要句型重要句型1.It+be+时间时间+since-clause主句多用主句多用一般现在时一般现在时，从句用，从句用一般过去时一般过去时，如，如果表示过去的情况，主句用果表示过去的情况，主句用一般过去时一般过去时，从句，
15、从句用用过去完成时过去完成时EX.It _three years since his father passed away.(从现在算起从现在算起)It _ 10 years since they married.(从现在算从现在算起起)It _ 10 years since she had left Shanghai.(从过去算起从过去算起)30 years _ since we joined the Party.isiswashas passed2.It+be+时间时间+before-clause这句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语这句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语。主。主句中的谓语
16、动词用肯定式，意为句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为“过多长时间才过多长时间才.”。主句的谓语动词是否定式时，意为。主句的谓语动词是否定式时，意为“没过没过多长时间就多长时间就.”、“不久就不久就”。主句的时态。主句的时态可用可用过去时过去时was/wasnt或将来时或将来时will be/wont be；用；用was 时，时，before从句的动词用从句的动词用一般过去时一般过去时；用；用will be 时，时，before从句常用从句常用一般现在时一般现在时。It _not long before she learned those poems by heart.It _hours before
17、 he makes a decision.It will not be hours before we meet again.waswill be3.It+be+时间时间+when-clause这句型中这句型中,it 指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词有介词(时间一般为具体时间时间一般为具体时间)。主句中的谓语动。主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的时态上一般是一致的，主句是主句是will be，when从句用从句用一般现在时代一般现在时代替将来替将来时。时。Eg.It _already 8 oclock when we
18、got home.It was the next morning when we finished our work.It _midnight when they get there.waswill be4.强调句型强调句型Itis/was+被强调部分被强调部分+that（who）强调句型强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用部分是人时也可以用who.在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点：在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点：1).请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句例例Whenwasitthathechanged
19、hismindtotakepartintheactivity？2).在强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由在强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导的从句所引导的从句例例Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidntcometoschoolyesterday.3）在强调）在强调notuntil结构时必须把结构时必须把not与与until一一起放到被强调的位置上起放到被强调的位置上例例ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasmybrother.4）注意强调句型与定语从句）注意强调句型与定语从句,状语从句的
20、区别状语从句的区别例例Itwasat7oclock_hecamehereyesterday.Itwas7oclock_hecamehereyesterday.Itwastheplace_hewasborn.Itwasintheplace_thathewasborn.thatwhenwherethatEx.1.It was at six oclock in the morning _ he got to a far-away village2.It was six oclock in the morning _ he got to a far-away village.3.It has been
21、 2 years _ I came to study in this school 4.It was evening _ the man arrived at the farmers house.5.It was in the evening _ the man arrived there.6.It was in the evening _ we stayed in a village _ we chatted a lot about our life and study.thatwhensincewhenthatwhenthat5.It+is+(high/about)time+that+di
22、d/should do6.It/This/That+is+the first(second,third)time+that+have doneIt/This/That+was+thefirst(second,third)time+that+haddone7.When it comes to sb/sth 当当谈及谈及.时，当涉及时，当涉及时时When it comes to environment pollution,different people have different ideas.When it comes to relationships,everyone makes mista
23、kes8.It takes sb some time to do sth It costs sb some money to do sth 9.if it were not for与现在事实相反，与现在事实相反，if it had not been for与过去事实相反，两个都与过去事实相反，两个都相当于相当于but for：10.ItdoesntmatterItdoesntmattertoomuchItdoesntmaketoomuchdifference+连接代词或连接副词引导连接代词或连接副词引导(whether/if)的的从句。从句。It常用的固定搭配常用的固定搭配1.makeit（1
24、）在口语当中相当于）在口语当中相当于succeed，表示：成功、，表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达做到、说定、赶上、及时到达例例Itshardtomakeittothetopinshowbusiness.（2）在口语中相当于）在口语中相当于fixthedatefor，表示，表示“约约定好时间定好时间”例例Shallwemeetnextweek？OK.WejustmakeitnextSaturday.2.asitis（1）相当于）相当于infact，inreality表示表示“事实上，实事实上，实际情况是际情况是”例例Wehadplanedtofinishthetasktoday，buta
25、sitisweprobablywontfinishituntilnextweek.（2）相当于方式状语从句，表示）相当于方式状语从句，表示“照原样照原样”例例Leavethetableasitis.3.asitwere相当于相当于asonemightsay，thatistosay，表示，表示“也就是说，可以说，换句话说也就是说，可以说，换句话说”例例Heis，asitwere，amodernSherlockHolmes.4.thatsit（1）相当于）相当于Thatsall.Thatssomuch.表示表示“至此为止，没有别的了至此为止，没有别的了”例例Youcanhaveonemoreswe
26、et，andthatsit.（2）相当于）相当于Thatsright.表示表示“对啦对啦”例例Iguessthekeytotheproblemisthechoice“A”Thatsit.5.Worthit在口语中，相当于在口语中，相当于useful，表示，表示“有好处，值得做有好处，值得做”例例Donthesitateaboutit！Itsworthit.6.Believeitornot.表示表示“信不信由你信不信由你”例例Believeitornot，TomisgettingmarriedtoMarynextSunday.7.Takeitorleaveit.v.要么接受要么放弃要么接受要么放
27、弃例例Thatismylastoffer.Youcantakeitorleaveit.8.Italldepends/thatalldepends在口语中，相当于在口语中，相当于ithasntbeendecidedyet，表示表示“那得看情况，还没有定下来那得看情况，还没有定下来”Areyougoingtothecountrysideforholiday？It/Thatalldepends.9.Itsuptosb.在口语中，相当于在口语中，相当于itsdecidedbysb.表示表示“由由决定，由决定，由负责，取决于负责，取决于”例例Shallwegooutfordinner？Itsuptoyo
28、u.10.Asitturnedout，在口语中，相当于在口语中，相当于itwasfoundtobeintheend，表示，表示“最后被证明是最后被证明是”例例Asitturnedout，hisstatementwasfalse.1.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar_hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then2.Is_necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he3.Idontthink_possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewith
29、outmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it4.Does_matterifhecantfinishthejobontime?ACDDA.thisB.thatC.heD.it5.Itwasnot_shetookoffherglasses_Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when,thatB.until,thatC.until,thatD.when,then6.Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm.Ihadexpected_tobemuchbetter.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it7.Itwasno
30、tuntil1920_regularradiobroadcastsbegan.A.while B.which C.thatD.since8._isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It BDCD9.It was only when I reread this poems recently _ I began to appreciate their beauty.A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so10.I hate _when people talk with t
31、heir mouths full.A.it B.thatC.theseD.them 11.It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are.A.oneB.thatC.what D.itBAB1.Someone is ringing the bell.Go and see_.A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is2._ from Beijing to London!(NMET1990)A.How long way it is B
32、.What long way is itC.How long way is it D.What a long way it is 3.It is 3 years _ he joined the army.It will be 3 years _ we meet again.A.before B.after C.since D.when4.What was the party like？Wonderful！Its been years _ I enjoyed myself so much A.after B.when C.before D.Since 5.It was for this reas
33、on _ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village A.which B.why C.that D.How6.It was not until 1920 _ regular radio broadcasts began.A.while B.which C.that D.since 7.It was not _ she took off her glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star.A.when,that B.until,when C.until,
34、that D.when,then8.Was it the house _ Abraham Lincoln was born?A.that B.where C.which D.both A and B9.Was it in the house _ Abraham Lincoln was born?A.that B.where C.which D.both A and B10._ is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month AIt BAs CThat DWhatIt _.What _.11.Was
35、it on her way home _she was robbed _her wallet?A.when,ofB.that,off C.where,ofD.that,ofis known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month12._ the people have become the master of their own countryscience can really serve the people.A.It is only then；thatB.It was that；when C.It is only when；thatD.It was when；then