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1、2021年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（一）本试题来源于考生回忆，仅供广大考生参考，请勿用作其他用途！作文1.Suppose y our sch ool is org aniz ing an orie ntation prog ram to h e lp th e fre sh me nad apt to th e ne w e nv ironme nt and acad e mic stud ie s.You are now to w rite aproposal,w h ich may includ e its aim,d uration,participants and activ iti
2、e s.Youw i11 h av e 30 minute s to w rite th e proposal.You sh ould w rite at le ast 120 w ord sbut no more th an 180 w ord s.【正确答案】A Proposal for th e Orie ntation Prog ram De ar sch ool le ad e rs,Toh e lp fre sh me n ad just to our univ e rsity life and e ase th e ir transition intocolle g e,as a
3、 soph omore from Me d ical Sch ool,I propose th at an orie ntationprog ram sh ould be offe re d.Th e sug g e ste d d e tails are as follow s.F irst andfore most,consid e ring th e COVI D-19 pand e mic,th e prog ram combine s onlinecourse s th at stud e nts must comple te be fore th e start of classe
4、 s on Se pte mbe r8th w ith offline activ itie s to be h e ld in our g y m or play g round from Se pte mbe r1st to 7th.Th e v irtual prog ram w ill contain an introd uction to th e v ariousre source s and opportunitie s av ailable to fre sh me n,includ ing acad e mic support,h e alth and se curity k
5、now le d g e,and a w e lcome spe e ch ad d re sse d by sch ool le ad e rs,e tc.F or th e offline activ itie s,th e re w ill be military training w h ich is anopportunity for fre sh me n to socializ e w ith e ach oth e r w h ile furth e r e ng ag ingw ith campus faculty and staff.F inally,all fre sh
6、me n are re quire d toparticipate in and comple te th e orie ntation prog ram.Th roug h th is prog ram,Ibe lie v e,first-y e ar stud e nts w i11 lay th e g round w ork for future le arning,e x ploration and social ne tw orking.Yours since re ly,Li Ming词汇理解Many pe ople be lie v e th at passion and co
7、mmitme nt are th e found ations of strongromantic re lationsh ips.But a re lationsh ip is mad e of tw o Clind iv id uals.And th e pe rsonality traits（特性）th e se ind iv id uals C2or lack can ofte n make a re lationsh ip more-or le ss-like ly to C3.Re ce nt re se arch h as found th at one trait in par
8、ticular一h umility （谦逊）一is an important ind icator of succe ssful re lationsh ips.H umility cansome time s be （C4 w ith a lack of confid e nce.But re se arch e rs h av e cometo re aliz e th at be ing h umble g e ne rally ind icate s th e C5of d e e plyad mirable pe rsonal qualitie s.Be ing h umble me
9、 ans y ou h av e th e ability toaccurate ly C6 y our d e ficie ncie s w ith out d e ny ing y our skills andstre ng th s.F or e x ample,y ou mig h t re cog niz e th at y ou are inte llig e nt,butre aliz e th at y ou are not a C7 .Th us,h umility le ad s to an h one stv ie w of one s ow n ad v antag e
10、 s and sh ortcoming s.H umble pe ople d o not ig nore,av oid,or try to d e ny th e ir 1imits or d e ficie ncie s.Th e y can C8mistake s,se e v alue in th ing s th at are far from pe rfe ct and id e ntifyare as for improv e me nt.Pe rh aps it is not C9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _,th e n,th at h umilityappe ars t
11、o be a h ug e asse t to re lationsh ips.One stud y found th at pe ople te ndto rate th is quality CI O in th e ir spouse.Th e stud y also found th atsome one w h o is h umble is more like ly to initiate a romantic re lationsh ip,pe rh aps be cause th e y are le ss like ly to se e th e mse lv e s as
12、too g ood forsome one e lse.Th us,a h umble partne r mig h t be y our id e al partne r.A)acknow le d g e B)asse ss C)confuse d D)e nd ure E)e x tre me ly F)g e nius G)h ig h ly H)pe rmane nt I)posse ss J)pre se nce K)puz z le d L)status M)surprising N)th oroug h ly 0)unique【正确答案】2.Cl【正确答案】0【试题解析】空格前
13、是数词tw o,空格后是名词ind iv id uals,因此本空应填入形容词。空格所在句意为：但一段关系是由两个 个体组成的。而下一句是关于这些个体的个性特征，由此可知，本句表达的是一段关系由两个不同的个体组成，因此本空应填入含有“不同的，独特的”意义的形容词，由此确定本题答案为0)unique。3.C2【正确答案】I【试题解析】空格后是并列连词。r 和动词lack,因此空格处也应填入一个动词原形。or意 为“或者”，表示选择关系，且后面出现了 more or le ss这组意义相反的词，所以此处的动词应该与lack“缺乏”意思相反，故本空应填入含有“拥有”意义的动词，由此确定本题答案为Dp
14、osse ss。4.C3【正确答案】D【试题解析】空格前是like ly t o,因此本空应填入动词原形。空格所在句意为：这些个体拥有或缺乏的个性特征通常可以让一段关系更可能或更不可能。综合前一句可知，一段关系包括两个不同的个体，他们各自的个性特征会影响他们的关系，结合备选动词可知，本空填入含有“持续，持久”意义的动词更合适，由此确定答案为D)endure。5.C4【正确答案】C【试题解析】空格前有情态动词can和be动词原形，因此本空应填入形容词或动词的过去分词形式。空格所在句意为：谦逊有时会被 缺乏自信。由常识可知，如果一个人太谦虚，可能会被误认为是缺乏自信。因此本空应填入含有“混淆，误认
15、为 意义的词，由此确定答案为C)confused。K)puzzled与confused意思相近,但不能与with搭配使用，因此排除。6.C5【正确答案】J【试题解析】空格前有定冠词th e,后面是介词。f,因此本空应填入名词。空格所在句意为：研究人员已经意识到，谦虚通常标志着非常令人钦佩的个人品质的 o将备选项中的三个名词分别代入空格，只有J)presence“存在”符合句意，因此为正确答案。7.C6【正确答案】B【试题解析】空格所在结构是have the ability to do s th.,因此本空应填入动词原形。空格所在句意为：谦逊意味着你有能力准确地 自己的不足，同时也不否认自己的技
16、能和优势。此处应选择一个能与副词accurately以及后面宾语deficiencies搭配的动词。综合备选项可知，B)assess与deficiencies搭配，意 为“评估不足”，符合句意，为本题答案。8.C7【正确答案】F【试题解析】空格前有不定冠词a,因此本空应填入单数名词。空格所在句意为：你可能意识到自己很聪明，但也明白自己不是一个。备选项中有三个名词，其中符合句意的只有F)genius“天才”，故为本题答案。9.C8【正确答案】A【试题解析】空格前有情态动词c a n,空格后是名词，因此本空应填入动词原形。备选词中有四个选项符合要求。空格所在句意为：他们能够错误，发现那些远称不上完
17、美的事物的价值，并找出需要改进的地方。由上一句可知，谦逊的人不会忽视、避免或试图否认自己的局限或不足。那么这里表示的意思应为能够承认错误，从而改进。因此确定答案为A)acknowledge”承 认 。10.C9【正确答案】M【试题解析】空格前有形式主语i t 和动词i s,后面的t h a t 从句是真正的主语，因此本空应填入形容词。空格所在句意为：谦逊似乎是人际关系中的一笔巨大财富，这也许并不由第二段可知，谦逊是一个非常好的性格特点，那么谦逊对人际关系很重要，这一点就不足为奇了，因此本空应填入含有“惊奇，惊讶”意义的形容词，由此确定答案为 M)s u r p r i s i n g o11.
18、C I O【正确答案】G【试题解析】空格前是动宾短语r a t e t h i s q u a l i t y,因此本空应填入副词修饰r a t e。空格所在句意为：一项研究发现，人们倾向于 评价配偶的这一品质。将备选项中的三个副词分别代入空格，只有G)：h i g h l y “非常赞许地”使句意通顺，因此确定答案为G)h i g h l y r a t e h i g h l y 意为 高评价，评价很高”。长篇阅读T h e r e s a s t r e s s g a p b e t w e e n m e n a n d w o m e n A)I u s e d t o w o r
19、 k v e r y h a r d.I l o v et o c r e a t e t h i n g s,g r o w t h e m a n d s o l v e p r o b l e m s,s a i d M e n g L i,a s u c c e s s f u l a p pd e v e l o p e r i n S a n F r a n c i s c o.d i d n，t r e a l l y c a r e a b o u t m y m i n d a n d m y b o d yu n t i l t h e y d e c i d e d t
20、o g o o n s t r i k e.B)M s.L i s a i d h e r s t r e s s l e d t os l e e p l e s s n e s s.W h e n s h e d i d s l e e p,s h e e x p e r i e n c e d p r o b l e m-s o l v i n g d r e a m s,w h i c h l e f t h e r f e e l i n g u n r e s t e d w h e n s h e w o k e u p.，zA f t e r I b e c a m e a f
21、 i r s t-t i m em o t h e r,I q u i c k l y r e a l i z e d I w a s s o b u s y c a r i n g f o r o t h e r p e o p l e a n d w o r k t h a tI f e l t l i k e I d l o s t m y s e l f,z，s h e s a i d.C)I t s a c o m m o n s t o r y o n e w ef r e q u e n t l y r i d i c u l e a n d r e a d i l y d i
22、s m i s s,f o r e x a m p l e,b y c l a i m i n g t h a t w o m e nt e n d t o c o m p l a i n m o r e t h a n m e n,d e s p i t e t h e g r o w i n g s u m o f r e s e a r c h t h a tu n d e r l i n e s t h e p r o b l e m.W o m e n a r e t w i c e a s l i k e l y t o s u f f e r f r o m s e v e r
23、e s t r e s sa n d a n x i e t y a s m e n,a c c o r d i n g t o a 2016 s t u d y p u b l i s h e d i n T h e J o u r n a l o f B r a i n&B e h a v i o r.T h e A m e r i c a n P s y c h o l o g i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n r e p o r t s a g e n d e r g a p y e a ra f t e r y e a r s h o w i n g t h
24、 a t w o m e n c o n s i s t e n t l y r e p o r t h i g h e r s t r e s s l e v e l s.Cl e a r l y,a s t r e s s g a p e x i s t s.D)“T h e d i f f e r e n c e i s n o t r e a l l y n e w s t o m e,a s a c l i n i c a lp s y c h o l o g i s t,s a i d E r i n J o y c e,a w o m e n a n d c o u p l e
25、s t h e r a p i s t i n L o s A n g e l e s.I t s b e e n w e l l d o c u m e n t e d i n e x t e n s i v e r e s e a r c h o v e r t h e y e a r s t h a t p r e v a l e n c er a t e s f o r t h e m a j o r i t y o f t h e a n x i e t y d i s o r d e r s a r e h i g h e r i n w o m e n t h a n m e n
26、.”S o m e p e o p l e m a y a r g u e t h a t t h i s i s m e r e l y r e p o r t e d d a t a,a n d t h e y s a y m a n y m e nf e e l t h e s a m e p r e s s u r e s a s w o m e n i n t e r m s o f f u l f i l l i n g r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s a tw o r k a n d h o m e.I n o t h e r w o r d s,
27、w e r e a l l r e a l l y,r e a l l y s t r e s s e d.E)T h edifference,however,is in the nature and scope of these responsibilities inthe home environment in particular,D r.Joyce said.For example,the UnitedNations reported that women do nearly three times as much unpaid domestic workas men.The prob
28、lem is,housework is often overlooked as work,even though itis often as laborious(or in some cases,more so)as any paid job.As thescholar Silvia Federici put it in 1975,the unpaid nature of domestic workreinforces the assumption that housework is not work,thus preventing womenfrom struggling against i
29、t.F)Its not just inside the home,though.Researchfrom Nova Southeastern University found that female managers were more likelythan male managers to display surface acting,“or forcing emotions that arenot wholly felt.They expressed optimism,calmness and sympathy even whenthese were not the emotions th
30、at they were actually feeling,，z the study said.G)Surface acting is a prime example of emotional labor,/z a concept that thewriter Jess Zimmerman made familiar in a 2015 essay.The essay sparked amassive thread on the internet community blog Meta Filter.Hundreds of womenspoke up about their own exper
31、ience with emotional labor:the duties that areexpected of them,but go unnoticed.These invisible duties become apparent onlywhen you dont do them.Like domestic labor,emotional labor is generallydismissed and not labeled work.But research shows it can be just as exhaustingas paid work.Emotional labor
32、can lead to difficulty in sleeping and familyconflict.Sure,circumstantial stress,like losing a job,may lead to thesesame issues.But emotional labor is not circumstantial.I t s an enduringresponsibility based on the socialized gender role of women.II)Like M s.Li,many women try to manage the added str
33、ess to reach what Dr.Joyce said was anunattainable ideal.Some professional women aim to do it all.They want toreach the top of the corporate ladder and fly like supermom,，z she said.W henwomen dont reach this ideal,they feel guilty;and even more stressed.Afterher own struggle with this,M s.Li took a
34、 step back and used her experience tobuild Sanity&Self,a self-care app and platform for overworked women.Therealizations I had in that process helped m e gain insights and ultimately gotm e ready to integrate self-care into m y daily life,“she said.I)The stressproblem extends beyond mental health wh
35、en you consider the link between stress,anxiety and heart health.Worse,most of what we know about heart disease comesfrom studies involving men.However,“there are many reasons to think that itsd i f f e r e n t i n w o m e n,H a r v a r d M e d i c a l S c h o o l r e p o r t e d.F o r e x a m p l e
36、,w o m e n a r em o r e l i k e l y t o e x p e r i e n c e d i s t u r b e d s l e e p,a n x i e t y a n d u n u s u a l f a t i g u e b e f o r e ah e a r t a t t a c k.S t r e s s i s s o n o r m a l i z e d t h a t i t i s e a s y f o r w o m e n t o s h r u g o f ft h o s e s y m p t o m s a s
37、s i m p l y t h e c o n s e q u e n c e s o f s t r e s s.M a n y w o m e n a l s o d o n o te x p e r i e n c e c h e s t p a i n b e f o r e a h e a r t a t t a c k t h e w a y m e n d o,w h i c h l e a d s t of e w e r w o m e n d i s c o v e r i n g p r o b l e m a t i c h e a r t i s s u e s.H
38、a r v a r d r e p o r t s t h a t w o m e na r e “m u c h m o r e 1i k e l y t h a n m e n t o d i e w i t h i n a y e a r o f h a v i n g a h e a r t a t t a c k”a n d “m a n y w o m e n s a y t h e i r p h y s i c i a n s s o m e t i m e s d o n，t e v e n r e c o g n i z e t h es y m p t o m s.J)T
39、 h e g o o d n e w s i s,w o m e n a r e m o r e 1i k e l y t h a n m e n t o t a k e c h a r g eo f t h e i r s t r e s s a n d m a n a g e i t,t h e A m e r i c a n P s y c h o l o g i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n r e p o r t s.T h e c o n c e p t o f s e l f-c a r e,a t i t s c o r e,i s q u i t e
40、 s i m p l e.T h e b a s i c s o f a d e q u a t es l e e p,h e a l t h y d i e t a n d e x e r c i s e a r e a g o o d p l a c e t o s t a r t,，z D r.J o y c e s a i d.“S u p p o r t f r o m t r u s t e d r e l a t i o n s h i p s i s v i t a l.T h i s i n c l u d e s p r o f e s s i o n a ls u p p
41、 o r t f r o m v a r i o u s h e a l t h a n d w e l l n e s s p r o v i d e r s i f s t r e s s i s b e c o m i n gi n c r e a s i n g l y o v e r w h e l m i n g.K)D i s c o n n e c t i n g f r o m w o r k a n d h o m er e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s i s a l s o o b v i o u s l y i m p o r t a n t
42、.B u t i t s m u c h e a s i e r s a i d t h a nd o n e.I t i s i m p o r t a n t t o u n d e r s t a n d w h a t c a u s e s y o u r s t r e s s i n t h e f i r s t p l a c e.“G e t r e a l l y s p e c i f i c w i t h w h a t s s t r e s s i n g y o u o u t,M s.L i s a i d.W e o f t e nc h a l k u
43、p o u r s t r e s s t o b r o a d e x p e r i e n c e s l i k e w o r k.B u t w o r k s t r e s s c a n t a k em a n y d i f f e r e n t f o r m s.I s a c o l l e a g u e b e i n g d i s r e s p e c t f u l o f y o u r t i m e?I s ab o s s u n d e r m i n i n g y o u r d a y-t o-d a y c o n t r o l
44、o v e r d e c i s i o n m a k i n g?T h e s e a r ed i f f e r e n t c a u s e s o f s t r e s s a n d c a n b e n e f i t f r o m d i f f e r e n t k i n d s o f s e l f-c a r e.L)I d e a l l y,y o u r s p o u s e o r p a r t n e r w i l l b e s u p p o r t i v e,r a t h e r t h a n d i s m i s s i
45、 v e,o f y o u r s t r e s s.I t i s i m p o r t a n t t o t a l k t h r o u g h t h e s e i s s u e s b e f o r e t h e y c o m et o a h e a d.W o m e n w o r k i n g o u t s i d e o f t h e h o m e s h o u l d m a k e a n e f f o r t t o h a v e ac o n s c i o u s c o n v e r s a t i o n w i t h t
46、 h e i r p a r t n e r s a b o u t m o r e e q u i t a b l e s h a r i n g o fh o u s e h o l d a n d f a m i l y r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s,D r.J o y c e s a i d.【正确答案】13.S o m e c a r e e r w o m e n w h o a i m h i g h t e n d t o f e e l g u i l t y i f t h e y f a i l t o a c h i e v et h
47、e i r g o a l s.【正确答案】H【试题解析】由题干中的g u i l t y 和 f a i l t o a c h i e v e t h e i r g o a l s 定位到H)段第四句。同义转述题。定位句提到，当女性没有达到这个理想时，她们会感到内疚；而且甚至压力更大。题干中的f e e l g u i l t y 与定位句中一致，题干中的f a i l t o a c h i e v e t h e i r g o a l s是对定位句中d o n t r e a c h t h i s i d e a l 的同义转述，故答案为H）。14.T h e u n p a i
48、 d h o u s e w o r k d o n e b y w o m e n i s t r i p l e t h a t d o n e b y m e n.【正确答案】E【试题解析】由题干中的u n p a i d h o u s e w o r k 和 t r i p l e 定位到E）段第二句。同义转述题。定位句指出，联合国报告称，女性做的无偿家务劳动几乎是男性的三倍。题干中的T h e u n p a i d h o u s e w o r k 和 t r i p l e 分别对应定位句中的 u n p a i d d o m e s t i c w o r k 和 t h
49、 r e et i m e s,故答案为E）。15.I t i s r e p o r t e d t h a t w o m e n c o n s i s t e n t l y s u f f e r m o r e f r o m s e v e r e s t r e s s t h a nm e n.【正确答案】C【试题解析】由题干中的 w o m e n c o n s i s t e n t l y s u f f e r m o r e f r o m s e v e r e s t r e s s t h a nm e n 定位到C）段第二、三句。细节辨认题。定位句提到，根
50、据2016年发表在 大脑与行为杂志上的一项研究，女性遭受严重压力和焦虑的可能性是男性的两倍。题干中的s u f f e rm o r e f r o m s e v e r e s t r e s s t h a n m e n 对应定位句中的 t w i c e a s l i k e l y t o s u f f e r f r o ms e v e r e s t r e s s a n d a n x i e t y a s m e n,题干中的c o n s i s t e n t l y 与定位句中一致，故答案为C）o16.W o m e n a r e a d v i s e