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1、外刊改编题一一上海高考语法专训六11 easterners and westerners think in different ways is not mere prejudice. Manypsychological studies 2(conduct) over the past two decades suggest Westerners have a more individualistic, analytic and abstract mental life than do East Asians. Several hypotheses have been put forward t
2、o explain this.One, that modernization promotes individualism, falls at the first hurdle: Japan, an ultramodern country 3 people have retained a collective outlook. A second, that a higherrate of infectious disease in a place makes contact with strangers more dangerous, and causes groups to turn inw
3、ard, is hardly better. Europe has had its share of plagues; probably more than either Japan or Korea.That led Thomas Talheim of the University of Virginia and his colleagues to look into a third suggestion: that the crucial difference is agricultural. The basic West crop is wheat; the Easts rice. Be
4、fore the mechanization of agriculture a farmer who grew rice had to spend twice as many hours doing so as one who grew wheat. 4(organize) labour efficiently, especially at times of planting and harvesting, rice-growing societies as far apart as India, Malaysia and Japan all develop co-operative labo
5、ur exchanges which let neighbors stagger their farms schedules in order to assist each other during these crucial periods. Since, until recently almost everyone alive was a farmer, it is a reasonable hypothesis 5 such a collective outlook would dominate a societysculture and behaviour, and might pro
6、ve so deep-rooted, to some extent, 6 even now, whenmost people earn their living in other ways, it helps to define their lives.Mr. Talheim realized that this idea is testable. Large areas of Asia, particularly in the north, depend not on rice, but on wheat. That, as he explains in a paper in Science
7、, 7(let) him and his team put some flesh on this theorys bones. The team gathered almost 1,200 volunteers from all over Asia and asked them questions to assess their individualism or collectivism. The answers bore little relation to the wealth of a volunteers place of origin. There was a 8(strike) c
8、orrelation, though, with whether it was a rice-growing or a wheat-growing area. This difference was marked even between people from neighbouring counties with different agricultural traditions.Undoubtedly, Talheims hypothesis has pointed to a direction worth 9(explore) further. Viewing the message f
9、rom modernized countries such as Japan, Korea and Singapore, which still hold on to collectivism, perhaps we can say: Asian values-with their principles of mutual support and collective action- 10(be) only Asian1 because back in ancient times, farmers in many parts of that continent found rice a mor
10、e suitable crop to grow than wheat. 参考答案 1. That,考察主语从句 2. conducted,考察过去分词做后置定语 3. whose/where,考察定语从句 4. To organize,考察不定式表目的 5. that,考察同位语从句 6. that,考察so.that状语从句 7. let,考察并列谓语 8. striking,考察现在分词做定语 9. exploring ,考察动名词，worth主表被 10. are,考察谓语 According to a dictionary, portraiture is a representatio
11、n of a person, especially of the face by drawing or painting a likeness.However, this definition neglects the complexities of portraiture.Portraits are works of art that engage with ideas of identity 1 just a likeness. Theseconcepts of identity involve social rank, gender, age, profession, character
12、 of the subject, etc. It is impossible to copy all the aspects of identity. Therefore, portraits reflect only certain qualities of subjects. Portrait art has also undergone significant shifts in artistic practice. The majority of portraits are the outcome of current artistic fashions and favored sty
13、les. Therefore, portrait art is an art category 2(provide) various engagement with social, psychological, and artistic practices and expectations.Since portraits are different from other art categories, they are worthy of 3(study) separately. During their production, portraits require the presence o
14、f a specific person, or an image of the individual. In many instances, the production of portraiture has required sittings, which result in interaction 4 the subject(s) and the artist throughout the creation of the work. Incertain instances, portrait artists depended on a combination of different in
15、volvement with their subjects. If the sitter cant sit in the studio regularly, portraitists could use his or her photographs. In Europe, during the seventeenth and eighteenth century, sometimes the sitting time 5(decrease) by focusing only on the head. Theoretically, portraitists could work from imp
16、ressions or memories when creating a painting, but this rarely occurred according to 6(document) records. Nonetheless, 7 the work is based on model sittings, copying a photograph, or using memory, the process of painting a portrait is linked with the moders attendance.Furthermore, portrait painting
17、can be distinguished from other artistic categories by its connection with appearance, or likeness. As such, the art of portrait painting got a reputation for imitation instead of for artistic innovation. Based on Renaissance art theory, portraiture was related to the level of a mechanical exercise
18、8 was opposed to a fine art. Michelangelos well-known protest 9 portraits is only one example. During the nineteenth and twentiethcenturies, the attitude to portraiture was critical. Even so, artists from around the globe 10(persist) in painting portraits despite their theoretical objections. Picass
19、o, for example, became widely-known for cubist still-life painting early in his career, but some of his early experiments in this new style were his portraits of art dealers. 参考答案1. rather than/ instead of,考察两空介词2. providing,考察现在分词做后置定语3. being studying,考察动名词的被动4. between,考察介词5. was decreased,考察谓语，时
20、态语态主谓一致6. documented,考察过去分词做定语7. whether,考察状语从句8. that/ which,考察定语从句9. against,考察介词10. persisted,考察谓语时态3One rainy afternoon, I was on a crosstown bus 1 a young woman jumped on. She hada child with her who must have been about 3 or 4 years old.The bus was full, bumpy, and it soon got noisy as her kid
21、 began crying because he couldnt sit next to his mother. There were a couple of open seats, 2 they werent together. She wasflustered and looked embarrassed.Then another woman, a little older, stood up and moved 3 the mother andchild could sit together. The mom smiled as a thank-you. And then three w
22、ords came out of the older womans mouth 4 elevated the entire energy of that bus ride: Ive been there”.Simple, undramatic and honest. In that moment, it seemed to unite people. Why? Maybe this was quite a difficult question. But I think it was 5 almost all experiences are shared humanexperiences. We
23、 forget that, as we forge through life, 6(focus) on our own troubles and needs-which are actually less unique than we think. How can these three words create more connection in your life? Ask yourself: Where am I holding back?”One thing I know for sure is this: Healing others helps heal yourself. I
24、noticed this recently with my friend, Tracy, who took a new friend who 7(suffer) a miscarriage under her wing. Tracy had three of them before 8(have) her daughter two years ago. Our intellect needs a doctor to explain the medical side of things, yes. But our souls need human connection to help us al
25、ong. 9 can do that better than someone who has been exactly where you are.Can the essence of these three words help you make a small difference right now? It can be as 10(simple), in many cases, as volunteering your seat, sharing some helpful advice or even lightening the mood with a joke when you n
26、otice that someones uncomfortablebecause weA recent survey 1(conduct) by the Pew Research Centre showed that a mere 16% of Americans think that a four-year degree course prepares students very well for a high-paying job in the modern economy. But technology also seems to be complicating the picture.
27、A paper published by a trio of Canadian economists, Paul Beaudry, David Green and Benjamin Sand, questions optimistic assumptions about demand for non-routine work and shows that since 2000 the share of employment accounted fbr by high-skilled jobs in America 2(fall). This analysis supports the view
28、 that technology has come as a blow to employment. Skilled and unskilled workers alike are in trouble. Those with a better education are still 3(likely) to find work, but there is now a fair chance 4 it will be unenjoyable. Those who never madeit to college face being squeezed out of the workforce a
29、ltogether. This is the argument of the technopessimists.There is another, 5(pessimistic) possibility. James Bessen, an economist at Boston University, finds that since 1980 employment has been growing faster in occupations that use computers than in those that do not. Partial automation can actually
30、 increase demand by reducing costs. But 6 technology may not destroy jobs in all, it does force change uponmany people.In many occupations it has become essential to acquire new skills as established ones become out-of-date. Burning Glass Technologies, a Boston-based startup that analyses labor mark
31、ets by 7(obtain) data from online job advertisements, finds that the biggest demand is for new combinations of skills8 its boss, Matt Sigelman, calls “hybrid jobs”. The compositionre all in this together. 参考答案 1. When,考察状语从句，这时 2. but,考察并列句 3. so that,考察两空的状语从句 4. that/which,考察定语从句 5. because,考察状语从句
32、 6. focused/focusing,参考非谓语 7. had suffered,考察谓语，时态 8. having,考察动名词做宾语 9. nobody,考察代词 10. simple,考察形容词同级比较of new jobs is also changing rapidly.A college degree at the start of a working career does not answer the need for the continuous acquisition of new skills, especially as career spans (持续时间)are
33、lengthening. Vocational training is good at giving people job-specific skills, but those, too, will need 9(update) over and over again during a career lasting decades. Vocational training has a role, but training someone early to do one thing all their lives is not the answer to lifelong learning.10
34、(add) all of this up, and it becomes clear that times have got tougher for workers of all kinds. A college degree is still a prerequisite for many jobs, but employers often do not trust it enough to hire workers just on the strength of that, without experience. In many occupations workers on company
35、 payrolls face the prospect that their existing skills will become outdated, yet it is often not obvious how they can gain new ones.参考答案1. conducted,考察过去分词做后置定语2. has been falling/ has fallen,考察谓语，时态语态主谓一致3. more likely,考察形容词比较级4. that,考察同位语从句5. less pessimistic,考察形容词比较级6. even though/if,考察两空状语从句7.
36、obtaining,考察动名词作宾语8. what,考察宾语从句9. updating/ to be updated,考察非谓语主表被10. Add,考察祈使句5At the 4th Street Photo Gallery on the comer of the Bowery, many photos are strung together 1 clothes on a laundry line. There are portraits of Muhammad Ali and Jean-Michel Basquiat,plus a series of cityscapes detailedl
37、y captured over 60 years by Alex Harsley, a neglected but talented New York photographer.The city has been Mr Harsley*s home since 1948, 2, aged ten, he moved there from South Carolina. He took his first photograph ten years later, and became the first black photographer to work for the citys distri
38、ct attorneys office. His vivid pictures freeze moments in New Yorks evolution from the 1950s to the present, It could start with the smell of 3 burning”，hesays of his method. And then you see a family sitting on the steps of a funeral home sadly 4(look) at the firemen going through their routine79So
39、me of the scenes in the collection were captured from the window of his old apartment in Harlem; they include images of black activists, streets submerged in snow and shots of the Crown Heights riots of 1991. A.D. Coleman, a photography critic, says Mr. Harsley has been able to capture the lives of
40、minority groups by 5(make)making himself invisible”. His aim has been 6(assemble) these fragments(片段)into an 7(extend) history of the city.Mr. Harsley*s gallery is a time capsule. For decades, it 8(be) also a hub for the citys artistic underworld. In the 1970s New Yorks photography scene was flouris
41、hing, but exclusive. As Mr. Harsley puts it, “a number of great artists 9(sweep) aside“ because they lacked connections. Helping talent became part of his mission. In 1971 he established The MinorityPhotographers, 10 organization that helps up-and-coming artists exhibit their work. Heopened his gallery two years later; many photographers have had their first shows there.参考答案1. like,考察介词,像2. when,考察定语从句3. looking,考察动名词作宾语4. something,考察代词5. making,考察动名词作宾语6. to assemble,考察不定式做表语7. extended,考察过去分词做定语8. has been,考察时态语态主谓一致9. were swept,考察时态语态主谓一致10. an