《美国文学之浪漫主义文学.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《美国文学之浪漫主义文学.pptx（27页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、会计学1美国文学之浪漫主义文学美国文学之浪漫主义文学The origin of Romantic American literatureThe origin of Romantic American literature n nThe Romantic Period,one of the most important periods in thehistory of American literature,stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak（战争的）爆发 of the Civil War.It started w
2、ith the publication of Washington Irvings The Sketch Book and ended with Whitmans Leaves of Grass.第1页/共27页The American Renaissance or New England RenaissanceThe American Renaissance or New England Renaissance n nThe American Renaissance or New England Renaissance isThe American Renaissance or New En
3、gland Renaissance is a a period of the great flowering of American literature,from the i830s period of the great flowering of American literature,from the i830s roughlyroughly粗糙地；概略地粗糙地；概略地 until the end of the American Civil until the end of the American Civil War.It came of age as an expression of
4、 a national spirit.One of the War.It came of age as an expression of a national spirit.One of the most important influences in the period was that of the most important influences in the period was that of the TranscendentalistsTranscendentalists超越论者，先验论者超越论者，先验论者 ,including Ralph,including Ralph Wa
5、ldo Emerson,Henry David Thoreau.The Transcendentalists Waldo Emerson,Henry David Thoreau.The Transcendentalists contributed to the founding of a new national culture based on contributed to the founding of a new national culture based on native elements.Apart from the Transcendentalists,there emerge
6、d native elements.Apart from the Transcendentalists,there emerged during this period great imaginative writers-Nathaniel during this period great imaginative writers-Nathaniel Hawthorne,Herman Melville,and Walt Whitman-whose novels Hawthorne,Herman Melville,and Walt Whitman-whose novels and poetry l
7、eft a permanent imprintand poetry left a permanent imprint印记；痕迹印记；痕迹 on American on American literature.literature.第2页/共27页Its social historical and cultural backgroundIts social historical and cultural backgroundn nThe development of the American society nurturedThe development of the American soci
8、ety nurtured养育；鼓励；培养育；鼓励；培植植 the literature of a great nation.America was flourishing into a the literature of a great nation.America was flourishing into a politically,economically and culturally independent country.politically,economically and culturally independent country.HistoricallyHistoricall
9、y,it was the time of westward expansion in America;,it was the time of westward expansion in America;economicallyeconomically,the whole nation was experiencing an industrial,the whole nation was experiencing an industrial transformation;Politically,democracy and equality became the ideal of transfor
10、mation;Politically,democracy and equality became the ideal of the new nation,and the two-party system came into being.Worthy of the new nation,and the two-party system came into being.Worthy of mention is mention is the literary and cultural life the literary and cultural life of the country.With th
11、e of the country.With the founding of the American Independent Government,the nation felt founding of the American Independent Government,the nation felt an urge to have its own literary expression,to make known its new an urge to have its own literary expression,to make known its new experience tha
12、t other nations did not have:the early Puritan experience that other nations did not have:the early Puritan settlement,the confrontation with the Indians,the frontiersmens life,settlement,the confrontation with the Indians,the frontiersmens life,and the wild west.Besides,the nations literary milieu
13、was ready for and the wild west.Besides,the nations literary milieu was ready for the Romantic movement as well.Thus,with a strong sense of the Romantic movement as well.Thus,with a strong sense of optimism,a spectacular outburst of romantic feeling was brought optimism,a spectacular outburst of rom
14、antic feeling was brought about in the first half of the 19th century.about in the first half of the 19th century.第3页/共27页Major writers of this periodMajor writers of this period n nThere emerged a great host of men of letters during this period,There emerged a great host of men of letters during th
15、is period,among whom the better-known are poets such as Philip Freneau,among whom the better-known are poets such as Philip Freneau,William Cullen Bryant,Henry Wordsworth Long Fellow,James William Cullen Bryant,Henry Wordsworth Long Fellow,James Russel Lowell,John Greenleaf Whitter,Edgar Ellen Poe,a
16、nd,Russel Lowell,John Greenleaf Whitter,Edgar Ellen Poe,and,especially,Walt Whitman,whose especially,Walt Whitman,whose Leaves Of GrassLeaves Of Grass established him as established him as the most popular American poet of the 19th century.the most popular American poet of the 19th century.The ficti
17、on The fiction of the American Romantic period is an original and diverse of the American Romantic period is an original and diverse body of work.It ranges from the comic fables of Washington body of work.It ranges from the comic fables of Washington Irving to the The Gothic tales of Edgar Allen Poe
18、,from the Irving to the The Gothic tales of Edgar Allen Poe,from the frontier adventures of James Fenimore Cooper to the frontier adventures of James Fenimore Cooper to the narrative quests of Herman Melville,from the psychological narrative quests of Herman Melville,from the psychological romances
19、of Nathaniel Hawthorne to the social realism of romances of Nathaniel Hawthorne to the social realism of Rebecca Harding Davis.Rebecca Harding Davis.第4页/共27页The impact of European Romanticism on The impact of European Romanticism on American RomanticismAmerican Romanticism n nEmphasising the imagina
20、tive and emotional qualities Emphasising the imaginative and emotional qualities of literatureof literature n nTo put emphasis on the free expression of emotions To put emphasis on the free expression of emotions and displayed an increasing attention to the psychic and displayed an increasing attent
21、ion to the psychic states of their characters.states of their characters.n nTo exalt the individual and the common manTo exalt the individual and the common man n nThe literary use of the more colorful aspects of the The literary use of the more colorful aspects of the past was also to be found in I
22、rvings effort to exploit past was also to be found in Irvings effort to exploit the legends of the Hudson River region,and in the legends of the Hudson River region,and in Coopers long series of historical tales.Coopers long series of historical tales.n nAmerican Romanticism is,in a certain way,deri
23、vative.American Romanticism is,in a certain way,derivative.第5页/共27页The unique characteristics of American RomanticismThe unique characteristics of American Romanticismn nthe American national experience of the American national experience of pioneering into the west pioneering into the west proved t
24、o be a rich sourceproved to be a rich source of materialof material for American writers to for American writers to draw upon.draw upon.The wilderness came to function almost as a The wilderness came to function almost as a dramatic character that symbolized moral lawdramatic character that symboliz
25、ed moral law n nThe desire for an escape from society and a return to nature The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature.became a permanent convention of American literature.n nAmerican character types speaking local dialects Amer
26、ican character types speaking local dialects appeared in appeared in poetry and fiction with increasing frequency.poetry and fiction with increasing frequency.n nThen the American PuritanismThen the American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted as a cultural heritage exerted great influences ov
27、er American moral values and American great influences over American moral values and American Romanticism.Romanticism.n nBesides,a preoccupation with Besides,a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of original sin the Calvinistic view of original sin and the mystery of eviland the mystery of evil
28、 marked the works of Hawthorne,Melville marked the works of Hawthorne,Melville and a host of lesser writers.and a host of lesser writers.第6页/共27页American Romanticists differed in their American Romanticists differed in their understanding of human natureunderstanding of human nature n nTo the transc
29、endentalists such as Emerson and Thoreau,man is divine in nature and therefore forever perfectible;but to Hawthorne and Melville,everybody is potentially a sinner,and great moral courage is therefore indispensab1e for the improvement of human nature,as is shown in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter.第7页/共
30、27页Washington Irving(1783-l859)第8页/共27页Irvings position in American literatureIrvings position in American literaturen nWashington Irving was one of the first American writers to earn an international reputation,and regarded as an early Romantic writer in the merican literary history and Father of t
31、he American short stories.He was also called as“the American goldsmith”.第9页/共27页His major works n n A History Of New York from the Beginning Of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty n nThe Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon,Gent.n nRip Van Winkle n nThe Legend of Sleepy Hollow n n The Life of George
32、 Washington 第10页/共27页Irvings unique contribution to American literatureIrvings unique contribution to American literature Irvings contribution to American literature is unique in more than one Irvings contribution to American literature is unique in more than one way.He was the first American writer
33、 of imaginative literature to gain way.He was the first American writer of imaginative literature to gain international fame.Although greatly influenced by European literature,international fame.Although greatly influenced by European literature,Irving gave his works distinctive American flavor.Rip
34、Van Winkle or Irving gave his works distinctive American flavor.Rip Van Winkle or The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,however exotic these stories are,are The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,however exotic these stories are,are among among the treasures of the American language and culture.the treasures of the Amer
35、ican language and culture.These These two stories easily trigger off American imagination with their focus on two stories easily trigger off American imagination with their focus on American subjects,American landscape,and,in Irvings case,the American subjects,American landscape,and,in Irvings case,
36、the legends of the Hudson River region of the fresh young land.legends of the Hudson River region of the fresh young land.It is not It is not the sketches about the Old World but the tales about America the sketches about the Old World but the tales about America that made Washington Irving a househ
37、old word and his fame that made Washington Irving a household word and his fame enduring.enduring.He was father of American short stories.And later in the He was father of American short stories.And later in the hands of Hawthorne and Melville the short story attained a degree of hands of Hawthorne
38、and Melville the short story attained a degree of perfection.perfection.第11页/共27页Ralph Waldo Emerson 1803-18821803-1882第12页/共27页Ralph Waldo Emersonn nRalph Waldo Emerson is the chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism,which is unanimously agreed to be the summit of the Romantic period in the
39、 history of American literature.第13页/共27页His major works n n Nature n nThe American Scholar n nSelf Reliance n nThe Over Soul 第14页/共27页Emersonian Transcendentalism n nEmersonian Transcendentalism is actual1y a philosophical school Emersonian Transcendentalism is actual1y a philosophical school which
40、 absorbed some ideological concerns of American Puritanism which absorbed some ideological concerns of American Puritanism and European Romanticism,with its focus on the intuitive and European Romanticism,with its focus on the intuitive knowledge of human beings to grasp the absolute in the universe
41、 knowledge of human beings to grasp the absolute in the universe and the divinity of man.In his essays,Emerson put forward his and the divinity of man.In his essays,Emerson put forward his philosophy of the over-soul,the importance of the Individual,and philosophy of the over-soul,the importance of
42、the Individual,and Nature.Nature.n n(1)Emersons philosophy of(1)Emersons philosophy of the over-soul the over-soul n n(2)(2)Emersons philosophy of Emersons philosophy of the importance of the Individualthe importance of the Individual n n(3)Emersons view(3)Emersons view on natureon nature n nEmerson
43、ian Transcendentalism inspired a whole generation of Emersonian Transcendentalism inspired a whole generation of famous American authors like Thoreau,Whitman,and Dickinson.famous American authors like Thoreau,Whitman,and Dickinson.第15页/共27页Thoreaus Transcendentalism n n Walden Walden(1854)not only f
44、ully demonstrates Emersonian ideas of self-(1854)not only fully demonstrates Emersonian ideas of self-reliance but also develops and tests reliance but also develops and tests Thoreaus own transcendental Thoreaus own transcendental philosophy.philosophy.n n(1)For Thoreau,(1)For Thoreau,nature is not
45、 merely symbolic,but divine in itself nature is not merely symbolic,but divine in itself and human beings can receive precise and human beings can receive precise communicationcommunication from the from the natural world by way of pure sensesnatural world by way of pure senses.n n(2)Thoreau strongl
46、y believed in(2)Thoreau strongly believed in self-culture self-culture and was eager to and was eager to identify identify himselfhimself with the with the Transcendental Transcendental image of the image of the self-reliant self-reliant man.man.n n(3)His positiveness about(3)His positiveness about
47、the importance of individual conscience the importance of individual conscience was such that he even considered the society fetters of the freedom of was such that he even considered the society fetters of the freedom of individuals.individuals.n nThough Thoreau became more than Emersons disciple e
48、ventually,his Though Thoreau became more than Emersons disciple eventually,his indebtedness to Nature and its author has never been overlooked.indebtedness to Nature and its author has never been overlooked.第16页/共27页 The style of Emersons essays The style of Emersons essaysn nEmersons essays often h
49、ave a Emersons essays often have a casualcasual style,for most of them style,for most of them were derived from his journals or lectures.They are usually were derived from his journals or lectures.They are usually characterized bycharacterized by a series of short a series of short,declarative sente
50、ncesdeclarative sentences,which are not quite logically connected but will flower out which are not quite logically connected but will flower out into illustrativeinto illustrative statements of truth and statements of truth and thoughts.Emersonsthoughts.Emersons philosophical discussion is sometime