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1、 外刊改编题上海高考语法专训外刊改编题上海高考语法专训三 1There has, in recent years, been an outpouring of information about the impact of buildings 1_the natural environment. Information which explains and promotes green and sustainable construction design, strives to convince others of its efficacy (功效) and warns of the dan
2、gers of ignoring the issue. Seldom 2_ these documents offer any advice to practitioners, such as those designing mechanical and electrical systems for a building, on how to use this knowledge on a practical level. 3_ there are a good many advocates of “green” construction in the architectural indust
3、ry, able to list enough reasons why buildings should be designed in a sustainable way, not to mention plenty of architectural firms with experience in green design, this is not enough to make green construction come into being. The driving force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal
4、environmental impact 4_(lie) with the owner of the building; that is, the person financing the project. If the owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then more than likely, it will not be factored into the design.The commissioning (委任) process plays a key role in ensur
5、ing the owner gets the building he wants, in terms of design, costs and risk. At the predesign stage, the owners objectives and expectations 5_(discuss) and documented. This gives a design team a solid foundation on which they can build their ideas. Owners 6_ skip the commissioning process, or fail
6、to take “green” issues into account when doing so, often come a cropper once their building is up and running. Materials and equipment are installed as planned, and, at first glance, appear to fulfil their purpose adequately. However, in time, the owner realizes operational and maintenance costs are
7、 higher than necessary, and 7_ the occupants are dissatisfied with the results. These factors in turn lead to higher ownership costs as well as increased environmental impact.In some cases, an owner may be aware of the latest trends in sustainable building design. However, firms should not take it a
8、s read that the client already has an idea of how green he intends the structure to be. Indeed, this initial interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for a designer to outline and promote the ways that green design can meet the clients objectives, thus 8_(turn) a project originally not d
9、estined for green design into a potential candidate.Typically, when considering whether turning 9_(adopt) a green approach, an owner will ask about additional costs or return for investment. In a typical project, landscape architects, mechanical and electrical engineers do not become 10_(involve) un
10、til a much later stage. However, there may be financial advantage for the client in choosing a greener design. There are examples of green designs which have demonstrated lower costs for long-term operation, ownership and even construction. 参考答案1. On，考察介词，impact的搭配 2. do，考察部分倒装3. although，考察状语从句 4.
11、lies，考察时态语态主谓一致 5. are discussed，考察时态语态主谓一致 6. who，考察定语从句 7. that，考察并列宾语从句 8. to adopt，考察不定式 9. involved，考察过去分词2American writer A.N.DEVERS was at a rare-book fair in New York City in 2015 1_ she noticed a Joan Didion title selling for just $25.Then she saw the price tag of a novel by the equally fam
12、ous Cormac McCarthy:about$600.I realized we dont value womens work the same way we do mens, Devers says. Its depressing. But its also exciting, 2_ I can do something about it.Three years later, after moving to London and joining the U.K.s booming rare-book trade, Devers opened the red doors of her n
13、ew bookstore, the Second Shelf. 3_(locate) in a quiet courtyard off the busy streets of Londons Soho, the store almost exclusively stocks rare books by women(alongside a handful of male-authored books about women).The focus is modern fiction: Elizabeth Bowen novels, romances by Rosamunde Pilcher, po
14、etry by Ntozake Shange.Devers skill for finding overlooked jewels 4_(polish) during a childhood of Visits to yard sales in towns across the U.S., a result of her familys following her fathers Air Force job. Some of her most sought-after recent finds were works by Miriam Tlali, the first black woman
15、5_(publish) a novel in South Africa. Devers hit on her 1975 debut in a charity store and quickly sourced and sold 15 more Tlali books.In 6_(collect) these works, the Second Shelf is correcting a historical imbalance 7_ has allowed women s literary achievements to be eclipsed. Bookdealers have tended
16、 to be men; much of the trades early material was collected by country gentlemen who ran estates and amassed libraries of books to show their wealth and intelligence, Devers says. She argues that theyve been like their peers in other male-led creative industries-8_(include) television, film and the
17、news mediabecause“they focus on themselves.”That past contributes to a plain absence of womens work among the books considered to be valuable cultural objects. In January, the Second Shelf went viral （走红） on Twitter after Devers pointed out that only nine books by women appeared in a list, produced
18、by a trade website, of the 500 biggest sales at auction in the books-and-paper field last year. Even among more recently published works, a 2018 study found, titles by women are on average priced 45%lower than books by men.In recent years, calls 9_(go) out to read only books by women for a year and
19、for universities to expand their curriculums. The observance of Womens History Month in the U.S. has also made March a time for publishers to suggest fitting reading lists. Devers shop is the physical site of that movement challenging the current situation. Weve been taught to find value in somethin
20、g really narrow, she says. Its time to explore 10_ different.参考答案10. When，考察定语从句 11. because，考察状语从句 12. Located，考察过去分词 13. was polished，考察时态语态主谓一致 14. to publish，考察不定式做后置定语 15. collecting，考察动名词作宾语 16. that/which，考察定语从句 17. including, 考察现在分词 18. have gone，考察时态语态主谓一致，现在完成时 19. something，考察代词3A secreti
21、ve facial recognition program “could announce the end of public anonymity (匿名),” 1_(say) Kashmir Hill in The New York Times. 2_ police departments have used facial recognition tools for years, theyve been limited to 3_(search) government-provided images, for example drivers license photos. Now an ap
22、p called Clearview AI can remove images of faces “from across the internet”including social media sites like Facebook and Twitter, employment sites, even Venmogathering a database of more than 3 billion photos. “Until now, technology that readily identifies everyone based on his or her face 4_(forbi
23、d) because of its invasion of privacy.” Clearview licenses its technology to more than 600 law implementation agencies. New York City passed on the app after a 90-day test, worried about potential misuse. Clearviews investors “predict that its app will eventually be available to the public.” Soon, “
24、5_(search) someone by face could become as easy as Googling a name.”Adrian Chen said in The California Sunday Magazine, “ weve been building toward this moment for a long time”. In the late 1800s, the French police officer Alphonse Bertillon devised the first “method for identifying criminals 6_(bas
25、e) on their physical features,” using 11 physical measurements. But scale changes everything. The Department of Homeland Security plans to scan “97 percent of all passengers on outgoing international flights.” And the technology has been improved and commercialized to the point 7_ you can search a d
26、atabase and buy scans for as little as “40 cents an image if you opt for Amazons facial recognition software plan.”All this has already led to growing fears about facial recognition, said Janosch Delcker and Cristiano Lima in P, but “efforts 8_(check) its spread are hitting a wall of resistance on b
27、oth sides of the Atlantic.” 9_ two-party push to limit the governments use of facial recognition has been delayed in Congress. The European Union (EU) is discussing a five-year temporary ban, but European privacy rules contain “a broad carve-out for public authorities.” And authorities are using it:
28、 Londons police just last week enabled live facial recognition for cameras across the city.Even if some bans 10_ the technology succeed, said Bruce Schneier in The New York Times, were still building an “observation society.” Facial recognition is just one identification technology among many. An en
29、tirely unregulated data industry is already creating “descriptions of who we are and what our interests are” by tracking our movements, purchases, and interactions. “We are being identified without our knowledge, and society needs rules about when that is permissible.” 参考答案20. said，考察谓语 21. while/th
30、ough，考察状语从句22. searching，考察动名词做宾语23. has been forbidden，考察时态语态主谓一致，现在完成时 24. searching，考察动名词做主语 25. based，考察过去分词 26. where，考察定语从句，抽象地点 27. to check，考察不定式做后置定语 28. A，考察冠词 29. On，考察介词4Getting active in midlife could be as good for you as starting young when it comes to 1_ (reduce) the risk of an early
31、 death, researchers have suggested. But experts say the study also shows that the benefits fade once exercise 2_(decline). “3_you maintain an active lifestyle or participate in some sort of exercise from youth to middle age, you can reduce your risk for dying,” said Dr. Pedro Saint-Maurice, the lead
32、 author of the research. “If you are not active and you get to your 40s - 50s and you decide to become active, you can still enjoy a lot of those benefits.”The study 4_(base) on data from more than 300,000 Americans aged 50 - 71 who undertook a questionnaire（问卷）in the late-1990s. They were asked to
33、recall the extent of their moderate to vigorous leisure exercise at different stages of their life. Researchers then used national records to track who died in the years up to the end of 2016. After 5_(take) into account factors including age, sex, smoking and diet, the team found that those who wer
34、e exercising into middle age had a 6_(low) risk of death when compared with those who had never carried out any leisure exercise. However, when the team looked at different patterns in the way 7_ _ people were active over their life, it found a surprise. Men and women who started exercising at the a
35、ge of 40 - 50 reduced their risk of death from any cause by about 35%. The benefit was similar to that seen for people who reached and maintained similar activity from their teens or 20s onwards. However, the study found that the protective effect of exercise did not last forever. People 8_ levels o
36、f leisure exercise decreased by middle age had no difference in the risk of an early death to those who had always been couch potatoes. “If you have been active and you slowly decrease your exercise participation as you age, you lose a lot of the benefits that we know 9_(associate) with exercise,” S
37、aint - Maurice said. But the study has limitations, including that it is based on individuals recalling 10_ active they were many years before. Whats more, the research looked only at death records, not other aspects of health such as levels of sickness and disease. Nonetheless, he said, the message
38、 was positive. “This adds to the growing body of evidence about the importance of physical activity and exercise across the life course, and indicates that it is never too late to start.”参考答案30. Reducing，考察动名词做宾语 31. declines，考察谓语，时态语态主谓一致 32. If，考察状语从句 33. was based，考察谓语，时态语态主谓一致 34. taking，考察动名词做宾语 35. lower，考察形容词比较级 36. in which，考察定语从句 37. whose，考察定语从句 38. are associated，考察谓语，时态语态主谓一致，主语是the benefits 39. how，考察宾语从句第 3 页 共 4 页学科网（北京）股份有限公司