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1、PragmaticUnderstandingNewOrientalSchooln一.功能理解题n二.补充专题 n通过语气语调语气语调、口语口语常用短语常用短语、前后文大前后文大意意等猜测某人说的某句话的意图，或态度:“弦外之音”n1.题干特征n2.可能的答案n3.错误选项特征n4.注意事项n5.总结语气词n1.目的题/句子功能题n2.态度题目的题目的题n1题干特征nWhatdoestheprofessorimply whenhesaysthis:nWhatcanbeinferredfromtheprofessorsresponsetothestudent?nWhatisthe purposeo
2、fthewomansresponse?Why doesthestudentsaythis:n2可能的答案/可能考的内容 A.更正Excuseme,DidIsayX?ImeanY.Oh,waitaminute.WhatamIsaying?B.道歉(轻，长，过渡词)C.讲个笑话D.鼓励（重读）E.叉开话题（letsgearawayalittlefromthetopic.）F.解释一个概念inotherwords/namely/orG.暗示一个问题/答案H.表明意见变化、暗示新的行动或信息错误选项特征nA.复述原文nB.过度推断nC.说话人根本就没有提到nD.不符合逻辑推断,扩大答案的内涵和外延n4
3、注意事项：A.注意文章中的语气小词B.不能过度推断,步骤最少的推断接近原文C.字面意思不等于真实意图D.答案通常不是原话E.上下文F.注意反义疑问句wasntit?上扬否定wasntit?下降肯定G.注意笑 态度题态度题1.题干特征nWhatcanbe inferredaboutthestudent/professor?nWhatistheprofessorsattitudetowardX?nWhatistheprofessorsopinionofX?Whatcanbeinferredaboutthestudentwhenshesaysthis:Whatdoesthewomanmeanwhen
4、shesaysthis:n2.可能的答案态度消极、积极喜欢/厌倦满意/不满意简单/难怀疑/肯定非常肯定/不太肯定事实事广为接受/颇有争议.n3.态度题错误选项特征nA.复述原文nB.文中没有提到nC.完全扭曲或误解说话人的原意nD.用词程度过高n用词程度过高：n喜：excited,feverish,enraptured,elated,radiant,overjoyed,rejoicedn怒：angry,furious,violent,wild,rage,buff,agonyn4.注意：nA.形容词和副词的褒贬nB.语气、语调、重读、小词nC.正确选项一般不是文章的直接表达，而是同义替换nD.直
5、觉(实验)nOnceuponatime,therelivedalittlegirlinthesmallvillage.n从前，有一个小女孩住在村子里。n5.语气语调总结A.慢：迟疑 快：确定B.上扬:吃惊、怀疑、高兴下降：肯定、不高兴n6.语气词大汇总喜：Great/Terrific/Wonderful/Fantastic/Gorgeous/Wow!/Gee!/Goodthing!怒：Toobad!/Toughluck!/Oh,no/Nuts/Whoops/Shoot(shit)/Disgustingn惊：Oh，man!/Ohboy!/Gosh!Mygod!/Oh,my!/Wow/Jesus/
6、JesusChristn赞同:Yeah/Yep/nUh-huh(语调上仰)/Surething/Illsay/Youbet/Exactly/Sodoben否定:Nope/Uh-uh(语调拐弯)/Unfortunately/Noway/Unlikely/Really/Howcanyou?/But/Actually/Well,butn遗憾:Whatashame!/Thatstoobad/Toughluck!n7补充问题n目的题、态度题和推论题区分implyinfern功能题针对某句话nWhatdoesthewomenimplywhenshe says:态度题针对某个人Whatcanbeinferr
7、edabouttheprofessor?WhatistheprofessorsattitudetowardX?推论题针对内容Whatcouldbeinferredabouttheasteroid belt?npassage1朗文P140nConsultationnTheLibraryn1.Listenagaintopartoftheconversation.Thenanswerthequestion.nTrack74nWhydoesthelibrariansaythis:ntoshowthatheisbusywithsomeonentoindicatethatheisreadytohelpnt
8、oquestionwhythestudentisherentodemonstratethatheisbotheredbythequestionnW:Excuseme,canyouhelpme,please?nM:ThatswhyImhere.Whatdoyouneed?1.Listenagaintopartoftheconversation.Thenanswerthequestion.Whydoesthelibrariansaythis:toshowthatheisbusywithsomeone toindicatethatheisreadytohelp toquestionwhythestu
9、dentishere todemonstratethatheisbotheredbythequestionn2.Whatdoesthelibrarianmeanwhenhesaysthis:Track75nhe does need to know theageofthemagazinenhe does not know why thestudentaskedthequestionnhe wants to know why thequestionwasaskednheisnotsurewhythestudentneedsthemagazinennW:Youneedtoknowhowoldthem
10、agazineistofindit?nM:ThatswhyIasked!2.Whatdoesthelibrarianmeanwhenhesaysthis:hedoesneedtoknowtheageofthemagazine he does not know why the studentaskedthequestion he wants to know why the questionwasaskedheisnotsurewhythestudentneedsthemagazine3.Whydoesthestudentsaythis:Track76 shedoesnotrememberwhat
11、shejustsaid sherealizesthatshehasjustinterruptedtheprofessor sherecognizesthatshehasjustsaidsomethingincorrect she does not understand what thelibrarianjustsaidnWell,themagazineIwanttofindismorethanayearold.SothatmeansIneedtogotothe2ndfloor.what am I saying?The3rdfloor.3.Whydoesthestudentsaythis:she
12、doesnotrememberwhatshejustsaid sherealizesthatshehasjustinterruptedtheprofessor sherecognizesthatshehasjustsaidsomethingincorrect she does not understand what thelibrarianjustsaid4.What does the librarian meanwhenhesaysthis:track77 his service is free ofchargehehasalotoffreetimehe wants the student
13、tofeelrelaxedheisalwayseagertohelpnW:Thanksforyourhelp.Ireallyappreciateit.nM:Youarequitewelcome.Feel free tocomebyanytime.4.Whatdoesthelibrarianmeanwhenhesaysthis:hisserviceisfreeofchargehehasalotoffreetimehewantsthestudenttofeelrelaxedheisalwayseagertohelpnPassage2.朗文P141nConversationnTheTranscrip
14、tnRegistrarsoffice5.Whydoesthemansaythis:79 to show that he knows all theanswer toshowthatitisnothardforhertoaskaquestion toshowthathealwaysasksalotofquestionstoshowthatheishappytohelphernW:HeySam,Ihaveaquestionforyou.nM:Allyouhavetodoisask.5.Whydoesthemansaythis:to show that he knows all theanswer
15、toshowthatitisnothardforhertoaskaquestion toshowthathealwaysasksalotofquestions toshowthatheishappytohelpher6.What does the man meanwhenhesaysthis:track80thequestionisadifficultonetohandle hecananswerthequestioneasily heknowshowtoapplyforascholarshiphe will take care of thetranscriptforhern6Oh,Ithin
16、kIcanhandlethatone.6.Whatdoesthemanmeanwhenhesaysthis:thequestionisadifficultonetohandle hecananswerthequestioneasily heknowshowtoapplyforascholarship he will take care of the transcript forher7.What does the womanmean when she says this:track81 itsoundshardtodoshe does not think shecandoitthatsound
17、stooeasyshecandoitallherselfn7.Thatsall thereistoit?Ijust gototheregistrarsofficeandaskforacopyofmytranscript,andIllgetit?7.What does the woman meanwhenshesaysthis:itsoundshardtodo shedoesnotthinkshecandoit thatsoundstooeasy shecandoitallherself8.Whydoesthemansaythis:track82tosuggestthatitisnotlikel
18、ythatshewillgetwhatshewantstoshowthathethinksshewillbeluckytostatethatshecanalwaysdependonhimtoimplythatitwillnottakelongerthanaweekn8Well,youmaygetlucky,butdontcountonit.8.Whydoesthemansaythis:tosuggestthatitisnotlikelythatshewillgetwhatshewants to show that he thinks she will belucky tostatethatsh
19、ecanalwaysdependonhimtoimplythatitwillnottakelongerthanaweek9.What does the man implywhenhesaysthis:track83theregistrarsofficeisclosingsoonit is best not to waste anytimetheregisterwillbeabletotellheraboutthescholarshiphe will go to the registrarsofficeinherplacen9Well,ifIwereyou,Idgetovertotheregis
20、trarsofficeimmediately.n9.Whatdoesthemanimplywhenhesaysthis:theregistrarsofficeisclosingsoonitisbestnottowasteanytimetheregisterwillbeabletotellheraboutthescholarshiphewillgototheregistrarsofficeinherplacen朗文minitest1朗文P285nConsultationnScienceLab1.Whydoesthestudentgotoseethelabassistant?A.todiscuss
21、twoissuesrelatedtothesciencelab.B.Todiscusswhyhedidnotdoagoodjobonhisfirstlabassignment.C.Tofindoutwhathemustdotocompletehislabreport.D.Totalkaboutthemembersofhissciencelabgroup.nS:Hi,Ihaveafewquestionsabouthow we need to handle our work in the science laboratory.nW:Igaveveryspecificinstructionsatth
22、efirstlabmeeting.nS:Andwehavetocompletethelabworkexactlythatway?nW:ThatswhatIdlike,yes.nA2.Whydoesthelabassistantanswerthestudentsquestionwiththisquestion.A.Shehasnotunderstoodwhatthestudenthasasked.B.Sheisnotsurewhoisinthestudentsgroup.C.Shewouldliketoknowifthestudenthasreallydoneanyworkwithhisgrou
23、p.D.Shehasmadeanassumptionaboutthegroupfromthestudentsquestions.nS:Doweneedtowork in the lab in a group?nW:Yes.nS:Andworkwiththeexact group memberswewereassigned?nW:Is there a problem with your group?D3.Whatdoesthelabassistantsuggestthatthegroupshouldtry?A.Completingthelabsessionwithouttalking.B.Spe
24、ndingmoretimetalkingduringthelabsession.C.Meetingbeforethelabsessiontohaveadiscussion.D.Workingindividuallyinthesciencelab.nS:Well,duringthefirstlabsession,wehadadifficulttimeagreeingonhowtoproceedwiththeexperiment.nS:Duringthefirstexperiment,wespentalmosttheentirethreehoursinthelabdiscussingwhattod
25、onext.nW:Perhapsyourgroup shouldmeetbeforethenextlabsessiontofigureouthowyouaregoingtoproceedwiththeexperimentwhenyougettothelab.(C)4.Howdoesthestudentseemtofeelabouthisgroup?A.Hethinkshisgroupdoesworkquitedeliberately.B.Hefeelsthatthegroupsisnotabletogetthingsdoneeffectively.C.Heisnotsurewhenorwher
26、ethegroupismeeting.D.Heisafraidthathisgroupdoesnothaveenoughtimetodoagoodjob.nS:OK,IllseeifIcangetmygrouptotrythat,but itll probablytakemygroupseveralhourseventodecidewhentomeet,much lessactuallyfigureoutwhatwearegoingtododuringthelabsession.(B)5.Whatdoesthelabassistantsayaboutthelabreport?A.Itmustb
27、ecompletedbythegroup.B.Eachmembermaydecidehowtopreparethereport.C.Eachindividualmustwriteapartofthereport.D.Thereportmustbepreparedinaveryspecificway.nW:thelabreportistobeanindividualassignment.Each personshouldwriteupaseparatelabreportabouttheexperiment.nnS:So,the experimenthastobeconductedbythegro
28、up,andareportabouttheexperimenthasbewrittenupindividuallybyeachparticipant?nW:Thatsexactlyright.nS:Anddoesthereportneedto follow the formatyoudescribedtous?nW:Itabsolutelydoes.Imextremelystrictabouttheformat,IwanttheformatofthereporttobeexactlyasIdescribed.nDnPassage3生物track84朗文P142nZoologynOpposumn
29、10.What does the womanmeanwhenshesaysthis:track85nA.Shethinksthatnoneofthemknowswhatitis.nB.She is surprised that sheknowswhatitis.nC.Shedoesnotneedtoknowwhatitis.nD.Shedoesnotknowwhatitisbutthinkssheshould.n10.Ohno,were supposed toknowwhatthatis.nD.shedoesnotknowwhatitisbutthinkssheshould.n11.Why d
30、oes the man say this:track86nA.to show that the womansstatementisnotcompletelycorrect.nB.to indicate that he is notcompletelysureoftheanswer.nC.toencouragethewomentotryagain.nD.tourgethewomantobemoreprecisen11No,notexactly.nB.toindicatethatheisnotcompletelysureoftheanswer.n12.Whatdoesthemanmeanwhenh
31、esaysthis:track87nA.itsnotclear.nB.youremistaken.nC.thatsright.nD.itsyouridea.n12.youvegotit.nC.thatsright.n13.Whydoesthemansaythis:track88nA.toshowthatheisinahurry.nB.toshowthatheisreconsideringhisanswer.nC.to show that he needs torest.nD.toshowthatheissureofhisresponse.n13.Oh,waitaminute,maybeitis
32、.nB.toshowthatheisreconsideringhisanswer.nPassage4朗文P143nAstronomynVenusntrack89nW:VenusisalmostthesamesizeasEarth,whichisthefifthlargestplanetin,ah,thesolarsystem.TheplanetVenusiseasilyvisibleintheskyfromEarth,althoughnotalwaysasacompletesphere.nItgoesthroughsomephases,justliketheMoon.Sometimesitsf
33、ullyvisible,likethefullMoon,sometimesitshalfvisible,andsometimesitsonlyacrescent.WhendoyouthinkVenusisthebrightest,whenitsfullyvisibleorwhenitsacrescent?nM:Youmean,Venusisactuallybrighterwhenitsonlyasmallcrescentthanwhenitsfullyvisible?nW:ThatsexactlywhatImeanNow,doesanyoneknowifVenuscoldorhot?nthet
34、emperaturetherecouldreach500degreescentigrade.n900degreesFahrenheit.nReasons:closertosun.nItshotforanotherreason.Coulditbetheatmosphere?Whatistheatmospheremadeof?nCarbondioxide.nCloudsoverVenus.ThesurfaceofVenuscouldntbeseenevenwithatelescope,becauseofthecloudsthatsurroundtheplanet.nCloudssulfuricac
35、idcontributetothebrightnessofVenusinthesky.WhenVenusappearstoshinesobrightly,itsbecausethelightofsunisreflectingoffVenusscloudsofsulfuricacid.n14.Why does the professor saythis:track90nA.she wants to show that theanswerisnotcorrect.nB.shewouldpreferananswerfromadifferentstudent.nC.shewantsthestudent
36、tochangeheranswer.nD.shewouldpreferamoredefiniteresponse.14IsEarththethirdplanet?nYoudontsoundtoosureofyouranswer,Beth,butyes,thatstrue.nD.shewouldpreferamoredefiniteresponse.n15.Whatdoestheprofessormeanwhenshesaysthis:track91nA.thestudentshouldtrytobemorelogical.nB.the student should explain hisans
37、werfurther.nC.the students answer is notcorrect.nD.thestudentshouldlistenmorecarefully.n15.Well,things arentalwaysthattheyseem.Try again.nC.thestudentsanswerisnotcorrect.n16.What does the woman meanwhenshesaysthis:track92nA.the student should know theanswer.nB.she is preparing to reviewsomethingform
38、apreviouslesson.nC.thereisnoneedtodiscussthisnow.nD.she is in a hurry to finish thelecture.n16.Comeon,wevetalkedaboutthisbefore.nA.thestudentshouldknowtheanswer.17.Whydoestheprofessorsaythis:track93nA.toindicatethatsheisnotsureoftheanswer.nB.to suggest an answer to aquestionthatshejustasked.nC.topro
39、poseanalternateexplanationtoonejustpresented.nD.toencouragethestudentstoexplainwhyhersuggestionisnotaccurate.n17.ButthatsnottheonlyreasonthatVenusissohot.Itsalsohotforanotherreason.Doesanyoneknow?Coulditbetheatmosphere?nB.tosuggestananswertoaquestionthatshejustasked.18.Whydoestheprofessorsaythis:94n
40、A.to show that she wants moreinformation.nB.tochangethequestionthatshewantsanswered.nC.tocallonadifferentstudentforananswer.nD.tocorrectsomethingthatshejustsaid.18Yes,Imaskingabouttheclouds around Venus,Iwanttoknowaboutclouds around Venus.nA.toshowthatshewantsmoreinformation.19.What does the student
41、 meanwhenhesaysthis:track95nA.heneedsmoretimetothinkoftheanswer.nB.hewantstheprofessortocallonsomeoneelse.nC.hethinksheanswersquickly.nD.hewantstochangehisanswer.n19No,waitaminute.nD.hewantstochangehisanswer.nMyVeryExcellentMotherJustSentUsNinePizzas.nMercury水星nMercury墨丘利神（罗马）nHermes赫耳墨斯（希腊）nVenus金星
42、nVenus维纳斯nAphrodite阿佛洛狄德Mars火星nMars战神马克斯nAres阿瑞斯nJupiter木星(体积最大)nJupiternZeus宙斯nSaturn土星nSaturn农业之神nKronus科罗努斯n（Jupiter父亲）nUranus天王星（“最大”宙斯的爷爷）（卫星）nNeptune海王星nNeptune海洋之神nPosidon波赛东（宙斯的brother）Pluto冥王星nPlutonHades哈底斯(宙斯的brother)n行星条件：1.in orbit around the sunn2.has sufficient mass for its self-gravi
43、ty to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a.nearly round shapen3.has cleared the neighborhood around its orbitPluto:itsoblong orbit overlaps with Neptunes.n态度题态度题 朗文朗文 P148npassage 2 CD 2 track 5n Conversation n Questionnaire 3.Howdoesthemanseemtofeel about the assignment?track6nA.Itwillbe
44、interesting.nB.Itwillbeworththeeffort.nC.Itwillbeimpossibletodo.nD.Itwilltakealotofeffort.n3Interesting?Itsgoingtobealot of work.Makingupthesurveyquestionnaireisntsohard,butwehavetofind50 people to fill out thequestionnaireandthenwriteup a report analyzing thedata.4.Which sentence best expresseshow
45、the woman feels about theassignment?track7nA.Thisassignmentwillbeenjoyable.nB.It will be so hard to do thisassignmentcorrectly.nC.The assignment will take toomuchtime.nD.Itwillbeenjoyabletorespondtothesurveyquestions.n4Itsan interestingassignmentwehaveforpsychologyclass.nA.thisassignmentwillbeenjoya
46、ble.n功能理解题的综合训练功能理解题的综合训练 P150ntrack 14n American History n The Fugio Coin n1stcoinissuedbytheU.S.government.Late1700s,1789.twonames,fugiocoin,Franklincoin.nFugiothewordfugioonthefrontLatin:IflynFranklinBenjaminFranklinonit?Franklinwasgivencreditforthewordingonthecoin.nFront:Asundialandasunshiningdo
47、wnonthesundial.nDatenWording:mindyourbusiness.Franklinnback:alargecirclemadeupof13smalllinkedcircles,inthemiddleofthecirclearethewords“weareone”nThatsaveryappropriateideaforthefirstcoinissuedbytheunitedstatesafterthecountrywonitsindependence.nIdliketosuggestsomeofyoumightwanttobesomewhatmoreprepared
48、fornextclass.1.Howdoestheprofessorseem to feel when shesaysthis:track15nA.satisfied.nB.curious.nC.tired.nD.frustrated.n1.Come on,youmusthavesomeideaswhenthiswas.Yes,Sam?nD.frustratedn2.Whydoestheprofessorsaythis:16nA.becauseshewantsthestudentstodisagreewithher.nB.becausesheistryingtoconfusethestuden
49、ts.nC.because she thinks that thestudentsdonotknowtheanswer.nD.becauseshebelievesthatthisinformationiscorrect.n2.ItsbecauseBenjaminFranklinwasonit,wasnt it?nA.becauseshewantsthestudentstodisagreewithher.n3.Whydoestheprofessorsaythis:17nA.sheisfeelingsorryforSamnB.Samdoesnotseemtoknowtheanswer.nC.Sam
50、sclassmatesshouldtrytobemorehelpful.nD.shethinksSamhasdoneenough,andshewantstogivesomeoneelseachance.n3.Samneedssomehelp,whocanhelpSamanswerthequestion.nB.Samdoesnotseemtoknowtheanswer.n4.Whydoestheprofessorsaythis:18nA.toshowthatsheisuncertain.nB.tochangethesubject.nC.to suggest that she forgotwhat