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1、第1页/共50页串联要素法 写作方法串联要素法 记叙文的概要,一般包括记叙文的六个要素(who;when;where;what;how;why),也就是考生应先通读阅读短文，找出这六个要素,然后用自己的话将这六个要素串成一两句话即可。第2页/共50页 当然,不一定每篇记叙文都包含这六个要素,但“某人做了某事,结果如何”是应当包括的。因此,要写好概要,须找到以下两个问题的答案：(1)谁做了什么？(who did what)(2)结果如何？(what was the result)如果是夹叙夹议的文章,还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育。第3页/共50页例1(2011年广东)阅读下面短文,然后按要
2、求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。When Samfirst got to his boarding school with his parents,he was very happy.He thought he would be able to go home every weekend.When he was told he would not,he started crying because the thought of not seeing his parents was driving him crazy.第4页/共50页He was given uniforms and all o
3、ther things that he would need for the term.He started crying when it was time for his parents to leave.He was then taken to the dorm,where he saw other children happy.He tried as much as he could to fit in but could not because his mind was at home.He started feeling homesick(想家)and wanted to go ho
4、mes as soon as possible.第5页/共50页 He got sick soon because he could not eat the school food.He could not concentrate in the classroom.All he could think was being at home with his family.He had no mobile phone or other means to get in touch with his parents.He was angry and felt lonely.He thought his
5、 parents hated him and that was why they left him in a boarding school.写作内容1.以约30个词概括上文的主要内容；2.以约120个词讲述一次你(或你的朋友)想家的经历。第6页/共50页解题过程第一步,根据写作内容2,快速获取大意。解题前,可以通过写作内容2和材料文体,快速准确地把握阅读材料的主要内容并形成概要的基本框架。如本题阅读写作内容2,并扫视材料可知是记叙文,于是可推知,本文的概要框架应是：Sam想家的时间、地点、原因、影响和结果。第7页/共50页第二步：阅读材料，回答以下两个问题。(1)谁做了什么？Sam got
6、to a boarding school and he felt homesick.(2)结果如何？He got sick.He was angry with his parents and felt lonely.第8页/共50页第三步：用自己的话将其串联起来。参考范文如下：范文1：Sam could not get used to the life of the boarding school,and he thought his parents hated him and left him in it,which made him sick,angry and lonely.范文2：In
7、 the passage,the writer talks about Sams experience of homesickness.He suffered a lot and felt dissatisfied with his parents after being left in a boarding school.第9页/共50页例2(2011年广州一模)阅读下面短文,然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。内容略写作内容1.以约30个词概括这篇演讲稿的主要内容；2.然后以约120个词写一篇读后感,说明“诚信的重要性”。第10页/共50页解题过程 第一步,根据写作内容2,快速获取大意
8、。写作内容2说明“诚信的重要性”，扫读原文可以发现该文章是夹叙夹议的记叙文,那么我们可以形成概要框架:作者讲述了一个故事来说明诚信的重要性。这样,就有了方向和思路了。第11页/共50页第二步：阅读材料,回答以下三个问题。(1)谁做了什么？The writer tells a story of an overseas Chinese student.The student had been caught without a ticket in the subway three times.(2)结果如何？He was not even allowed the chance for an inte
9、rview.(3)说明了什么？Honesty is the best policy.第12页/共50页第三步：用自己的话将其串联起来。参考范文如下：范文1：Today I read an instructive speech,in which the speaker argues honesty is the best policy by telling the story of an overseas Chinese student who couldnt find a job because of dishonesty.第13页/共50页范文2：The writer tells a sto
10、ry about a Chinese student with an excellent academic achievement couldnt find a job in Germany because of his dishonesty to skip the subway tickets,which shows honesty is the best policy.第14页/共50页练习1：阅读下面的短文，然后以约30个词概括这篇短文的主要内容。短文略 The author happened to pick up an umbrella on a bus and tried to fi
11、nd its owner.She was pleased to find the owner and also got a job offered by the owner of the umbrella.第15页/共50页练习2：阅读下面的短文,然后以约30个词概括这篇短文的主要内容。短文略 (范文1)In the passage the writer uses the story of the award-winning farmer who shares his best corn deed with his neighbours to teach us that we all can
12、benefit when we co-operate and share with each other.第16页/共50页(范文2)The writer teaches us that we all benefit more when we co-operate and share with each other by telling the story of the award-winning farmer who shares his corn seeds with his neighbours.第17页/共50页作业1：阅读下面短文,然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。On a rec
13、ent Sunday,I was buying groceries in a supermarket when I heard the sound of a car accident.It was close but not very close,so I continued shopping.As I took a right turn on Munadhama Street,I saw a man lying on the ground in a small pool of blood.He wasnt dead.第18页/共50页 The idea of stopping to help
14、 or to take him to a hospital crossed my mind,but I didnt dare.Cars passed without stopping.Pedestrians and shop owners kept doing what they were doing,pretending nothing had happened.I was still looking at the wounded man and blaming myself for not stopping to help.Other shoppers peered at him from
15、 a distance,sorrowful and sympathetic,but did nothing.第19页/共50页 I went on to another grocery store,staying for about five minutes while shopping for tomatoes,onions and other vegetables.During that time,the man managed to sit up and wave to passing cars.No one stopped.No one did anything.No one lift
16、ed a finger.The wounded died alone in the street.The only reaction came from a woman in the grocery store.In a low voice,she said,“My God,bless his soul.”An offer of aid could have saved the mans life.第20页/共50页作业1：From the passage we know that the author witnessed a car accident and found no one hel
17、ped the injured man.As a result,the man died on the street,which made the author feel guilty.第21页/共50页作业2：阅读下面短文,然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。短文略作业2：The writer tried to tell us the importance of setting goals through a beavers story.After the beaver built a house for the winter,it set another goal to chew down
18、 a big tree and succeeded by working hard.第22页/共50页第23页/共50页 我们根据说明文的不同类型,分别给出三种参考模板：1.描写某事物的性质功用。即“对象+性质功用+利好”：(In the passage)the writer introduces.(对象)to us,especially its.(性质或功用),from which we know.(对象带来的利好).第24页/共50页2.针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。即“问题+解决方法”：The passage tells us.(问题),including.(方法1),.(方法2)an
19、d.(方法3).第25页/共50页3.介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即“现象+原因+结果”：(The author/writer said/talks about).(现象)of.,because/but.(原因/本质1),and.(原因/本质2).在高考读写任务中,多为说明某种社会现象的说明文。第26页/共50页阅读下面短文,然后以约30个词概括这段短文的内容。Eye care is an important factor in all of our lives.Without eyes,we seem to be able to do nothing.But,what can we do to
20、 take care of eyes?Firstly,we should eat healthy foods.Secondly,dont sit before a computer screen or TV for too long time and take regular rest at intervals so as to relax the eye muscles.Thirdly,having enough sleep is the best rest for eyes.第27页/共50页 Besides those notices,you should be aware of som
21、e threats to eyes in daily lives.Excessive exposure to bright sunlight is harmful to eyes,therefore,when going out,especially in summer time,put on a pair of qualified sunglasses.Stay away from smoking.Some ingredients in cigarettes are carcinogenesis(致癌的).第28页/共50页 Last but not least,take regular m
22、edical examines to check out the potential eye disease and prevent its deterioration(退化).Eyes are the most important sense organs and one should use proper eye care products to avoid further irritations(刺激)and ensure longevity at ease.第29页/共50页解题过程 本文在指出眼睛重要后,紧接着提出问题“为保护眼睛,我们可以做些什么呢”,然后分三点说明应该做些什么。因
23、此,我们可以套用“问题+解决方法”模式：Our eyes are important for us,so the author tells us how to take care of our eyes,including eating healthy food,giving them enough time to rest,knowing some threats,and taking frequent eye examinations.第30页/共50页练习1：阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。短文略 (“对象+性质功能+利好”模式)The writer introduce
24、s the idea of a balloon robot,especially how it helps to guide people to their destination without being connected to the Internet,from which we know it may become popular in the future.第31页/共50页练习2：阅读下面短文,然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。短文略 (“问题+解决方法”模式)The passage tells us how to be a good friend,including list
25、ening more to friends talking,offering help when necessary,staying with them and making plans together.第32页/共50页练习3：阅读下面短文,然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。短文略(“现象+原因”模式)The author talks about the popularity of advertisements,because they can bring convenience to people but the negative effects should not be ignor
26、ed.第33页/共50页作业1：阅读下面短文,然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。短文略 The passage introduces some examples to show that chemistry is everywhere in our life,especially its good effects,from which we know we should understand it more to help ourselves live better.(对象+功能)第34页/共50页作业2：阅读下面短文,然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。短文略The passage tel
27、ls us how to stay healthy with our pets,including washing hands often,wearing gloves while cleaning the pets or their cages,taking them for examinations regularly and giving them proper food,etc.(问题+解决方法)第35页/共50页作业3：阅读下面短文,然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。短文略 The passage said Chinese Education Ministry has paid c
28、lose attention to self-protection education among school students because some knowledge about self-protection may help one survive in case of emergency.(现象+原因)第36页/共50页第37页/共50页 议论文通常包括论点、论据和结论,因此写议论文的概要主要是找出主题句(the topic sentences)、支撑句(supporting sentences)和结论句(conclusion sentences)。其中最主要的是找准主题句。概
29、要模板：论点+论据(+结论)第38页/共50页(2011珠海一模)阅读下面短文,然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times.Many years ago,people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early,we would be energetic the whole day.So,getting up early is of great importance to us all.第39页/共
30、50页In fact,morning is the best time of a day.In the morning,the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions.Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than any other time of the day.If we do some morning exercise
31、or only take a short walk in the morning,we can build our bodies and become much healthier.第40页/共50页Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early.However,if we get up late,we will probably have to do everything in a great hurry.Let us
32、remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it.If we stick to getting up early every day,we will certainly benefit a lot from it.第41页/共50页解题过程第一步，根据文体,找出要点。略读短文,本文是典型的议论文,第一段为议点,第二、三自然段为论据,最后一段为结论,首尾呼应。论点、论据和结论分别为：第42页/共50页论论点点Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit
33、论论据据(1)we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning(2)build our bodies and become much healthier(3)have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day结结论论getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it第43页/共50页第二步,用自己的话将其表达出来。参考范文为：(范文1)T
34、he passage mainly tells us getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot.It enables us to have a better memory,healthier body and better preparation for the day.第44页/共50页 (范文2)The passage tries to tell us that getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will ben
35、efit us a lot,including a better memory,healthier body and better preparation for the day.(范文3)The passage tells us that getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot.It enables us to have a better memory,healthier body and better preparation for the day.第45页/共50页阅读下面短文,
36、然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。短文略Communication skills play an increasingly important role in our modern society.It is easier for a good communicator to expresses himself and persuades others to accept his ideas,so he is often a leader.第46页/共50页作业1：阅读下面短文,然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。短文略 The author holds the view that news
37、papers still play an important part in our lives,and lists some advantages of newspapers,although the new media like TV and the Internet are becoming more and more popular.第47页/共50页作业2：阅读下面短文,然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。短文略 A good education plays an essential part in ones life,which can release our potential and help us gain better-paid jobs.Therefore,everyone is supposed to receive higher education.第48页/共50页第49页/共50页感谢您的观看！第50页/共50页