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1、 study EnglishHow long have you been studying English?I have been studying English for two years.(2009-now)2009started studying English2012studying2 yearshas been studyingWhen did you start studying English?In 2009.第1页/共44页现在完成时现在完成时PresentperfecttensePresentperfecttense构成:助动词助动词have/has+过去分词过去分词1.肯
2、定句肯定句 现在完成时的肯定句式是现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）过去分词）过去分词”。注意：该句式中的注意：该句式中的have或或has是助动词是助动词，has用于第三人用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用称单数，其它人称一律用have。eg.He has eaten supper.They have eaten supper.第2页/共44页2.疑问句疑问句现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词havehave或或hashas提到主语之前。提到主语之前。(回答用回答用“YesYes，-have/has-have/has“NoNo，-haven-haven
3、t/hasnt/hasnt t”）3.否定句否定句：现在完成时的否定句式是现在完成时的否定句式是“havent/hasnthavent/hasnt过去分过去分词词”。eg.Has he eaten supper?Yes,he has./No,he hasnt.eg.He hasnt eaten supper.They havent eaten supper.第3页/共44页现在完成时态的分类现在完成时态的分类用法一、1。表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,（强调结果现在还存在）例如Ihavejustcleanedmyclothes.我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造
4、成的结果是“衣服干净了”）Ihavejusthadmybreakfast.(对现在的影响：不饿)Hashehadhisbreakfast?Yes,hehas.Whendidhehavehisbreakfast?Hehadbreakfastat6:00.第4页/共44页1.Myfatherboughtmanybooksformeyesterday.Now,Ihavealottoreadbecause_2.Isawthisfilmlastweek.Now,IknowthisfilmbecauseI_.3.Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Now,Icangiveittotheteac
5、herbecauseI_my father has bought many books for me.have seen it beforehave done it.第5页/共44页通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just(谓语动词之前)（刚刚）,already（已经(肯定句)）,before,yet（一般疑问(句末）：已经；否定句：还）never,ever(疑问句)twice recently(近来）等状语连用 1 Tom has already finished his homework.Tom hasnt finished his homework yet.2 I have just
6、had my lunch.She hasnt seen you before.3 Have you ever eaten fish?I have never eaten fish I have never heard of that before.Have you ever ridden a horse?She has already finished the work.Have you milked the cow yet?Yes,I have done that already.Ive just finished my homework.He has not come yet.第6页/共4
7、4页Exercises1.I_(have)lunchalready.2.thetrain_(arrive)yet?3.Tom_never_(be)toChina.4.Thetwin_just_(see)myfather.5.Thetwins_(see)myfatherjustnow.6._youever_(ride)ahorse?Never.have hadHas arrivedhasbeenhasseensawhave ridden第7页/共44页7._ you _(clean)the room?Yes,we_(do)that already.When _ you _(do)it?We _(
8、do)it an hour ago.8._ he _(see)this film yet?No.When _ he _(see)it?He _ it tomorrow.9.How many times _you_(come)here?Once.Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseenwillseewill seehavecome第8页/共44页1你已经问过这个问题两边了，别再烦我了。2我能借你的字典用一下吗？对不起，已经借给tom了。3你以前见过她吗？不，从来没有过。4你曾经去过北京吗？是的我去过那儿三次。5你已经看完那本小说了吗？是的，我已经把它还给图书馆了。第
9、9页/共44页用法二用法二：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示示一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。A A 动词动词使用延续性动词使用延续性动词。B B 和表时间段的时间状语连用。和表时间段的时间状语连用。常与常与for或或since引导的时间连用引导的时间连用so far,up to/till now,in the last/past+一段时间，一段时间，all ones life,by now,these days,these days、for two years、since 1984、sin
10、ce he came here I havent seen her these days.She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago.They have lived here since 1990.What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?第10页/共44页注意：(1)since一段时间agofor时间段;sincetwoweeksago=fortwoweeks;Ihavekeptthelibrarybookforaweek.=Ihavekeptthelibrarybook
11、sinceaweekago.(2)since+时间点for时间段since2000=foryears(3)since+从句(常用一般过去时)TheGreenshavelivedinBeijingsincetheymovedtoBeijingfromParis(4)Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了.Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincemybrotherjoinedthearmy.第11页/共44页一、用for和since填空。_three hours_three oclock_two days_yesterday afternoon_I
12、 came here_last Sunday_a week_a long time_1997 _two weeks_three years ago _ last monthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince第12页/共44页用用forfor和和sincesince填空填空1.They have been learning Chinese _ they came to China.2.I havent seen her _ a long time.3.He has been living here _ 2001.4.She has
13、 been doing her homework _ two hours.5.Its 5 years _ we left school.6.How long has Mary been a teacher?_ two years ago.sinceforsinceforsinceSince第13页/共44页用for或since填空。1.JillhasbeeninIreland_Monday.2.JillhasbeeninIreland_threedays.3.MyaunthaslivedinAustralia_15days.4.Margaretisinheroffice.Shehasbeent
14、here_7oclock.5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry_1974.6.Thebusislate.Wevebeenwaiting_20minutes.7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenemptymanyyears.8.Mikehasbeenill_alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital_October9.Itstenyears_wemeteachotherlasttime.10.HehastaughtEnglish_25years.11.TheGreenshavelivedonthefarm_
15、1990.12.Theyhavebeenpracticingtheguitar_twohours.13.Howlonghaveyoubeenareporter?_8yearsago.14.Ihaventgoneforawalkinthepark_alongtime.15.Hesbeencollectingstamps_hewasinprimaryschool.16.Peterhasbeentosummercamp_3times.第14页/共44页1我自从上周三以来都没有看过电视了。2教室这么脏，谁没有扫？3我自从98年来这儿，一直在二中教英语。4她自从三岁开始一直在这儿住。5在刚刚过去的半年里
16、我已经教了许多好朋友。6你爸爸在那个工厂工作多久了？自从我们99年搬家来这儿。第15页/共44页三、非延续性动词与现在完成时短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come,die,fall,finish,get to know,go,join,leave,marry等。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等来代替非延续性动词。他入党五年了。He joined the Party five years ago.He has been in the Party for five years.H
17、e has been a Party member for five years.it is five years since he joined the Party电影开始五分钟了。The film began five minutes ago.The film has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film began第16页/共44页常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变第一类：动词be+adj.diefinishopen/closefallill/asleepmarrysb/ge
18、tmarriedto第二类：动词be+介词.start/beginleavejoin be deadbe away from be in/be a member ofbe open/closedbe onbe overbe ill/asleepbe married to第17页/共44页第三类：动词另一个动词buyborrowget/beginto延续性v.becomeputoneg.keephavebe延续性延续性v.wear第18页/共44页Hisfatherdied2yearsago.Thefootballmatchbeganat9:00a.m.Thetwinsjoinedthearmy
19、whentheywere18yearsold.MyteacherleftNanjing3daysago.His father has been dead for 2 years/since two years.The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.The twins have been soldiers/in the army、members of the army since they were 18years old.My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days/since 3 day
20、s ago.第19页/共44页巧记瞬间性动词的转换巧记瞬间性动词的转换“开始开始离离去去借借来来还还，出生出生入入死死买买到到家，家，穿衣穿衣入睡入睡要要感冒感冒，开开开开关关关关变变结束。结束。”1 beginbeon6 returnbeback2 leavebeawayfrom7 joinbein3 gobeoff8 diebedead4 borrowkeep9 buyhave5 comebehere10 arrivebehere10 reachbe here11put onwear13catch a coldhave a cold14openbe open15closebe closed
21、17end/finishbe over16becomebe12fall asleepbe asleep第20页/共44页,结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语arriveat/insp/getto/reachsp/come/go/movetospbeinsp/atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethereHegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.HeBeijingfor.2)ImovedtotheUSAin2008.ItheUSAsince.3)Iwenthomeyesterday.Ihomefor.4)Theycameh
22、erelastweek.They_heresince_.cometo/gobackto/returntobebacktogooutbeoutHecameouttwoyearsago.He_for_.2)WereturntoBeijingyesterday.We_toBeijingsince_.becomebeIbecameateacherin2000.I_ateacherfor_.2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriver_dirtyfor_.closebeclosedopenbeopenTheshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop_for
23、_.2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoor_forsixhours.第21页/共44页getupbeup;diebedead;leavesp.beawayfromsp.fallasleep/gettotsleepbeasleep;finish/endbeover;marrybemarried;1)Igotuptwohoursago.I_since_.2)HeleftShanghaijustnow.He_Shanghaiforfiveminutes.3)Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpa_for_.4)Themeetingfini
24、shedatsix.Themeeting_forsixhours.5)Igottosleeptwohoursago.I_since_.6)Theymarriedin1990.They_since_.start/begintodosth.dosth.;beginbeon1)Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.I_atthisschoolsince_.2)Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm_for_.第22页/共44页borrowkeep;losenothave;buyhave;putonwearcatch/getacoldhaveaco
25、ld;gettoknowknow1)Theyborroweditlastweek.They_itsince_.2)Iboughtapentwohoursago.I_apenfor_.3)Igottoknowhimlastyear.I_himsince_.4)Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.I_myglassesfor_.have/hasgonetohavebeeninHehasgonetoBeijing.He_Beijingfortwodays.jointheleague/theParty/thearmybealeaguemember/aPartymember/aso
26、ldierbeamemberoftheleague/thePartybeintheleague/theParty/thearmy1)Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.He_a_fortwoyears.He_a_the_fortwoyears.He_theleaguefortwoyears.2)Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.Mybrother_a_for_.Mybrother_in_fortwoyears.第23页/共44页注意点四：have been in,have been to 与have gone to 的用法1、have(has)be
27、en in 表示“在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：Mr.Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗来上海已经有三天了。They have been in Canada for five years.他们到加拿大有五年了。2、have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just,ever,never等连用，例如：I have just been to the post office.我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall.玛丽从
28、未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou before?你以前曾经去过杭州吗？Have(has)been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：They have been to that village several times.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。3、have(has)gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：-Where is Tom?-He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London.杰克.约翰逊到伦
29、敦去了。第24页/共44页have/has been to和和have/has gone to 的用法区别的用法区别 1“Have/has been to+地名地名”表示曾经去过某地，说话时已经回到说话地点，常与once、twice、ever、never等时间连用。2“have/has gone to+地名地名”表示去某地了，现在没有回答，人不在说话地点。巧记巧记：been to been to，gone togone to 意不同，两者用法要记清；意不同，两者用法要记清；have been tohave been to+地名，曾经到过某地行；地名，曾经到过某地行；have gone toha
30、ve gone to+地点，到某地去了一走远。地点，到某地去了一走远。用have/has been to和和have/has gone to填空Hi，Lucy，youeverBeijing？No，I.Whataboutyoursister，Lily？Oh，sheChengdu，shewillcomebacknextweek.Ok，thanks.Yourewelcome.have been to haventhas gone to用法四第25页/共44页,用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto及go的各种形式填空.1)WhereisJackHe_hiscountry.2)Da
31、vid_theparkjustnow.3)John_Englandsincehecameback.4)Howlong_they_thisvillage5)TheSmiths_Beijingforyears.6)_yingforyears.6)_youever_America-Yes,I_theremanytimes.7)I_thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.8)WhereisJimHe_thefarm.9)When_he_He_anhourago.10)Wouldyouliketo_tothezoowithme-Yes,butI_therebefore.11)Where
32、_you_now-I_tothezoo.12)Heoften_swimming.13)_you_therelastyear14)_theyoften_skatinginwinter第26页/共44页试一试，用所给词的正确形式填空1I（live）heresinceIwastenyearsold.2I（live）herein1998.3-youyourbreakfast？-Yes，Ihave.-Whenyouit？-30minutesago.注意现在完成时的几个特殊方面：（一）现在完成时与一般现在时的区别have livedlivedHave haddid have 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完
33、成的某一动作对现在产生现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用；而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现间状语连用；而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。一）现在完成时与一般现在时的句型转换eg：IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears-IstudiedEnglishthreeyearsago-ItisthreeyearssinceIstud
34、iedEnglish第27页/共44页注意点一：现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last night,two weeks ago等 试比较：The plane has arrived.飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）The plane arrived a quarter ago.飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）I have taught here for f
35、ifteen years.我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）I taught here for a year.我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）第28页/共44页用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列句子。1.Mary _(lose)her pen._ you _(see)it here and there?2._ you _(find)your watch yet?3.-Are you thirsty?-NO,I _ just _(have)some orange.4.We _already _(return)the book.
36、5._ they _(build)a new school in the village?6.-Has Tom taught you English?-Yes,he _(teach)us English for two years.7.I _(not finish)my homework yet.Can you help me?8.What _ they _(do)with the newspaper?They have read them.9.-The door is open.Who _(open)it?Do you know?-Sorry,I dont know.10.My father
37、 _(read)the novel twice.11.Wu Dong _(be)a soldier for one year.12.The students _(study)in the middle school since last month.13.How long _ you _(know)him?14.Mike _(make)quite a few friends since he came to China.15.I _(give)my friend a nice book recently.16.Li Ping and Wu Dong _(see)the old man thre
38、e times.17._ she ever _(teach)you English?18.These children _(stay)in the park for two hours.第29页/共44页1.A：你收集贝壳有多长时间了？：你收集贝壳有多长时间了？B:自从我上中学以来。自从我上中学以来。A：How long _ you _ _ shells?B：_ I _ to middle school.2.我滑冰已有五个小时了。我滑冰已有五个小时了。I _ _ _ _ 5 hours.3.A:这是你首次参加滑冰马拉松吗这是你首次参加滑冰马拉松吗?B:不不,去年我参加过。去年我参加过。A:Wa
39、s this your _ _ _?B:No，I _ in a _ last year.4.A:你什么时候得到第一双溜冰鞋？你什么时候得到第一双溜冰鞋？B:3年前。年前。A:When did you _ your first _ _ _?B:Three years ago.5.A:他游泳有多长时间了？他游泳有多长时间了？B:他已游了半小时了。他已游了半小时了。A:How long _ he _ _?B:He _ _ _ _ half an hour.have been collectingSince wenthave been skating forfirst skating marathon
40、skated marathonget pair of skateshas been swimminghas been swimming for第30页/共44页6.6.你上网多久了你上网多久了?7.7.我上网三小时了。我上网三小时了。8.8.你什么时候开始集邮的？你什么时候开始集邮的？9.9.我五年前开始集邮的。我五年前开始集邮的。10.10.他收集贝壳十年了。他收集贝壳十年了。How long have you been surfing the Internet?Ive been surfing the Internet for three hours.When did you start
41、collecting stamps?I started collecting stamps five years ago.He has been collecting shells for ten years.第31页/共44页11、他一直在这条街住了近、他一直在这条街住了近20年了。年了。12、我打扫房间已经扫了、我打扫房间已经扫了3个小时了。个小时了。13、自从、自从4岁起我就一直学英语。岁起我就一直学英语。14、你六点起就一直在给他讲电话？、你六点起就一直在给他讲电话？15、雨下多久了？、雨下多久了？I have been cleaning the room for three hour
42、s.He has been living in the street for about 20 years.Ive been studying English since I was 4 years old.Have you been talking with him on the phone since 6:00 p.m.?How long has it been raining?第32页/共44页1.Shes_(live)hereeversinceshewasten.2.Bothofthem_(be)inHongkongfortendays.3.Bothofthem_(come)toHon
43、gkongtendaysago.4.Halfanhour_(pass)sincethetrain_(leave).5.Mary_(lose)herpen._you_(see)ithereandthere6._you_(find)yourwatchyet7.-Areyouthirsty-NoI_just_(have)someorange.8.We-already_(return)thebook.9._they_(build)anewschoolinthevillage10.I_(notfinish)myhomework.Canyouhelpme11.Myfather_(read)thenovel
44、twice.12.I_(buy)abookjustnow.13.I_(lost)mywatchyesterday.14.Myfather_(read)thisbooksinceyesterday第33页/共44页句型转换。1、Hehasneversurfed,?（改成反意疑问句）2、Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(对划线部分提问)-havetheybeenhere?3、Theoldman_lastyear.Heforayear.(die)4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同义句转换)Thisfactory_fortwentyyears.
45、5、MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义句转换)MissGao_anhourago.6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同义句）Hermother_thePartythreeyears_.7、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同义句转换)_twoyears_theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.8、Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)_第34页/共44页1Hisfatherdiedtwo
46、yearsago.Hisfather_fortwoyears.2.Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears._threeyearssincehe_thearmy.3.Ibegantostudyatthisschoolfiveyearsago.I_atthisschool_fiveyears.4.HaveyouevervisitedBeijing?Haveyouever_?5.Iamateacher.Ibecameateacherfiveyearsago.I_forfiveyears.I_fiveyearsago.6.Iboughtthecarfiveyearsago.I_
47、thecarforfiveyears.7.Ihaveborrowedanewbookfromtheschoollibrary.I_anewbookfromtheschoollibraryfortwodays.8.Theboyhascomeback.Theboy_foranhour.9.Thefilmhasbegun.Thefilm_fiveminutes.10.Themaninahathasleft.Themaninahat_halfanhourago.11.Bothstudentshaventfinishedtheirhomework._finishedtheirhomework.第35页/
48、共44页动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种：原形+ed如：worked,passed词尾是e时，直接加d如：likedlived若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed。词尾为“元音字母+y”时，直接加d；如:playedstayedstudiedcried末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed.如：stoppeddropped动词的过去分词的规则变化第36页/共44页不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律巧记规律AAA:put put put letlet letABA:becomebecamebecomeAB
49、B:standstoodstoodABC:eat ateeaten第37页/共44页AAAcost-cost-costread-read-readput-put-putcut-cut-cutlet-let-letset-set-setbeat-beat-beathit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurtspit-spit-spitrid-rid-rid一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。第38页/共44页有些动词的过去分词与原
50、形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-comebecome-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABA第39页/共44页原型原型过去式过去式过去分词过去分词例词例词-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee-e-e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,