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1、2021年 6 月大学英语四级真题试卷（三）本试题来源于考生回忆，仅供广大考生参考，请勿用作其他用途!作文1.Fo r t his part,y o u are al l o wed 30 m in ut es t o writ e an es s ay t it l ed Dovio l en t video gam es l ead t o vio l en ce?”Yo u s ho ul d writ e at l eas t 120 wo rds butn o m o re t han 180 wo rds.【正确答案】词汇理解N o waday s y o u can，t buy
2、an y t hin g wit ho ut t hen bein g as k ed t o pro vide a rat in g o fa co m pan yJ s perfo rm an ce o n a five-s t ar s cal e.I ve been as k ed t o rat e m y “s t o reCl o n t he EFTP O S t erm in al befo re I can pay.Even t he m o s t C2act ivit ies,s uch as cal l in g Tel s t ra o r pick in g up
3、 a parcel fro mAus t ral ia P o s t,are fo l l o wed by t ext s o r em ail s wit h s urvey s as k in g,H o w didwe do?O n l in e purchas es are C3 fo l l o wed up by a cus t o m ers at is fact io n s urvey.Co m pan ies are s o C4 fo r a hit o f s t ars t hat ify o u del et e t he s urvey t he co m p
4、an y s en ds y o u an o t her o n e.We，re C5 t orat e o ur apps when weve barel y had a chan ce t o us e t hem.O n e o n l in e co urs epro vider I us e as k s y o u what y o u t hin k o f t he co urs e aft er y o uve o n l yco m pl et ed C6 2 per cen t o f it.Eco n o m is t J as o n M urphy s ay s
5、t hatco m pan ies us e cus t o m er s at is fact io n rat in gs becaus e a C7 dis pl ay o fs t ar feedback has beco m e t he n ucl ear po wer s o urces o f t he m o dern eco n o m y.H o wever,y o u can，t hel p but C8 if t hes e co m pan ies are bas in g t heirbus in es s o n fabricat io n s (捏造的东西).
6、I C9t hat wit h o n l in e s urvey s1 jus t cl ick t he CI O t hat s cl o s es t t o m y m o us e curs o r(光标)t o gett he dam n t hin g o ff m y s creen.O ft en t he s t ar rat in g I give has far m o re t o dowit h t he k in d o f day I m havin g t han t he purchas e 1 jus t m ade.A)an n o un ce F)
7、fas cin at ed K)s hin in g B)co m m o n pl ace G)o pt io n L)s ho werin g C)co n fes s I I)pro m pt ed M)variet y D)des perat e I)ro ughl y N)vo y age E)experien ce J)ro ut in el y 0)wo n der【正确答案】2.Cl【正确答案】E【试题解析】名词辨析题。空格位于形容词性物主代词m y 之后，因此空格处需要填入名词。本句意为：在付款之前，我被要求在EFTP O S终端上对“店铺”进行评分。由第一段可知，每次购买东
8、西以后，都需要对该公司的表现进行评分，也就是顾客对店铺体验评分，因此空格处应填入含有“体验，经历”意义的名词，故本题答案为E)experien ce。3.C2【正确答案】B【试题解析】形容词辨析题。空格位于t he m o s t 之后、名词act ivit ies 之前，因此空格处需要填入形容词。本句意为：即使是最 的活动，比如打电话给澳洲电信或从澳大利亚邮政领取包裹，也会收到短信或电子邮件调查，询 问“我们做得怎么样？”。由列举的例子可知，这些都是很常见的事情，因此空格处应填入含有“常见的，普通的”意义的形容词，故本题答案为B)co m m o n pl ace。4.C3【正确答案】J【试
9、题解析】副词辨析题。空格位于本句的谓语are fo l l o wed up之间，因此空格处需要填入副词。本句意为：网上购物之后 会有客户满意度调查。第一段提到，购买任何东西都需要评分，那么网购也不例外。因此空格处应填入含有“通常”意义的副词，备选副词中 r o u t i n e l y 例行地，惯常地”最符合句意，故为本题答案。5.C 4【正确答案】D【试题解析】形容词辨析题。空格位于副词s o 之后，因此空格处需要填入形容词。本句意 为:很多公司都 需要星评，所以，如果你删除了调查，公司就会再给你发一个。由句意可知，很多公司会锲而不舍地追着顾客让他们点评，因为他们非常需要顾客的评价，因此
10、空格处应填入含有“迫切的，急需的”意义的形容词，故本题答案为D)d e s p e r a t e。6.C 5【正确答案】H【试题解析】语义理解题。空格位于b e 动词a r e 之后，空格处应填入形容词或动词的分词形式。本句意为：当我们才刚刚有机会使用一些应用软件时，我们就会 一给它们打分。由下一句可知，一个在线课程提供商在顾客刚刚使用不久时，就询问你对这门课程的看法，因此空格处应填入含有“催促，促使”意义的词，故本题答案为H)p r o m p t e d。7.C 6【正确答案】I【试题解析】副词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，空格所在部分结构完整，不缺成分，因此空格处需要填入副词。本句意为：我
11、使用过的一家在线课程提供商在你只完成了2%的课程后，就询问你对这门课程的看法。由句意可知，2%未必是确切的数字，是强调刚刚使用不久，因此空格处应填入含有“大约”意义的词，故本题答案为I)roughly另外一个备选副词J)routinely不符合句意,因此排除。8.C7【正确答案】K【试题解析】形容词辨析题。空格位于不定冠词a之后，名词display之前，因此空格处需要填入形容词。空格所在部分意为：因为一个_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 星星反馈已经成为现代经济的核心影响力来源。根据前文可知，商家评分用的是星星，而星星通常给人闪闪发光的联想，因此空格处应填入含有“闪亮的”意义的形容词，故本题答案
12、为K)shining。9.C8【正确答案】0【试题解析】动词辨析题。空格位于can t help but结构中，根据固定搭配，空格处应填入动词原形。本句意为：然而，你不禁,这些公司的业务是否以捏造的东西为基础。由句意可知，if在此处意为“是否”，因此空格处应填入含有“想知道，想了解”意义的动词，故本题答案为0)wonder。10.C9【正确答案】C【试题解析】动词辨析题。空格位于主语I之后，空格所在部分缺少谓语，因此空格处需要填入动词。本句意为：我,在做网上调查时，我只是点击离我鼠标光标最近的以便把这讨厌的东西从屏幕上弄掉。上一句提到，公司的业务也许是基于编造的东西，而本句作者以自身为例进行说
13、明。因此空格处应填入含有“承认”意义的动词，故本题答案为0 confess,11.CIO【正确答案】G【试题解析】名词辨析题。空格位于动词click和定冠词the之后，因此空格处需要填入名词。本句意为：在做网上调查时，我 只 是 点 击 离 我 鼠 标 光 标 最 近 的,以便把这讨厌的东西从屏幕上弄掉。根据常识可知，做问卷调查就是根据实际情况选择不同的回答。因此空格处应填入含有“答案，选项”意义的名词，故本题答案为G)option。长篇阅读Science of setbacks:How failure can improve career prospects A)How do earlyca
14、reer setbacks affect our long-term success?Fai lures can help us learn andovercome our fears.But disasters can still wound us.They can screw us up andset us back.Wouldn，t it be nice if there was genuine,scientificallydocumented truth to the expression“what doesnt kill you makes you stronger”?B)One w
15、ay social scientists have probed the effects of career setbacks is tolook at scientists of very similar qualifications.These scientists,forreasons that are mostly arbitrary,either just missed getting a research grantor just barely made it.In social sciences,this is known as examining”nearmisses and
16、narrow wins,in areas where merit is subjective.That allowsresearchers to measure only the effects of being chosen or not.Studies in thisarea have found conflicting results.In the competitive game of biomedicalscience,research has been done on scientists who narrowly lost or won grantmoney.It suggest
17、s that narrow winners become even bigger winners down the line.In other words,the rich get richer.C)A 2018 study published in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,for example,fol lowedresearchers in the Netherlands.Researchers concluded that those who justbarely qualified for a grant w
18、ere able to get twice as much money within thenext eight years as those who just missed out.And the narrow winners were 50percent more likely to be given a professorship.D)Others in the U S have foundsimilar effects with National Institutes of Health early-career fellowshipslaunching narrow winners
19、far ahead of close losers.The phenomenon is oftenreferred to as the Matthew effect,inspired by the Bibles wisdom that to thosewho have,more will be given.There，s a good explanation for the phenomenon inthe book The Formula:The Universal Laws of Success by Albert Laszlo Barabasi.According to Barabasi
20、,i t s easier and less risky for those in positions ofpower to choose to hand awards and funding to those whove already been sorecognized.E)This is bad news for the losers.Small early career setbacksseem to have a disproportionate effect down the line.What didnt kill themmade them weaker.But other s
21、tudies using the same technique have shown theressometimes no penalty to a near miss.Students who just miss getting into tophigh schools or universities do just as well later in 1ife as those who justmanage to get accepted.In this case,what didn，t kill them simply didn，tmatter.So is there any eviden
22、ce that setbacks might actually improve ourcareer prospects?There is now.F)In a study published in NatureCommunications,Northwestern University sociologist Dashun Wang tracked morethan 1,100 scientists who were on the border between getting a grant andm i s s i n g o u t be t w e e n 1 9 9 0 a n d 2
23、 0 0 5.H e f o l l o w e d v a r i o u s m e a s u r e s o f p e r f o r m a n c eo v e r t h e n e x t d e c a d e.T h e s e i n c l u d e d h o w m a n y p a p e r s t h e y a u t h o r e d a n d h o wi n f l u e n t i a l t h o s e p a p e r s w e r e,a s m e a s u r e d by t h e n u m be r o f s
24、 u bs e q u e n tc i t a t i o n s.A s e x p e c t e d,t h e r e w a s a m u c h h i g h e r r a t e o f a t t r i t i o n (减 员)a m o n gs c i e n t i s t s w h o d i d n，t g e t g r a n t s.B u t a m o n g t h o s e w h o s t a y e d o n,t h e c l o s el o s e r s p e r f o r m e d e v e n be t t e
25、 r t h a n t h e n a r r o w w i n n e r s.T o m a k e s u r e t h i s w a s n tby c h a n c e,W a n g c o n d u c t e d a d d i t i o n a l t e s t s u s i n g d i f f e r e n t p e r f o r m a n c e m e a s u r e s.H e e x a m i n e d h o w m a n y t i m e s p e o p l e w e r e f i r s t a u t h o
26、 r s o n i n f l u e n t i a l s t u d i e s,a n d t h e l i k e.G)O n e s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d r e a s o n c l o s e l o s e r s m i g h t o u t p e r f o r mn a r r o w w i n n e r s i s t h a t t h e t w o g r o u p s h a v e c o m p a r a bl e a bi l i t y.I n W a n g s s t u d y,h e s e
27、l e c t e d t h e m o s t d e t e r m i n e d,p a s s i o n a t e s c i e n t i s t s f r o m t h e l o s e r g r o u p a n dc u l l e d (易i j除)w h a t h e d e e m e d t h e w e a k e s t m e m be r s o f t h e w i n n e r g r o u p.Y e t t h ep e r s e v e r i n g l o s e r s s t i l l c a m e o u
28、t o n t o p.H e t h i n k s t h a t be i n g a c l o s e l o s e rm i g h t g i v e p e o p l e a p s y c h o l o g i c a l bo o s t,o r t h e p r o v e r bi a l k i c k i n t h e p a n t s.H)U t r e c h t U n i v e r s i t y s o c i o l o g i s t A r n o u t v a n d e R i j t w a s t h e l e a d a
29、u t h o r o n t h e2 0 1 8 p a p e r s h o w i n g t h e r i c h g e t r i c h e r.H e s a i d t h e n e w f i n d i n g i s a p p a r e n t l yr e a s o n a bl e a n d w o r t h s o m e a t t e n t i o n.U i s o w n w o r k s h o w e d t h a t a l t h o u g h t h en a r r o w w i n n e r s d i d g
30、e t m u c h m o r e m o n e y i n t h e n e a r f u t u r e,t h e a c t u a lp e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e c l o s e l o s e r s w a s j u s t a s g o o d.I)H e s a i d t h e p e o p l e w h os h o u l d be p a y i n g r e g a r d t o t h e W a n g p a p e r a r e t h e f u n d i n g a g e n t s w
31、 h o d i s t r i bu t eg o v e r n m e n t g r a n t m o n e y.A f t e r a l l,by c o n t i n u i n g t o p i l e r i c h e s o n t h e n a r r o ww i n n e r s,t h e t a x p a y e r s a r e n o t g e t t i n g t h e m a x i m u m ba n g f o r t h e i r bu c k i f t h ec l o s e l o s e r s a r e p
32、e r f o r m i n g j u s t a s w e l l o r e v e n be t t e r.T h e r e*s a h u g e a m o u n to f t i m e a n d e f f o r t t h a t g o e s i n t o t h e p r o c e s s o f s e l e c t i n g w h o g e t s g r a n t s,h es a i d,a n d t h e l a t e s t r e s e a r c h s h o w s t h a t t h e s c i e n
33、 t i f i c e s t a bl i s h m e n t i s n o tv e r y g o o d a t d i s t r i bu t i n g m o n e y.M a y be w e s h o u l d s p e n d l e s s m o n e y t r y i n g t of i g u r e o u t w h o i s be t t e r t h a n w h o,z/h e s a i d,s u g g e s t i n g t h a t s o m e m o r e e q u a ld i v i d i n
34、g u p o f m o n e y m i g h t be m o r e p r o d u c t i v e a n d m o r e e f f i c i e n t.V a n d e R i j ts a i d h e s n o t c o n v i n c e d t h a t l o s i n g o u t g i v e s p e o p l e a p s y c h o l o g i c a l bo o s t.I tm a y y e t be a s e l e c t i o n e f f e c t.E v e n t h o u g
35、 h W a n g t r i e d t o a c c o u n t f o r t h i s byc u l l i n g t h e w e a k e s t w i n n e r s,i t s i m p o s s i bl e t o k n o w w h i c h o f t h e w i n n e r s w o u l dh a v e q u i t h a d t h e y f o u n d t h e m s e l v e s o n t h e l o s i n g s i d e.J)F o r h i s p a r t,W a n
36、 gs a i d t h a t i n h i s o w n e x p e r i e n c e,l o s i n g d i d l i g h t a m o t i v a t i n g f i r e.H er e c a l l e d a r e c e n t p a p e r h e s u bm i t t e d t o a j o u r n a l,w h i c h a c c e p t e d i t o n l y t or e q u e s t e x t e n s i v e e d i t i n g,a n d t h e n r e
37、 v e r s e d c o u r s e a n d r e j e c t e d i t.H es u bm i t t e d t h e u n e d i t e d v e r s i o n t o a m o r e r e s p e c t e d j o u r n a l a n d g o t a c c e p t e d.K)I n s p o r t s a n d m a n y a r e a s o f l i f e,w e t h i n k o f f a i l u r e s a s e v i d e n c e o f s o m e
38、 t h i n gw e c o u l d h a v e d o n e be t t e r.W e r e g a r d t h e s e d i s a p p o i n t m e n t s a s a f a t e w e c o u l dh a v e a v o i d e d w i t h m o r e c a r e f u l p r e p a r a t i o n,d i f f e r e n t t r a i n i n g,a be t t e rs t r a t e g y,o r m o r e f o c u s.A n d t
39、h e r e i t m a k e s s e n s e t h a t f a i l u r e s s h o w u s t h er o a d t o s u c c e s s.T h e s e p a p e r s d e a l w i t h a k i n d o f f a i l u r e p e o p l e h a v e l i t t l ec o n t r o l o v e r-r e j e c t i o n.O t h e r s d e t e r m i n e w h o w i n s a n d w h o l o s e
40、s.B u t a t t h ev e r y l e a s t,t h e r e s e a r c h i s s t a r t i n g t o s h o w t h a t e a r l y s e t ba c k s d o n,t h a v e t obe f a t a l.T h e y m i g h t e v e n m a k e u s be t t e r a t o u r j o bs.G e t t i n g p a i d l i k e aw i n n e r,t h o u g h?T h a t*s a d i f f e r e
41、 n t m a t t e r.【正确答案】1 3.B e i n g a c l o s e l o s e r c o u l d g r e a t l y m o t i v a t e o n e t o p e r s e v e r e i n t h e i rr e s e a r c h.【正确答案】G【试题解析】倒数第一句提到，作为一个略输者可能会给人们带来心理上的激励，或俗话所说的一种有激励效果的意外挫折。题干中的m o t i v a t e 对应原文中的g i v e p e o p l e ap s y c h o l o g i c a l bo o s t,
42、题干中的 p e r s e v e r e i n t h e i r r e s e a r c h 对应原文中的p e r s e v e r i n g l o s e r s,故答案为 G)1 4.G r a n t a w a r d e r s t e n d t o f a v o r r e s e a r c h e r s a l r e a d y r e c o g n i z e d i n t h e i rr e s p e c t i v e f i e l d s.【正确答案】D【试题解析】定位句指出，巴拉巴西认为，对于那些掌权者来说，选择把奖项和资金交给那
43、些已经得到认可的人更容易，风险也更小。题干中的G r a n t a w a r d e r s 和 r e s e a r c h e r sa l r e a d y r e c o g n i z e d 分别对应定位句中的 t h o s e i n p o s i t i o n s o f p o w e r 1 1 t h o s e w h o v ea l r e a d y be e n s o r e c o g n i z e d,而题干中的f a v o r 表明颁奖者的倾向，与定位句中的e a s i e r a n d l e s s r i s k y 相对应，
44、故答案为 D)。1 5.S u f f e r i n g e a r l y s e t ba c k s m i g h t h e l p p e o p l e i m p r o v e t h e i r j o b p e r f o r m a n c e.【正确答案】K【试题解析】定位句提到，但至少，研究开始表明，早期的挫折不一定是致命的。它们甚至可以让我们在工作上做得更好。题干中的h e l p p e o p l e i m p r o v e t h e i r j o bp e r f o r m a n c e 对应原文中的 m a k e u s b e t t
45、e r a t o u r j o b s,故答案为 K)。16.R e s e a r c h b y s o c i a l s c i e n t i s t s o n t h e e f f e c t s o f c a r e e r s e t b a c k s h a s p r o d u c e dc o n t r a d i c t o r y f i n d i n g s.【正确答案】B【试题解析】定位句指出，这一领域的研究发现了相互矛盾的结果。题干中的Researchby social scientists on the effects of career s
46、etbacks 指的就是定位句中的Studies in this a re a,而题干中的 contradictory findings 对应定位句中的conflicting re su lts,故答案为 B）。17.It is not to the best interest of taxpayers to keep giving money to narrowwinners.【正确答案】I【试题解析】定位句提到，如果略输者表现同样好甚至更好，通过继续把财富积累在少数赢家身上，纳税人并没有得到最大的回报。定位句中的riches指的就是money。题干中的the best interest o
47、f taxpayers 和 keep giving money to narrow winners 又寸应原文中的 getting the maximum bang for their buck continuing to pile riches on thenarrow w inners,故答案为 I）。18.Scientists who persisted in research without receiving a grant made greaterachievements than those who got one with luck,as suggested in one st
48、udy.【正确答案】F【试题解析】定位句指出，在那些留下来的人中，略输者甚至比险胜者表现得更好。题干中的 Scientists who persisted in research without receiving a grant 和 madegreater achievements 分另ij对应定位句中的 the close losers 和 performed evenb e tte r,而题干中的those who got one with luck指的就是定位句中的the narrowwinners,题干中的persisted in research是对定位句中的stayed on的同
49、义转述，故答案为F）。19.A research paper rejected by one journal may get accepted by another.【正确答案】J【试题解析】定位句提到，他回忆起最近他提交给某杂志的一篇论文，该杂志接受了这篇论文，却要求进行大量的编辑，然后又改口拒绝了这篇论文。他将未经编辑的版本提交给了一家更受尊敬的杂志，并被接受了。题干中的A research paper对应原文中的arecent paper,题干是对定位句的归纳概括，故答案为J）。20.According to one recent study,narrow winners of rese
50、arch grants had betterchances to be promoted to professors.【正确答案】C【试题解析】定位句指出，险胜的人获得教授职位的可能性高出50%。题干中的narrowwinners of research grants 和 professors 分别对应定位句中的 the narrow winners 和p r o f e s s o r s h i p,而题干中的 h a d b e t t e r c h a n c e s 就是对定位句中的 w e r e 50 p e r c e n tm o r e l i k e l y 的同义转述