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1、会计学1维生素及其在动物营养中的作用英文维生素及其在动物营养中的作用英文What are vitamins?The vitaminis a kind oftrace organic substance that The vitaminis a kind oftrace organic substance that the human and animal must obtained from foods to the human and animal must obtained from foods to maintain normal physiological functions,and
2、plays an maintain normal physiological functions,and plays an important role in human growth,metabolism and important role in human growth,metabolism and development.development.n nNOTICE:VitaminVitamins neitherparticipate in the s neitherparticipate in the forming ofhuman cells nor provideenergyfor
3、 the body.forming ofhuman cells nor provideenergyfor the body.第1页/共14页The classification of vitamins The classification of vitamins Based on the different solubility,the vitaminscan be divided into thefat soluble-vitamins andwater-soluble vitamins.vitaminsWater-solubleVitamin CB vitaminsFat-solubleV
4、itamin A D,E,K第2页/共14页Functions,Deficiencise and SourcesVitaminFunction?Deficiency?Sources?第3页/共14页Vitamin An nFunctions:1.The Vitamin A 1.The Vitamin A can can maintains normaleyesight and maintains normaleyesight and prevent nyctalopia(prevent nyctalopia(夜盲症）夜盲症）夜盲症）夜盲症）anddry-eye anddry-eye disea
5、se.disease.Rhodopsin Rhodopsin（视紫质）（视紫质）is an important part of the retinais an important part of the retina(视网膜视网膜)I If af animal nimal lacks vitamin A,It can not synthesize enoenough rhodopsin,lacks vitamin A,It can not synthesize enoenough rhodopsin,which could lead to night blindness.which could
6、 lead to night blindness.2.VA is related to regulation of nutrient metabolism.2.VA is related to regulation of nutrient metabolism.VitaminA has something to do with the metabolism of carbohy-drate VitaminA has something to do with the metabolism of carbohy-drate,fat,protein and mineral.In fact,it pl
7、ays a role of regu-lating.,fat,protein and mineral.In fact,it plays a role of regu-lating.第4页/共14页Vitamin ADeficiencyn nLacking of vitamin A for a long time,the animal would suffers Lacking of vitamin A for a long time,the animal would suffers from the night blindness.Growth and from the night blind
8、ness.Growth and productivity slow down.productivity slow down.The laying rate and the hatching rate of the poutry show a downThe laying rate and the hatching rate of the poutry show a downtrend.The fur of the animal looks rough.The animal will lost thetrend.The fur of the animal looks rough.The anim
9、al will lost theappetite.appetite.SourcesVitamin A comes mainly from the animal sources,such as the fish Vitamin A comes mainly from the animal sources,such as the fish meal,egg yolk,milk,blood meal animal liver and so on.meal,egg yolk,milk,blood meal animal liver and so on.第5页/共14页Vitamin Dn nFunct
10、ions:1.Promote the absorption of calcium and 1.Promote the absorption of calcium and phosphorus.phosphorus.Vitamin D can promote the formation of calcium-bind protein Vitamin D can promote the formation of calcium-bind proteinin enterocytesin enterocytes(肠细胞肠细胞)and activate the transport system of c
11、al-and activate the transport system of cal-cium and phosphorus in intestinal epithelialcium and phosphorus in intestinal epithelial(上皮的上皮的)cells.In addit-cells.In addit-ion,Vitamin D can help the renal tubularion,Vitamin D can help the renal tubular(肾小球肾小球)to reabsorb theto reabsorb theCalcium and
12、phosphate.Calcium and phosphate.2.VD is important for the growth of bones and teeth.2.VD is important for the growth of bones and teeth.The storage of calcium and phosphorus in bone can be controledThe storage of calcium and phosphorus in bone can be controledby Vitamin D,which can improve the state
13、 of calcium and phosp-by Vitamin D,which can improve the state of calcium and phosp-horus.horus.第6页/共14页Vitamin Dn nDeficiencyDeficiency A lack of Vitamin D can lead to stop of bone calcification.As a A lack of Vitamin D can lead to stop of bone calcification.As a result of that,rickets(result of th
14、at,rickets(佝偻病佝偻病)will appear in young animals andwill appear in young animals andosteomalaciaosteomalacia(骨软化症骨软化症)or osteoporosisor osteoporosis(骨质疏松症骨质疏松症)will appear inwill appear inadult animals.Besides,the laying rate of poultry reduce.adult animals.Besides,the laying rate of poultry reduce.So
15、urcesSources In nature,Vitamin D exists in a variety of forms.Such as D2,D3 In nature,Vitamin D exists in a variety of forms.Such as D2,D3and D4.Among them,D2 and D3 are the most important forand D4.Among them,D2 and D3 are the most important foranimals.The Vitamin D2 mainly comes from plants while
16、the Vitamin animals.The Vitamin D2 mainly comes from plants while the Vitamin D3 mainly comes from animal sources.D3 mainly comes from animal sources.第7页/共14页Vitamin En nFunctions:1.1.It has the promotion of sex hormone secretionIt has the promotion of sex hormone secretion and the regula-and the re
17、gula-tion of gonadal tion of gonadal(性腺性腺)development and function.It can improvesdevelopment and function.It can improves the reproductive function.So it also called tocopherol.the reproductive function.So it also called tocopherol.2.2.VE can leads to a termination of peroxidation process of bodyVE
18、 can leads to a termination of peroxidation process of body fat,stabilizes the unsaturated fatty acids and protects the inte-fat,stabilizes the unsaturated fatty acids and protects the inte-grity of biological membranes.grity of biological membranes.3 3.VE is necessary for the structure&function of
19、skeletal muscle.VE is necessary for the structure&function of skeletal muscle(骨骼肌骨骼肌),),cardiac muscle cardiac muscle(心肌心肌)，and the smooth muscle.and the smooth muscle.第8页/共14页Vitamin En nDeficiency When it is lacking,the muscular dystrophy(When it is lacking,the muscular dystrophy(营养不良营养不良)(white m
20、uscle)(white muscledisease)occures first.In addition,it also has a serious influence on thedisease)occures first.In addition,it also has a serious influence on thereproductive function.Especially for the male animals,the sperm cellreproductive function.Especially for the male animals,the sperm cellf
21、ormation blocked,the semen quality is poor,all these lead to infertilityformation blocked,the semen quality is poor,all these lead to infertility(不育不育).For female,the conception rate decline,the embryo().For female,the conception rate decline,the embryo(胚胎胚胎)is)is prone to death in the midway.prone
22、to death in the midway.SourcesAnimal sourceAnimal source:only in colostrum:only in colostrum(初乳初乳)of cattle and humanof cattle and humanPlant sourcePlant source:widely in nature,vegetable oil especially wheat germ oil.:widely in nature,vegetable oil especially wheat germ oil.The most of green feed i
23、s a good source.The most of green feed is a good source.CerebellarsofteningTypical deficience第9页/共14页Vitamin K Functions:Vk involved in the synthesis(Vk involved in the synthesis(合成合成)of prothrombin()of prothrombin(凝血酶原凝血酶原)in liver and maintain the normal blood coagulation.Moreover,in liver and mai
24、ntain the normal blood coagulation.Moreover,It can strengthen the detoxification(It can strengthen the detoxification(解毒能力解毒能力)of liver and help)of liver and helpcontrol the blood pressure.control the blood pressure.Deficiency:Blood coagulationtime is too long.The wound is hard to heal.Blood coagulationtime is too long.The wound is hard to heal.第10页/共14页Vitamin Kn nSourcesn nAnimal sources:Fish meal,animal liver,egg are good sourceFish meal,animal liver,egg are good sourcePlant source:Most of green vegetable第11页/共14页第12页/共14页第13页/共14页