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1、现在完成时现在完成时 PresentperfecttensePresentperfecttense构成:助动词助动词have/has+过去分词过去分词1.肯定句肯定句 现在完成时的肯定句式是现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）过去）过去分词分词”。该句式中的该句式中的have或或has是助动词是助动词，has用于第用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。eg.He has eaten supper.They have eaten supper.eg.Has he eaten supper?eg.He hasnt eaten supper第2页/共48页现在完成
2、时态的分类现在完成时态的分类用法一、用法一、1。表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,（强调结果现在还存在）（强调结果现在还存在）-Its so dark.-Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑现在很黑Ihavejusthadmybreakfast.(对现在的影响：不对现在的影响：不饿饿)Hashehadhisbreakfast?Yes,heha
3、s.Whendidhehavehisbreakfast?Hehadbreakfastat6:00.第4页/共48页通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just(谓语动词之前谓语动词之前)（刚（刚刚）刚）,already（已经（已经(肯定句肯定句)）,before,yet（一般疑问（一般疑问(句末）句末）：已经；否定句：还）：已经；否定句：还）never,ever(疑问句疑问句)twice recently(近来）近来）等状语连用等状语连用 I have never heard of that before.Have you ever ridden a horse?
4、She has already finished the work.Have you milked the cow yet?Yes,I have done that already.Ive just finished my homework.He has not come yet.第6页/共48页Exercises1.I_(have)lunchalready.2.thetrain_(arrive)yet?3.Tom_never_(be)toChina.4.Thetwin_just_(see)myfather.5.Thetwins_(see)myfatherjustnow.6._youever_
5、(ride)ahorse?Never.have hadHas arrivedhasbeenhasseensawhave ridden第7页/共48页7._ you _(clean)the room?Yes,we_(do)that already.When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it an hour ago.8._ he _(see)this film yet?No.When _ he _(see)it?He _ it tomorrow.9.How many times _you_(come)here?Once.Havecleanedhave donediddodidHas
6、seenwillseewill seehavecome第8页/共48页用法二用法二：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示示一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。A A 动词动词使用延续性动词使用延续性动词。B B 和表时间段的时间状语连用。和表时间段的时间状语连用。常与常与for或或since引导的时间连用引导的时间连用so far,up to/till now,in the last/past+一段时间，一段时间，all ones life,by now,these days,、for two ye
7、ars、since 1984、since he came here I havent seen her these days.She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago.They have lived here since 1990.What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?第10页/共48页注意：注意：(1)since一段时间一段时间agofor时间时间段段;sincetwoweeksago=fortwoweeks;Ihavekeptthelibrarybookforaw
8、eek.=Ihavekeptthelibrarybooksinceaweekago.(2)since+时间点时间点for时间时间段段 since2000=for years(3)since+从句从句(常常用一般过去时用一般过去时)TheGreenshavelivedinBeijingsincetheymovedtoBeijingfromParis(4)Itis/hasbeen+一段时间一段时间 +since从句从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了自从某事发生已有一段时间了.Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincemybrotherjoinedthearmy.第11页/共48页一、用一、用
9、for和和since填空。填空。_three hours_three oclock_two days_yesterday afternoon_I came here_last Sunday_a week_a long time_1997 _two weeks_three years ago _ last monthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince第12页/共48页用用forfor和和sincesince填空填空1.They have been learning Chinese _ they came to China.2.I
10、havent seen her _ a long time.3.He has been living here _ 2001.4.She has been doing her homework _ two hours.5.Its 5 years _ we left school.6.How long has Mary been a teacher?_ two years ago.sinceforsinceforsinceSince第13页/共48页三、非延续性动词与现在完成时三、非延续性动词与现在完成时短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连
11、用，这些动词是：动词是：become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come,die,fall,finish,get to know,go,join,leave,marry等。等。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等来代替非延续性动词。等来代替非延续性动词。他入党五年了。他入党五年了。He joined the Party five years ago.He has been in the Party for five years.He has been a Party member for five yea
12、rs.it is five years since he joined the Party电影开始五分钟了。电影开始五分钟了。The film began five minutes ago.The film has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film began第16页/共48页常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变第一类第一类：动词：动词 be+adj.diefinishopen/closefallill/asleepmarrysb/getmarriedto第二类第二类：动词：动词
13、 be+介词介词.start/beginleavejoin be deadbe away from be in/be a member ofbe open/closedbe onbe overbe ill/asleepbe married to第17页/共48页第三类第三类：动词：动词 另一个动词另一个动词 buyborrowget/beginto延续性延续性v.becomeputoneg.keephavebe延续性延续性v.wear第18页/共48页Hisfatherdied2yearsago.Thefootballmatchbeganat9:00a.m.Thetwinsjoinedthea
14、rmywhentheywere18yearsold.MyteacherleftNanjing3daysago.His father has been dead for 2 years/since two years ago.The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.The twins have been soldiers/in the army、members of the army since they were 18years old.My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days/sinc
15、e 3 days ago.第19页/共48页巧记瞬间性动词的转换巧记瞬间性动词的转换“开始开始离离去去借借来来还还，出生出生入入死死买买到到家，家，穿衣穿衣入睡入睡要要感冒感冒，开开开开关关关关变变结束。结束。”1 beginbeon6 returnbeback2 leavebeawayfrom7 joinbein3 gobeoff8 diebedead4 borrowkeep9 buyhave5 comebehere10 arrivebehere10 reachbe here11put onwear13catch a coldhave a cold14 openbe open15closeb
16、e closed17end/finishbe over16 becomebeFall asleepbe asleep第20页/共48页closebeclosedopenbeopenTheshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop_for_.2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoor_forsixhours.join the league/the Party/the army be a league member/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be i
17、n the league/the Party/the army1)He joined the league in 2002.He _ a _ for two years.He _ a _ the _ for two years.He _ the league for two years.2)My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _a _ for _ _.My brother _ in _ for two years.第22页/共48页;die be dead;leave sp.be away from sp.fall aslee
18、p/get tot sleep be asleep;finish/end be over;marry be married;2)He left Shanghai just now.He _ _ _ Shanghai for five minutes.3)My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4)The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5)I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.6)They married
19、 in 1990.They _ _ _since _.第23页/共48页注意点四：注意点四：have been in,have been to 与与have gone to 的用法的用法1、have(has)been in 表示表示“在某地（多长时间）在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：示一段时间的状语连用。例如：Mr.Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗来上海已经有三天了。布朗来上海已经有三天了。They have been in Canada for five years.他们到加拿
20、大有五年了。他们到加拿大有五年了。2、have(has)been to表示表示“曾经去过某地曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与，现在已经不在那里了。可与just,ever,never等连用，例如：等连用，例如：I have just been to the post office.我刚才去邮局了。我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall.玛丽从未去过长城。玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou before?你以前曾经去过杭州吗？你以前曾经去过杭州吗？Have(has)been to 后面可接次数，
21、表示去过某地几次。例如：后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：They have been to that village several times.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。他们去过那个村庄好几次了。3、have(has)gone to 意为意为“到某地去了到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：-Where is Tom?-He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。他到书店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London.杰克杰克.约翰逊
22、到伦敦去了。约翰逊到伦敦去了。第27页/共48页,用have/has been to/in,have gone to及go的各种形式填空.1)Where is Jack He _ his country.2)David _ the park just now.3)John _ England since he came back.4)How long _ they _ this village 5)The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6)_ ying for years.6)_ you ever _ America-Yes,I _ there many times.7
23、)I _ this school since three years ago.8)Where is Jim He _ the farm.9)When_ he _ He _ an hour ago.10)Would you like to _ to the zoo with me-Yes,but I _ there before.11)Where _ you _ now-I _ to the zoo.12)He often _ swimming.13)_ you _ there last year 14)_ they often _ skating in winter第29页/共48页注意点一：
24、注意点一：现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。间状语连用。如：如：yesterday,last night,two weeks ago等等 试比较：试比较：The plane has arrived.飞机已经来了
25、。（说明现在的情况：飞机飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）在这儿）The plane arrived a quarter ago.飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）动作发生的时间在过去）I have taught here for fifteen years.我在这儿已经教了十五年。我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）I taught here for a year.我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我我“现现在已经不在这儿任
26、教了）在已经不在这儿任教了）第31页/共48页1 His father died two years ago.His father _ _ _ for two years.2.He has been in the army for three years._ _ three years since he _ the army.3.I began to study at this school five years ago.I _ _ at this school _ five years.4.Have you ever visited Beijing?Have you ever _ _ _?5
27、.I am a teacher.I became a teacher five years ago.I _ _ _ _ for five years.I _ _ _ _ _ five years ago.6.I bought the car five years ago.I _ _ the car for five years.第38页/共48页7.I have borrowed a new book from the school library.I _ _ a new book from the school library for two days.8.The boy has come
28、back.The boy _ _ _ for an hour.9.The film has begun.The film _ _ _ _ five minutes.10.The man in a hat has left.The man in a hat _ _ _ _ half an hour ago.11.Both students havent finished their homework._ _ _ finished their homework.第39页/共48页动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种：原形+ed如：worked,passed词尾是e时，直接加
29、d如：likedlived若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed。词尾为“元音字母+y”时，直接加d；如:playedstayedstudiedcried末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed.如：stoppeddropped动词的过去分词的规则变化第40页/共48页不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律AAA:put put put letlet letABA:becomebecamebecomeABB:standstoodstoodABC:eat ateeaten第41页/共48页AAAcost-cost-cost read-read-readput-put-p
30、ut cut-cut-cutlet-let-let set-set-setbeat-beat-beat hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt spit-spit-spit rid-rid-rid一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。第42页/共48页有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-comebecome-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcom
31、eABA第43页/共48页原型原型过去式过去式过去分词过去分词例词例词-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee-e-e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含规则动词含规则动词)第44页/共48页1.另有一些其它形式的变化。have(has)-had-hadleave-left-leftl
32、ose-lost-lostmake-made-madefeel-felt-feltspell-spelt-speltstand-stood-stood2.改变单词中间元音字母。sit-sat-sat(babysit)win-won-wonshine-shone-shonehold-held-heldfind-found-foundhear-heard-heardhang-hung(hanged)-hung(hanged)ABB(含规则动词含规则动词)第45页/共48页ABC原型原型过去式过去式过去分过去分词词例词例词-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olenst
33、eal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw,draw-i-a-u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i-o-ndrive,rise,ride,write第46页/共48页ABC有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。take-took-takengive-gave-givenfall-fell-falleneat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-writtenspeak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozenride-rode-riddenget-got-gotten(got)forget-forgot-forgotten(forgot)特殊：am/is-was-beenare-were-been,do(does)-did-donego-went-gonesee-saw-seenshow-showed-shown(showed)lie-lay(lied)-lain(lied)第47页/共48页感谢观看！感谢观看！第48页/共48页