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1、fryn.(chips,BrE)(usually plural)(also French fries)a long thin piece of potato that has been cooked in hotoil 炸薯条 例r d 1 ike to have small fries and a hamburger.我想要一个汉堡包和一份小薯条。例Having too manyfries will do no good to your health.吃太多炸薯条对你的身体健康不利。v.cook or be cooked in hot fat or oil 炸；煎 例Do you prefe
2、r to fry eggs or boil them?你喜欢煎鸡蛋还是煮鸡蛋？例The smell of frying ham hit me when I opened the door.我一打开门，一股煎火腿味扑鼻而来。southernadj.of or belonging to the south part of the world or of a country 南方的：属于南方的 例She was born in acity in southern China.她出生在中国南部的一个城市。例I once lived in southern California.我曾在加州南部居住过。g
3、oldenadj.1.of the color of gold 金色的；闪金光的 例The blue carpet goes with the golden curtains.蓝色的地毯和金色的窗帘很相配。例The whole room was flooded with warm,golden sunshine.整个房间充满温暖的金色阳光。2.made of gold 金制的 例She got a golden ring as a gift.她收到一枚金戒指作为礼物。例How much didyou pay for the golden watch?你买金表花了多少钱？archn.C some
4、thing with a curved top and straight sides 圆拱；拱形物 例The bridge has five arches for shipsof different sizes.这座桥有 5 个拱门，供不同大小的船只通过。例This arch is the best feature of the wholebuilding.这个拱门是整个建筑物最有特色的部分。dangern.U the possibility of harm or loss 危险 例Children can play on the grass without danger.孩子们可以安全地在草
5、地上玩。例A red flag was placed there as a sign of danger.那儿插着一面红旗，以示危险。destroyvt.damage something so badly that it cannot be used or repaired 破坏；毁坏 例We must live in balance withnature,or we will destroy the earth we share.我们必须与自然和谐相处,否则会毁了我们所共享的地球。例Dontlet anger control you and destroy your life.别让怒气控制你
6、并毁了你的生活。damagevt.cause damage to 毁坏；损害 例The building was badly damaged by the explosion.大楼因爆炸而严重受损。例Some people dont believe that smoking can damage ones health.有些人不相信吸烟有害健康。n.U the process of spoiling the condition or quality of something and the harm or loss that results 毁坏；损害 例Loud noises can cau
7、se hearing damage or loss.大噪音会导致听力损害或失聪。例His behavior wi 11do lots of damage to his political reputation.他的行为将大大削弱他的政治声望。earthquaken.C a violent shaking of the earth 地震 例Money is being raised to help those who became homeless in theearthquake.大家正在集资帮助那些在地震U 失去家园的人们。例The San Francisco earthquake of 1
8、906 caused over$200 million worth of damage.1906年的旧金山大地震造成了价值超过2亿美元的损失。residentn.C a person who lives in a place 居民：定居者 例Tokyo has about 2.5 square meters of park for each resident.东京的每位居民享有约 2.5 平方米的公园面积。例Most of the residents are complaining about the city,s bus system.大部分居民在抱怨城市的公交系统。adj.living（i
9、n a place）居 住（在某地）的 例The towns resident population is over 10,000.这个镇的居民人口超过 10,000。例His resident permit is good for five y ears.他的居住证有效期为 5 年。publicn.（the）people in general 公众；大众；民众 例This park is open daily to the public.这个公园每日向公众开放。adj.1.for the use of everyone;not private 公共的；10W S m oking is gen
10、erally not allowed in public places.公共场所通常不准抽烟。例There is a public 1 ibrary near m y company.我的公司附近有一座公共图书馆。2.of,for or concerning people in general 公 众（事务）的 例He should improve his public image.他应该提升自己的公众形象。例Quality education is a matter of public concern.素质教育是公众关心的问题。locationn.C a special place or p
11、osition 位置；场所 例W e must decide on the location of our new house as soon aspossible.我们得尽快选定新房的位置。例Its a very desirable location for a large department s to re.这儿开一家大型百货商场很合适。inspectorn.C an official who inspects something 检查员：督察员 例The ticket inspector asked every passenger toshow the tic k e t.查票员要求每
12、位乘客把车票拿出来验票。例Our quality inspector is a college graduate.我们的质检员是位大学毕业生。structuren.1.C something formed of many parts,especially a building 建筑物;结构物 例Structures built with steeltend to be strong.用钢材建成的建筑物往往比较牢固。2.U the way in which parts are formed into a whole 结构；构造 例Students are taught to write acco
13、rdingto specific structure.老师教学生按照一定的结构写作。例There has been a great change in the age structureof the leading members in this company.该公司领导成员的年龄结构已经发生了重大变化。affordvt.（usually with can,could and be able to）be able to buy or pay for（通常与 can,could,be able to 连用）买得起;担负得起 例He could afford an apartment in th
14、e downtown a re a.他有能力在市中心买一套公寓。例I cantafford to buy a car right now.目前我还没钱买车。amountn.C;U a collection or mass considered as a unit concerning its size,number,etc.something such as time,money,or a substance 数额；数量；总数 例The smallest amount of money to open an account at that bank was tend o llars.那家银行开
15、户的最低限额是 10 美元。例Employers often consider the amount of time on the job as wellas job performance.雇在经常既考虑工作表现，也考虑工作时间的多少。vi.C to）be equal to in quantity（数量上）达到：（意义上）等于 例The words in the article amount to 3,000.这篇文章共计 3,000 词。例Hes just got a new job of which monthly earnings amount to about$4,000.他刚找到一
16、份新工作，月薪可达4,000美元。claimv.1.declare to be true;state 声称；断言；宣称 例They claimed to have found the way o u t.他们声称已找到出路。例Most political officials claim that their policies will do good to the public.大部分政治官员宣称自己的政策有利于大众。2.ask for,take,or state that one should have(something to which one has a right)对.提出要求：索取
17、 例Is there anyone who claims the lost money?有人来认领丢失的钱吗？例They have claimed on the insuranceafter the f i r e.火灾后他们已向保险公司索赔。actuallyadv.in fact,really 实际上 例John is a nice person,though I havent actually met him.约翰人不错，尽管我实际上未曾与他谋面过。例Unemployment has actually fallen for the past several months.失业率实际上在过去
18、几个月已经下降。denyvt.declare untrue;refuse to accept as a fact 否认；不承认 例The boy denied trying to steal the ladys purse.男孩否认企图偷那位女士的钱包。例He denied that he had ever met me before.他否认以前曾见过我。localadj.of,in or serving the needs of,a certain place or area,especially the place one lives in 当地的：地方性的 例The robbery wa
19、s reported in the local newspaper.在地方报纸上有该抢劫案的报道。例Hotels dont chargeguests for local c a lls.房客在宾馆打本地电话是免费的。explanationn.C;U (an act of)making something clear or easy to understand 解释；说明 例Students are required togive explanations for their absence.按要求学生必须说明缺课的原因。例I didnt believe his explanation that
20、he had been held up by heavy tra ffic.他说由于交通拥挤而耽搁了，我不相信他的解释。registern.C (a book containing)an official record or list 登记(簿)；注 册(簿)例According to the rule teachersare required to keep a register of their students*test scores.根据规定，教师要保存学生的考试成绩记录。例The class has a register of 30 students.这个班级共有 30 名学生注册。
21、vt.put into an official record or list 登记；注册 例This company is registered in m y name.这家公司是用我的名字注册的。abandonvt.give up or bring an end to(something)放弃；中止 例The couple never abandoned the hope of finding theirlost c h ild.夫妻俩从未放弃找到他们失踪的孩子的希望。例He abandoned his native language after he lived in aforeign c
22、ountry.他在异国生活后就不再讲他的母语。peacen.1.singular;U a condition or period in which there is no war between two or more nations or no arguingbetween two or more people 和平(时期);和平共处 例peace taiks/agreements 和平谈判/和平协议 例People withdifferent religions can live together in peace.拥有不同宗教信仰的人可以和陛相处。2.U freedom from anx
23、iety or troubling thoughts 安心；平静 彳 列 Her safe arrival set m y mind at peace.她安全到达目的地,我这才安心了。例She is trying to search for inner peace.她努力寻求内心的平静。boardn.1.C a long thin flat piece of cut wood 长形木板 例The farmer covered the broken window with some boards.农夫用木板把破窗户封住了。2.C an official body or group that ha
24、s responsibility for a particular organization or activity 委员会：董事会；（官方的）部：局 例a board of advisers顾问委员会vt.get into（a ship or public vehicle）;go on board 登上（船或公共交通工具）例W e 11 board the plane at ShanghaiPudong International A irport.我们将在上海浦东国际机场登机。例He boarded a ship for the small islan d.他上了一艘开往小岛的船。tear
25、 down（especially a building）pull down,especially violently;destroy 推 倒（尤指建筑物）：拆毁 例These oldbuildings wi 11 be torn down to make room for an amusement park.这些旧楼将被推倒，取而代之的将是一家游乐场。例The earthquake last night tore down many houses.昨晚的地震摧毁了不少房屋。in danger of1 ikely to be hurt or damaged by 处于.危险之中 例Mary is
26、 in danger of losing her jo b.玛丽面临着失业的威胁。例Those women walking alone at night are in danger of attac k.晚上单独行走的妇女有被攻击的危险。agree withhave or share the same opinion,feeling or purpose 意 见（感觉、目的）致；同意 例I understand what youJ resaying,but I don*t agree with i t.我理解你的意思，但是我不同意你的说法。例They agreed with each othe
27、r onthis p lan.关于这一计划,他们的意见一致。line of thinking/thoughta way or method of thinking about something 思路；想法 例Your line of thinking didnt agree with his.你的想法和他的不一样。例I couldn*t follow m y professor*s line of thinking in his lectu re.我跟不上教授讲课的思路。afford to dobe able to spend,give,do,etc.,without serious los
28、s or damage 花得起;有能力去做（某事）;承担得起 例W e can*t afford to be absent from class again.我们再缺课的话就有麻烦了。例I can afford to buy a car in twoy ears.两年之内，我就有足够的钱买车了。close down（cause to）stop business activities,especially wi thout the intention of starting again（使）停IkH列 Hundredsof workers lost their jobs when the fac
29、tory was closed down.工厂倒闭使数以百计的工人失业了。例Our companyhas decided to close down its New York branch.我们公司已决定关闭纽约分公司。have nothing to do withhave no connection with 与.毫无关系 例She neednt worry about it;it has nothing to do with her.她没必要担心,因为这事与她无关。例Some employers claim that gender has nothing to do with their
30、hiring decisions.一些雇主声称应聘者的性别与是否被聘用亳无关系。make sensehave a good reason 有道理 例It doesn,t make sense to have so many people work in the o ffic e.没道理要那么多人在办公室上班。例What he said made good sense.他说的很有道理。stop.fromprevent.from 阻止 例The hot weather stopped m e from going o u l.酷热使我不敢出门。例Nothing willstop him from
31、saving his girlfriend from danger.任何事也无法阻止他去救女朋友脱险。even soin spite of what has/had happened;though that is true 尽管如此 例It was the cheapest hotel in the town,but even so,it s till cost$100 a n ig h t.这是镇上最便宜的旅社。尽管这样,每晚也得花100美元。例 I had explainedthe sentence to him several times.Even so,he didn,t unders
32、tand i t.这个句子我已向他解释好几遍了。即便如此,他还是不理解。take awayremove something from a particular place 带走；拿走；拆 毁（旧物）例Please take away these old recordsfrom the sh e lf.请把这些老唱片搬离架子。例The old structure was taken away last week.那个老建筑上周被拆了。McDonalds麦当劳（美国一快餐连锁店）California加利福尼亚州（美国西海岸州名）Downey唐 尼（加州南部城市）Golden Arches双拱形金色
33、标志（麦当劳标志）Ray Kroc雷克 罗 克（麦当劳连锁店创始人）Illinois伊利诺伊州（美国州名）Dick McDonald迪克麦当劳（第一家麦当劳的创始人之一）Mac McDonald麦克麦当劳（第一家麦当劳的创始人之一）National Register of Historic Places国家历史文物保护单位名册（美国）mirrorvt.match or express the qual i ties,features,or feel ings of someone or something 反映；反射 例Its we 11accepted that one*s eyes mir
34、ror one*s thoughts.眼睛是心灵的窗口,这已成为共识。n.C a piece of special flat glass that you can look at and see yourself in 镜子 例The old man loved sittingbeside the lake which was as calm as a mirror,deep in thought.老人喜欢坐在平静如镜的湖边沉思。admi tv.1.state or agree to the truth of（something usually bad）承认；供认 例After several
35、 hours,questioning,the suspect admitted to the murder.经过几个小时的审问，嫌疑犯供认自己杀了人。2.permit to enter;let in 准许.进 入（或 力 口 入）例This ticket admits one adult and one child under theage of e ig h t.此券准许成人带一个八岁以下的儿童入场。例I was admitted into the club as a member last month.我是上个月被接纳为该俱乐部会员的。defeatn.1.C;U failure to wi
36、n or succeed 失败；挫败 例Bill suffered an unexpected defeat in the debate.比尔在辩论中遭受意外挫败。例After several defeats,he began to lose confidence.经过几次挫败后，他开始丧失信心。2.U victory over someone or something 战 期 三 iJj败 例The defeat of m y opponent only took me half an hourin the game.比赛中我只花了半小时就击败了对手。例the defeat of our e
37、nemies击败我们的敌人vt.cause to fa il;win a victory over someone in a war,competition,or game 战 力 生；使失败；挫）改 例Lack ofmoney defeated our p la n.由丁缺少经费，我们的计划受挫。例Our school team defeated our neighbors team by threeto o n e.我们校队以3:1战胜邻校校队。themen.C the subject of a talk,a piece of writing,e t c.（文章等的）主题：主旨：（谈话等的
38、）话题：题FI 例Somepeople didnt understand the main theme of the play.一些人不太了解该剧的主题。例The theme of the nationalconference is the education of children.儿童教育是这次全国性会议的主题。battlen.C a fight between enemy forces,especially forming part of a larger struggle 战斗；战役 例A great numberof soldiers died in b a ttle.大量的士兵阵亡
39、了。例W e defeated the enemies after two b a ttle s.两次战役后我们击败了敌人。purchasen.C;U the act of buying;an article that has just been bought 购买；新购买的物品 例The company gave eachemployee some money for the purchase of their houses.公司给每位雇员一些钱买房。例I need a person to deliverm y purchases.我需要一个人运送我买的东西。vt.buy 购买 例His f
40、amily had purchased 35 percent of the shares of the company.他的家人已购买了该公司35%的股份。例This big house was purchased in 2000 as a gift from her parents.这幢大房子是她父母在 2000年作为礼物买给她的。capitaln.1.C a town which serves as the center of government of a nation or other pol itical unit 首都；省会 例Day and night,hundreds of G
41、erman planes bombed the British capital-London.数百架德国飞机不分昼夜地轰炸英国首都伦敦。例Paris is a city in north central France;it is the capital city of France.巴黎是位于法国中北部的一个城市，它是法国的首都。2.singular;U wealth,especially money used to produce more wealth or for starting a business 资本；资金 例W e are short of working c a p ita
42、l.我们缺少周转资金。例I started the company with a capital of$10,000.我创办这家公司时的资本是1万美元。rushv.(cause to)go or move suddenly and with great speed or energy(使)急速行进：(使)突然猛冲 例Its badmanners to rush into elevators before those inside get o f f.不等里面的人出来就冲进电梯,这是不礼貌的。例Thetour guide rushed us round the tourist attractio
43、ns in the town.导游带我们匆匆游览了小镇的各处名胜。n.C a sudden rapid and often urgent movement 冲；急速行进 例The boss left in a rush a few minutes ago.老板几分钟前匆匆离去。例I didnt know why he macle a rush at the stranger.我不明白他为什么冲向那位陌生人。videotapen.C;U (a container holding a long piece of)tape on which pictures,e.g.a television sho
44、w,are recordedand can be played back 录像带；录影带 例Her performance was recorded on videotape.她的表演已录了像。例Ikept some videotapes of classic movies.我保留了部分经典电影的录影带。providevt.cause or arrange for(someone)to have or use(something needed or useful)提供：供给 例This local hospitalprovides basic health care for people in
45、 this a re a.这家地方医院为该地区的老百姓提供基本的医疗保健服务。例This restaurant provides its guests with various wines of famous brands.这家餐馆为客人提供各种名酒。uniform!tyn.U the quality of being uniform 一样；相同；一贯 例Some residents dislike the uniformity of the housesin this area.一些居民不喜欢这个地区房屋的单一性。例There seems to be no uniformity among
46、these variousprograms.这些不同的项目之间似乎没有共性。opinionn.C;U what a person thinks about something 意见：看法；主张 例Their development plan took no accountof public opinion.他们的开发计划没有考虑公众舆论。例In m y opinion,its very dangerous for you to drive sof a s t.依我看，你驾车这么快很危险。sub-adultadj.not fully adult,not fully grown or develo
47、ped 未成年的 例These computer games are sub-adult.这些电脑游戏适合未成年人玩。例The scientists classified the birds as either sub-adult or adult based on their feathers.科学家们根据羽毛将那些鸟分为雏鸟和成年鸟。opposevt.1.disagree with something such as a plan or idea and try to stop it from happening or succeeding 反对 例His suggestion of go
48、ing skating was opposed by most of u s.我们大部分人反对他去滑冰的提议。例M y parents firmlyoppose m y plan to buy a big house.我父母坚决反对我买大房子的计划。2.fight or compete with another person or group in a battle,competition or election 反抗；对立 例W eshould spare no effort to oppose our enemies.我们应该不遗余力地抵抗敌人。例Its sometimes not the
49、 best wayto oppose force with fo rce.有时以暴抗暴不是最好的办法。by-productn.C something additional that is produced during the making of something else 副产品 例This is a by-productof the famous brand.这只是该著名品牌的一个副产品。例milk by-products牛奶副产品folk!ore U the traditional stories,customs,etc.of the ordinary people of a cert
50、ain area 民间传说；民俗 例Hewas very interested in American history and folklore even in his childhood.甚至在孩提时代他就对美国历史和民俗非常感兴趣。例This movie was based on Chinese folklore.这部影片是根据中国民间传说创作的。crimen.C;U an offence which is punishable by law;an illegal activity 罪行：犯罪 例The last few years haveseen an increase in viol