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1、考研英语语法句子成分的考点分析一、主语1.名词【考 点】翻译A careful study of the passage will give you a bettertranslation.【字 面】这篇文章的仔细研究会给你一个更好的译文。口【要 点】如果名词也有动词词性或者由动词变来的，翻译首选动词；谓 语 是will/would d o,主语有动作一一主将从现：如果那么;谓 语 不 是will/would,主语有动作一一祈使句开头，这+谓语;中文翻译通常人做主语；A of B of C译法？【译 文】如果你仔细研究这篇文章，那么你就会翻译得更好。2.不定式【考 点】翻译；形 式 主 语it
2、It would be unwise,not to say stupid,to quit your job now.【字面】现在辞职是不明智的，不要说愚蠢了。口【要点】句 子 的 谓 语 是would d。虚拟语气：如果那 么；not to say=if not=even 句 子 中 间 两 个 逗 号 一一插入语【译文】如果你现在辞职，那么这是不明智的，甚至是愚蠢的。3.动名词【考 点】阅读；翻译Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs wouldbe nuts.【要点】破 坏 机 器 的 动 作 是 否 已 经 发 生？作 者
3、 对 机 器 的 态 度？译 文？【写 作】通 知-It isdue to the importance and theseriousness of the activity that during your stay talking loudly,eating snacks and littering about are strictly prohibited.4.从句【考 点】阅读What Washington does-or doesnt do-to promotealternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a globa
4、lshift in thought.It can be inferred from the last paragraphthat renewableenergy_.A.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its cost【要 点】Washington不指人，而是政府；句子结构：句
5、 子 谓 语may m ean,前 面what.energy是主语从句二、谓语强调1.完型【考 点】主从句逻辑关系 真题】the figure may vary,analysts do agree onanother matter:that the number of the homeless is increasing.A Now thatB AlthoughC ProvidedD Except that【要 点】逻辑关系：从 句 推 测m ay,主句肯定强调，选转折。2.阅 读【考 点】转折后常为答案【真 题】In all,the study concludes that whereas
6、prosecutorsshould only evaluate a case based on its merits,they do seemto be influenced by a companys record in CSR.When prosecutors evaluate a case,a companys CSR recordA has an impact on their decision.B comes across as reliable evidence.C increases the chance of being penalized.D constitutes part
7、 of the investigation.【要 点】whereas引导从句尽管，从句不重要，答案在 但是；主 句do seem强调谓语based on its merits不是根据其优点，而是根据实际情况3.写作【要点】小作文：我 希 望I hope that.I do hope that.三、定语1.写作【难 点】定语的位置短的单一的在名词前长的复杂的在名词后特殊：几 个 以a开头的形容词要放后面2.阅 读【考 点】细节题；态度题【要点】be characterizedby(being).常为题干;找 引 号 或 宾 从 一一题干中In ones view,.某人可能最同意.某人 argu
8、e/believe that.According to sb,.【真题】1Habits are a funny thing.We reach for them mindlessly,setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into theunconscious comfort of familiar routine.HNot choice,buthabit rules the unreflecting herd,“William Wordsworth said inthe 19th century.In the ever-changing 2
9、1st century,even theword habit carries a negative implication.In Wordsworths view,habits is characterized bybeing.A casualB familiarC mechanicalD changeable【真题】2In the idealized version of how science is done,facts about theworld are waiting to be observed and collected by objectiveresearchers who u
10、se the scientific method to carry out theirwork.But in the everyday practice of science,discoveryfrequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route.Weaim to be objective,but we cannot escape the context of ourunique lifeAccording to the first paragraph,the process of discovery ischaracterized by
11、its.A uncertainty and complexityB misconception and deceptivenessC logicality and objectivityD systematicness and regularity【真题】3We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaperreviews published in England between the turn of the 20thcentury and the eve of World War II,at a time when newspri
12、ntwas dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered anornament to the publications in which it appeared.Newspaper reviews in England before World War II werecharacterized by.A free themesB casual styleC elaborate layoutD radical viewpoints【真题】4Dr.Yehuda notes another difference between the se
13、xes.Ithink that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tendto be in more of a chronic or repeated nature.Men go to warand are exposed to combat stress.Men are exposed to moreacts of random physical violence.The kinds of interpersonalviolence that women are exposed to tend to be in domesticsit
14、uations,by,unfortunately,parents or other family members,and they tend not to be one-shot deals.The wear-and-tearthat comes from these longer relationships can be quitedevastating.According to Paragraph 4,the stress women confront tends tobe.A domestic and temporaryB irregular and violentC durable a
15、nd frequentD trivial and random四、状语【考 点】between表示否定【阅读】between理解+推理 真题 Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for topperformers.The financial crisis has made it more acceptable tobe between jobs or to leave a bad one.MThe traditional rulewas its safer to stay where you are,but thats beenfund
16、amentally inverted,H says one headhunter.The peoplewhove been hurt the worst are those whozve stayed too long.”It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_.A top performers used to cling to their postsB loyalty of top performers is getting out-datedC top performers care more about reputationsD i
17、ts safer to stick to the traditional rules【考 点】out of【要 点】out of意思：否定/from/in/dueto【真题】The familys increasing poverty forced Dickens out ofschool at age 12.out of touch with reality(2021)/out of date(2013)But after the war,great social andpolitical changes arisingout of the successful war against Fa
18、scism created a growingdemand in European and American economies for increasingnumbers of graduates with more than a secondary schooleducation.(2021)built a nation out of a wilderness(2015)At the same time,people continue to treat fire as an eventthat needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only
19、 out ofnecessity.(2017)五、状语/补语前置【考 点】翻译；阅读【真 题】1Thus,the anthropological concept ofculture,like theconcept of set in mathematics,is an abstract concept whichmakes possible immense amounts of concrete research andunderstanding.【译文】因此，人类学的文化概念就像数学中的集合概念一样,是一种抽象概念，它使得大量具体的研究与认知变成可能。【真题】2Last year,the T
20、ransportation Security Administration(TSA)found in a secret check that undercover investigators wereable to sneak weapons both fake and real past airportsecurity nearly every time they tried.(2017)【问题】为 什 么 状 语in a secret check放到了宾语从句的前面？were able to do 译法？整 句 理 解？【真 题】3On the other hand,he did not accept as well founded thecharge made by some of his critics that,while he was a goodobserver,he had no power of reasoning.(2008)【要 点】accept.as认为.否 定 转 移：认为不well-founded有充分根据的chargen.指责 名词+非 谓 语(作 定 语)同 位 语 从 句：用完整的一句话展开前面抽象名词的内容【译文】另一方面，他认为一些人对他的指责毫无根据，这些人认为，虽然他善于观察，但却并不具备推理能力。