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1、考 研 英 语 阅 读 讲 义金 榜 时 代三考研英语阅读的出题点（一）文章的首段和尾段一篇文章的首、尾段通常是具有总结性的段落,最能表达中心，因此成为出题人偏爱的出题点。2004 年54.Why can many people see u silver liningsM to the economic slowdown?A fhey would benefit in certain ways.B The stock market shows signs of recovery.C Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.D The purchasing
2、 power would be enhanced.对应定位点是该文的最后一段的首句：Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown.Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates.Employers wouldn I mind a little fewerbubbles in the job market.Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings,which investors now v
3、iew as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom.Diners might see an upside,too.Getting a table at Manhattan,s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible.Notanymore.For that,Greenspan&Co.may still be worth toasting.2004 年56.What do American parents expect their children to acquire in sc
4、hool?A The habit of thinking independently.B Profound knowledge of the world.C Practical abilities for future career._ D The confidence in intellectual pursuits.定位在该篇文章的第一段：Americans today don I place a veiy high value on intellect.Ourheroes are athletes,entertainers,and entrepreneurs,not scholars.E
5、ven our schools are where wesend our children to get a practical education-not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge.Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren t difficult to find.2006 年26.From the first two Paragraphs,we learn that.A the townsfolk deny the RSC s contribu
6、tion to the town s revenueF研英语阅读讲义 金榜时代_ B the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stageC the two blanches of the RSC are not on good termsD the townsfolk earn little from tourism定位在第一段和第二段:StratfordonAvon,as we all know,has only one industiy-WilliamShakespeare but there are two distinc
7、tly separate and increasingly hostile branches.There is theRoyal Shakespeare Company(ASC),which presents superb productions of the plays at theShakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon.And there are the townsfolk who largely live off thetourists who come,not to see the plays,but to look at Anne Hatha
8、way*s Cottage,Shakespeare,sbirthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenueThey frankly dislike the RSC s actors,them with their long hair and beards and sandals andnoisiness.It s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shak
9、espeare,who earns their living,was himself an actor(with a beard)and did his share of noise-making.2008 年21.Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?A Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.B Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.C Women are more e
10、xperienced than men in coping with stress.D Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.定 位 在 第 一 段 和 第 二 段：While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modem life,women appear lo be way ahead in at least one undesirable category.Women are particularlysusceptible lo develop
11、ing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,“according to Dr.Yehuda,chief psychiatrist at New Yorks Veterans Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stressresponse,causing females under stress to produc
12、e more of the trigger chemicals than do males underthe same conditions.In several of the studies,when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries(thefemale reproductive organs)removed,their chemical responses became equal to those of the males（二）某段的段首和段尾句既然首、尾段是一篇文章的中心，那一段的段首、段尾句显然是一段的重点处，无论这一段讲述的是什么
13、内容、出什么题目，和这一段的中心都密切相关。2004 年59.Emerson,according to the text,is probablyA a pioneer of education reformB an opponent of intellectualism 2 考 研 英 语 阅 读 讲 义金 榜 时 代C a scholar in favor of inlelledD an advocate of regular schooling根 据Emerson,定 位 在 该 文 章 的 第 五 段 的 首 句：Ralph Waldo Emerson and otherTranscen
14、dentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraintson children：”We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and comeout at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.”Mark Twain,s Huckleberry Finnexemplified American a
15、nti-intellectualism.Its hero avoids being civilizedgoing to school andlearning to readso he can preserve his innate goodness.2005 年22.The statement“it is all too monkey”(Last line,paragraph 1)implies that.A monkeys are also outraged by slack rivalsB resenting unfairness is also monkeys,natureC monke
16、ys,like humans,tend to be jealous of each otherD no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions定位在第一段的最后一句话：Everybody loves a fat pay rise.Yet pleasure at your own canvanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.Indeed,if he has a reputation forslacking,you might even be
17、 outraged.Such behaviour is regarded as uall too human”,with theunderlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense ofgrievance.But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emoiy University in Atlanta,Georgia,which has just been published in Nature,sugge
18、sts that it is all too monkey,as well.2006 年23.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.A are resistant to homogenizationB exert a great influence on American culture C are hardly a threat Io the common cultureD constitute the majority of the population定位在第二段：Immigrants are quickly fitting i
19、nto this common culture,which may not bealtogether elevating but is hardly poisonous.Writing for the National Immigration Forum,GregoryRodriguez reports that today s immigration is neither al unprecedented level nor resistant toassimilation.In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population；in 1900,1
20、3.6 percent.In the 10years prior to 1990,3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents；in the 10 years prior to 1890,9.2 for eveiy 1 ,000.Now,consider three indices of assimilation-language,home ownership andintermarriage.3 考 研 英 语 阅 读 讲 义金 榜 时 代2008 年34.We learn from the last paragraph that in t
21、he near f ut ur e.A the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size.B the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.C genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen.D the existing data of human height will still be applicable.定位在最后一段：Genetic maximums can change,but don,t expec
22、t this to happen soon.Claire C J Gordon,senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick,Mass.,ensuresthat 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration.She says that,unlikethose for basketball,the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time.And
23、 if you needto predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment,Gordon says that by andlarge,u you could use today*s data and feel fairly confident.M（三举例处）举例处也经常成为考查的要点，通查考察举例的目的是什么。本部分不做细节论述，因为例证题是我们第二节课的一种做题方法,请同学们参考第二节具体方法讲解部分。（四）引用处引用包括两种，包括单词的引用和句子的引用。单词的引用就是文章里面有一个单词或一个短语
24、，就是一个或两个单词带了双引号;句子的引用通常是某个人说的一句话。无论是单词的引用还是句子引用处,都是出题人偏爱出题的点。其实同学们很容易理解为什么某人说的一句话通常是出题点，因为作者引用这句话，就类似于举例，目的是证明自己的观点的。2008 年39.Which of the following is true according to the text?A Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.B Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.C Slave
25、owners usually had large savings accounts._ D Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.该题目定位在：For one thing,the South could not afford to part with its slaves.Owning slaveswas“like having a large bank account,M says Wiencek,author of An Impeifect God：GeorgeWashington,His Slaves,and the Creatio
26、n of America.The southern states would not have signedthe Constitution without protections for the u peculiar institution,T，including a clause that counted aslave as three fifths of a man for puiposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen s political lives depended on slavery.The three-f
27、ifths formula handedJefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern 4考 研 英 语 阅 读 讲 义金 榜 时 代states in the Electoral College.Once in office,Jefferson extended slavery with the LouisianaPurchase in 1803；the new land was carved into 13 states,incl
28、uding three slave states.2009 年24.Dawna Markova would most probably agree thatA ideas are born of a relaxing mind B innovativeness could be taught C decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas D curiosity activates creative minds定位的段落是：“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonde
29、r,saysDawna Markova,author of“The Open Mindr and an executive change consultant for ProfessionalThinking Partners.But we are taught instead to t decide,just as our president calls himself 4 theDecider.?She adds,however,that 4 4 to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one.A goodinnovational th
30、inker is always exploring the many other possibilities.M2009 年25.Ms.Markova,s comments suggest that the practice of standard t es t i ng?A prevents new habits form being formed B no longer emphasizes commonness C maintains the inherent American thinking model D complies with the American belief syst
31、em定位在该文章的最后一段:The cunent emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysisand procedure,meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes ofthought.This breaks the major nde in the American belief systemthat anyone can do anything,vexplains M.J.Ryan,author of the 2006 b
32、ook This Year I Will.and Ms.Markova)s businesspartner.2009 年28.Skeptical obsen-ers believe that ancestry testing fails to.A trace distant ancestors B rebuild reliable bloodlines C fully use genetic information D achieve the claimed accuracy定位在 But some observers are skeptical,“There is a kind of fal
33、se precision being hawked bypeople claiming they are doing ancestry testing,M says Trey Duster,a New York Universitysociologist.He notes that each individual has many anceslors-numbering in the hundreds just a fewcenturies back.Yel most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage,either the Y c
34、hromosome 5 无水印版由【公众号：小盆学长】免费提供更多考研英语视频文档资料，【公众号：小盆学长】，回 复【英语】免费获取更多考研押题资料视频，【公众号：小盆学长】免费提供更多考研英语预测卷，【公众号：小盆学长】，回 复【英语】免费获取无水印版由【公众号：小盆学长】免费提供考 研 英 语 阅 读 讲 义金 榜 时 代i n h e r i t e d t h r o u g h m e n i n a f a t h e r *s l i n e o r m i t o c h o n d r i a l DNA,w h i c h a p a s s e d d o w n o n
35、 l y f r o mm o t h e r s.T h i s DNA c a n r e v e a l g e n e t i c i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t o n l y o n e o r t w o a n c e s t o r s,e v e n t h o u g h,f o re x a m p l e,j u s t t h r e e g e n e r a t i o n s b a c k p e o p l e a l s o h a v e s i x o t h e r g r e a t-g r a n d p a r
36、 e n t s o r,f o u rg e n e r a t i o n s b a c k,1 4 o t h e r g r e a t-g r e a t-g r a n d p a r e n t s.(五)逻辑关系同处逻辑关系词是体现上下句关系最好的标志。也就是说,即使某句话没有读懂，也能通过逻辑关系词根据已知句子的意思，推测未知句子的意思。这也是出题人的意图：考查学生的逻辑分析能力。阅读中重要的逻辑关系如下：1 .对比关系转折词的例外：1)Y e s,n e w t e c h n o l o g y h a s b e e n e a t i n g j o b s f o
37、 r e v e r,a n d a l w a y s w i l l.B u t t h e r e *s b e e n a na c c e l e r a t i o n.A s D a v i d s o n n o t e s.(英二 2 0 1 3 t e x t 1 )2)A d e a l i s a d e a l-e x c e p t,a p p a r e n t l y,w h e n E n t e r g y i s i n v o l v e d.T h e c o m p a n y,a m a j o re n e r g y s u p p l i e
38、 r i n N e w E n g l a n d,p r o v o k e d j u s t i f i e d o u t r a g e i n V e r m o n t l a s t w e e k w h e n i l a n n o u n c e di t w a s r e n e g i n g o n a l o n g s t a n d i n g c o m m i t m e n t t o a b i d e b y i h e s t r i c t n u c l e a r r e g u l a l i o n s.Instead,t h e
39、c o m p a n y h a s c l o n e p r e c i s e l y w h a t i t h a d l o n g p r o m i s e d i t w o u l d n o t ：c h a l l e n g e t h ec o n s t i t u t i o n a l i t y o f V e r m o n t5 s r u l e s i n t h e f e d e r a l c o u r t,a s p a r t o f a d e s p e r a t e e f f o r t t o k e e p i t sV
40、e n n o n t Y a n k e e n u c l e a r p o w e r p l a n t r u n n i n g.I t s a s t u n n i n g m o v e.(2 0 1 2 t e x t l )2 .因果关系因果关系是英语中最常见的逻辑关系。3.总结关系常见的词有c o n c l u d e /s u g g e s t/p r o v e/f i n c l/s h o w/r e v e a l t h a t等。总结性的词后一般是结论性的内容,通常是出题人关注的地方。4.递进关系常见的词有b e s i d e s,f u r t
41、h e r m o r e,m o r e i m p o r t a n t l y,a b o v e a l l,需要注意的是，遇到表示递进的词,递进词后的内容才是重点。,6考 研 英 语 阅 读 讲 义金 榜 时 代5.比较级处常见的词有 more,less,better,taller 等。2006 年31.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that.A large animal were vulnerable to the changing environmentB small specie
42、s survived as large animals disappearedC large sea animals may face the same threat todayD slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones定位在这一段：When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world,something strangehappened to the large animals.They suddenly became extinct.Smaller species survived.The
43、 large,slow-growing animals were easy game,and were quickly hunted to extinction.Now something similarcould be happening in the oceans.2005 年23.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen fbr the research most probably because they areA more inclined to weigh what they get_ B attentive lo researchers*instru
44、ctionsC nice in both appearance and temperamentD more generous than their male companions该题目定位在：The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys.They look cute.They are good-natured,cooperative creatures,and they share their food tardily.Above all,like their female human counte
45、rparts,they tend to pay much closer attention to the valueof“goods and services“than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates fbr Dr.Brosnan s and Dr.de waal s study.2005 年25.What can we infer from the last paragiaph?A Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions._ B Human indign
46、ation evolved from an uncertain source.C Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.定位在最后一段：The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys,like humans,are guided bysocial emotions.In the wiki,they are a cooperative,group-living
47、species.Such cooperation is likelyto be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.Feelings of righteous indignation,itseems,are not the preserve of people alone.Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these 7 F研英语阅读讲义 金榜时代feelings abundantly clear lo other members of the group.How
48、ever,whether such a sense of fairnessevolved independently in capuchins and humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestor thatthe species had 35 million years ago,is,as yet,an unanswered cjuestion2009 年29.In the last paragraph,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is.A disorganized data c
49、olleclion B overlapping database building C excessive sample comparison D lack of patent evaluation定位在：Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the referencecollections to which a sample is compared.Databases used by some companies don t rely on datacollected systematica
50、lly but rather lump together information from different research projects.Thismeans that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results,fnaddition,the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and notsubject to peer review or outside ev