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1、初三年级（下）【知识梳理】I.重点短语1.beg ones pardon2.multiply.by.3.slow down4.wear out5.try on6.make a decision,7.a place of interest8.make a mistake9.drop off10.think about11.make up onesmind,12.at all,13.at least14.by the time15.carry on16.never mind17.f rom now e down19.hands up 20.21.no one22.not.any longerII.
2、重要句型1.be busy doing sth.2.3.regard.as.4.be pleased with sth./sb.sb.before longprefer to do sth.5.be angry withIII.交际用语1.How much does.cost.?2.It can cost as little as.yuan and as muchas.yuan.3.It costs.4.-Its worth.5.1 dont agree with.6.-1 wasnt sure whether.7.-1wonder if.8.-What size.?9.Have you go
3、t any other colour/size/kind?10.Have you11.How much12.How much13.How much14.Thats a bit expensive.though they re a little expensive,16.-Ill think about.think I711 take.got anything cheaper?are they?does it cost?is it?15.EvenIll take them.17.-1 dont18,-1 1 ike.19.-1dont really like.2 0.Can I help you
4、,girl?2 1.-Would you 1 ike me to look in the back?22.We can find.2 3.Do youlike being.?2 4.Can I ask you some questions?2 5.-Sure.26.It was great.2 7.Wow!2 8.-Yeah!29.Oh dear!30.-Handsup!31.-Ill shoot anyone who moves.32.Theres no need to thank me.3 3.Can you remember anything else about him?3 4.-Co
5、me down,Polly!35.-Therei s a little traffic accident.3 6.There7 s a big traffic jam.37.Well,Im sure hell be here before long.3 8.Im beginning to get angry with him!39.Yes,we cant wait any longer.Lets gowithout him.真的不掉线吗？、？40.Thats terrible!41.-Thats areally bad excuse!IV.重要语法1.过去将来时 2.过去完成时 3.动词不定式
6、 4.定语从句【名师讲解】1.think/think/about/think of(1)think单独使用时表示 思考，接that宾语从句时意为 认为，觉得LI am thinking how to work out the problem.I think she is a good student.当宾语从句含有否定概念时，通常形式上否定think,但意义上却是否定宾语从句。I dont think he can come.I dont think it will be windy.(2)think about可接一个名词，动词-in g形式或由疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句，意思是 考忐it
7、/3 oI have thought about it for a long time.Please think about how to tell her the bad news.(3)think o f表示 认为，一般用于疑问句中，与what连用oWhat do you think of the TV play?=H ow do youlike the TV play?2.big/large/great上述形容词都表示 大，但侧重点及程度不同。(1)big指具体事物的大小，强调比正常形体的标准大，既可用在普通场合，也可用在正式场合。它可用来指人的身材高大或 长大了，还可表示W伟大W,重要
8、”之意。如：Can you lift up this big stone?On the last day I made a big decision.(2)large特别强调远远超过标准的大，指体积、面积、容积、数量之大。如：A whale is a large animal.A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.(3)great除了表示数量体积之大外，又指抽象的程度，意味着伟大性，重要性，优越性；常用于抽象或无形的东西；用于有形的东西时，常带有“伟大大得令人吃惊”等意思，含有一定的感情色彩。如:China i s a great
9、 country with a long history.He was one of the greatest scientists.3.cost/take/spend/pay(1)cost表示 花钱，花费，付出(只能用于钱、精力、生命等；主语必须是物。)The book cost me five yuan.(2)take的主语是动词不定式，通常用it做形式主语。真的不掉线吗?、？It took me five yuan to buy the book.(3)spend,在主动语句中主语是人I spent five yuan on(for)the book.或 I spent fiveyuan
10、(i n)buying the book.(4)pay的主语是人。I paid five yuan for the book.4.expensive/high/cheap/low这四个词在谈论到价格的高低时，要注意使用。expensive与high涉及到价格 高，而cheap与low涉及到价格 低。(1)expensive昂贵的，花钱多的。这个单词若谈到 价格高，货贵 时，其主语不能是价格，必须是货物、物品本身。如：This watch is expensive.这只表很贵。These glass-products are not expensive.这些玻璃制品不是很值钱。注意：cheap表
11、示 价廉，便宜的，其主语也不能是价格，必须是物品本身。如：The cheap table was bought from him.这张便宜的桌子是他卖给我们的。This cloth doll is very cheap.这只布娃娃很便宜。(2)high在表示价格时，含义是 高，low在表示价格时，含义是 低，这两个词不能用于物品本身，只能用在价格上。如：The price of this watch is very hig h.这只表的价格太高了。The price of this book is not low for me.这本书的价格对我来说是不低。下面我们试看几个句子的正误对照：The
12、 price of this computer is expensive.(宜改为：This computer is expensive.或 The priceof this computer is high.)The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.(宜改为：This pen is not cheap for him to buy.或The price of this pen is not low for him.)5.alone/lonelylonely与alone的意思比较接近，但在使用时有所区别:(1)lonely用作形容词，
13、意思是 孤单的；寂寞的，可指心灵上的寂寞，也可指偏僻的地点。在句中既可作表语，也可作定语。(2)alone可作形容词和副词，意思是 单独；独自“，不指心理上寂寞的感觉。She was taken to a lonely island,lived alone,butshe never felt lonely.她被带到一个荒岛上，自己居住，但她从不感到寂寞。6.before long/long before(1)before long作“不久以后”讲，切不要按字面译为“长时间以前”或“好久以前”。如：真的不掉线吗？、？We hope to finish our experiment before
14、long.我们希望不久(以后)就把实验做完。(2)long before作 很久以前 讲。原意为以前很久，故也可译为 老早。long before跟before long不同，前者在其后面可以接名词或一个从句；当上下文明确时，名词或从句还可以省略。Before long则没有上述搭配用法。They began the test yesterday,but we had madeexperiment long before.我们昨天开始做实验，但我们在那以前很久就已经做准备了。7.as/when/while(D a s是连词，意思是 当的时候，一面一面,(强调同时，一般连续时间不长)，如：As
15、we were talking about Titanic,our teacher camein正当我们谈论 泰坦尼克号”这部电影时，教师进来了。The students sing as they go along.学生们边走边唱。（2）When和as 一样都是连词，注意它们的不同。如when当.的时候（一般表示动作紧接着发生）;那 时 （等立连词，前 有 逗 号 分 开）I stayed till sunset,when it began to rain.我一直呆到太阳下山，那时天开始下雨了。（3）while是 当时候；和 同 时 （强调同时发生，一般连续时间较长）While I was w
16、atching TV,he was reading.当我在看电视的时候，他正在看书。While there i s life,there i s hope.有生命就有希望。8.beat/win/hit(D b eat是动词，意思是 连续地打；打败；敲打、beat后可接入或队名。意思是 击败对手。“如：I can beat you at swimming.(2)win意思是 赢得某个项目，后面常接match,game。如：He won a game.他胜一局。W e won a m atch.我们比赛得胜。(3)h it意思是 击中(有时可表示 打一下。如：The mother hit her
17、child out of an g er.妈妈生气，打了她孩子一下。9.keep doing/keep on doing(l)keep doing侧重表示 持续不停地做某事 或 持续某种状态I如：The girl kept crying all the tim e.那个女孩一直在哭。The baby kept sleeping about four hours.这个婴儿连续睡了大约四个小时。(2)keep on doing表示 总不断做某事，不表示静止状态。不能与 sitting,sleeping,lying,standing 这类真的不掉线吗?、？词连用。如：It kept on raini
18、ng for seven days.Don,t keep on asking such silly questions.10.get/turn/become这三个词都可作系动词用，表示状态的变化，后跟表语，但三个词的用法稍有不同。get强调情感、气候和环境的变化；turn强调色彩的变化；而become则强调取务、职称等的变化。如：The days are getting shorter and shorter inw in te r.冬天的白天越来越短。She couldn71 answer the question and her faceturned r e d.她回答不出问题，脸红了。W
19、hen did you become a teacher?-Ten years ago.你什么时候当的老师？十年前。11.steal/rob从意思上讲ste a l表示偷窃的意思。而rob表示抢劫的意思；从搭配上来讲，steal sth from sb/sth;而 rob 则用 rob sb/sth of s t h;例如：He stole money from the rich to give it to thepoor.They robbed the bank of one million dollars.12.see/look/watch/notice在英语中，see,look,watc
20、h,notice 都有“看”的意思，要注意他们的区别。see意为“看到”，表示视觉器官有意识或无意识地看到物体，强调“看到”的结果。look意为“看”，表示有意识地观看，强调“看”的动作。watch意为“观看，注视”,指以较大的注意力观看。notice意为“看到，注意到”，指有意识的注意，含有从不注意到注意的变化的意义。例如：What can you see in the picture?在图画中你能看到什么？Look!H ow happily they are playing!看！他们玩得多高兴啊!He，s watched TV for over two hours.他看了两个多小时的电视。
21、He noticed a purse lying on the road.他注意到地上有个钱包。13.Shoot/shoot atshoot是及物动词，意思是“射中，射死”，宾语多为人或动物等。而shoot a t是一个动词词组，意为“向.射击”，至于射中或射死与否不得而知。如：The man shot five birds in the forest.那个人在森林里射死（中）了五只鸟。The hunter shot at the b ear.猎人朝熊射击了。They shot at the she-wolf,but didnt shooth e r.他们向那只母狼射击，但是没有射中/死。14
22、.escape/run away(1)escape作“逃跑”、“逃脱”或“逃避”讲时，往往会有成功之意。如：真的不掉线吗?、？The old man escaped d e a th.那个老人死里逃生。The thief escaped from p ris o n.那个小偷越狱了。(2)run away作“逃跑”、“跑走”讲时，往往强调动作。如：Dont let him run away.别让他跑了。口语中escape和 run away可以互用。15.so that./so.that.(1)so that.为了，以 便。引导一个目的状语 从 句，从句中往往有情态动词。也可引导一个结果状语从
23、句。如：I left at 5:00 so that I could catch the earlybus.Speak loudly,so that they can hear what you say.He didnt study English so that he lost a chanceto work in a foreign company.(2)so.that.既可引导一个结果状语从句，也可引导一个目的状语从句。如：The classroom was so noisy that I could hardlystudy.I got up so early in the mornin
24、g that I could catchthe train.【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在:1.过去将来时；2.过去完成时；3.动词不定式；4.定语从句；5.本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；6.本单元学过的交际用语。考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。【中考范例】1.（2004年济宁市中考试题）He wanted to know _A.whether he speaks at the meeting B.when the meeting would startA.what hes going to do at the meeting D.where would the
25、meeting be held【解析】答案：Bo该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。因为主句的时态是一般过去时，所以从句应用过去将来时，这就排除了 A和B。宾语从句的时态应该是陈述句的语序，所以只有B是对的。2.（2004年烟台市中考试题）W hy didnt you go to the movie yesterday?Because I _ it before.A.had watched B.have seen C.have watchedD.had seen【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是动词的搭配以及现在完成时和过去完成时的用法区别。看电影习惯商用 see a m ovie,又因为说的昨天以
26、前发生的事情，应该用过去完成时。只有D正确。3.（2004年重庆市中考试题）Did you win the football game?Bad luck.Our team _ in thefinal one.A.won B.beat C.was won D.was beaten真的不掉线吗?、？【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是动词搭配和动词的语态。动词win通常和比赛一类的词连用，不与人或队连用，因此可以排除A和 C。beat是个及物动词，既然我们的运气不好，就是输了，应该用被动语态。4.（2004年广州市中考试题）W ho is the man-was talking toour Englis
27、h teacher?Oh!Ifs Mr Baker,our maths teacher.A.he B.that C.whom D.which【解析】答案：Bo该题考查的是引导定语从句关系代词的选择。由于先行词是人，可以排除A和D。而该词在定语从句中作主语，只有B合适。【满分演练】一.单项选择1.Though he i s-seventy years old,he takes exercise every day.A.past B.above C.on D.over2.The sun ris e s-and goes downA.in the east,in the west B.inthe w
28、est,in the eastC.to the east,to the west D.fromthe east,from the west3.Which would you like,Madam,tea or coffee?-,thanks.Id like a glass ofwater,please.A.Either B.BothC.Neither D.O K4.One of the boys i s _,all the otherboys are-A.English,ChinaB.an English,ChineseC.England,ChinaD.English,Chinese5.How
29、 soon will you finish the building?A.In two months B.TwomonthsC.About two monthsD.After two months6.They did _ their father toldthem.A.like B.as C.aboutD.with7.The fish smells _ Youmustnt eat i t.A.nicely B.heavily C.terribleD.terribly8.Either you or he_the team.A.is in B.are on C.is onD.are in9.He
30、was made-thirteen hoursa day by his boss.A.to work B.work C.is onD.are in10.-you work,-youwill do.A.Harder,better B.Theharder,the worseC.Hardest,best D.Theharder,the better11.Mrs Hu asked Liu Fang and totake part in the English meeting.A.IB.myC.meD.mine12.Tell the students_ theirEnglish books.A.to t
31、ake B.to carry C.to bringD.bring13.I t-us two hours,walk to getto our school.真的不掉线吗？、？A.take B.takes C.spendD.paid14.M y little sister is so tired,she canhardly walk,-?A.d o e s s h eB.can s h eC.d o e s n ts h e D.can，t s h e15.Ye l l o w R i v e r i s t h e s e co n dl o n g e s t r i v e r i s o
32、u r co u n t r y.A./B.T h e C.A nD.A16.D o y o u w an t t o _ _ _ _ _ at t h e m e e t i n g.-N o,I h av e n o t h i n g t o -A.s ay,s p e ak B.t e l l,t al k C.s ay,s ay D.s p e ak,s ay17.Yo u n e e d s o m e t h i n g t o d r i n k,d o n t y o u?A.Not at allB.I needntC.No,please D.Yes,please18.She
33、 asked me_he could dance or sing.A.if B.what C.whetherD.that1 9.Arent you Marys sister?_ Pm her aunt.A.Yes,I am B.No,Pm not C.Yes,Im notD.No,I am20.-,no man has travelledfarther than the moon.A.To nowB.To farC.So farD.T i 11 now二.用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Class 3 won the fo o tb all match and our class-by them,
34、(beat)2.By la st Friday the students _(le a rn)a ll th e ir new lessons.3.He w ill be a worker a fte r h e _(finish)middle school.4.I f e lt l i k e _ (have)a re st a fte rlunch.5.Is there another way o f _(answer)thequestion?6.P H te ll him the news that our c la s s-(win).7.Jim made u s-(agree)wit
35、h him.8.The te a c h e r-(give)us a lesson whenTom walked into the room.9.Someone saw him _(fall)off the horsejust now.10.Look!A group of policemen-(run)into that room.三.改写句子1.None of the doctors knows about the matter.know about the matter.2.Tom is taller than John.Jonh is notTom.3.The jacket cost
36、so little that he boughtit.The jacket-for himto buy.4.Jim had a good journey home.Jim-very mu c h_ home.5.I didnt finish my work in time because mypen was broken.The-pen stopped-finishing my work in time.四.完形填空Hundreds of years ago,life was 1 than 2today.People didnt have modern machines.真的不掉线吗？、？Th
37、ere 3 modern medicine,4 .Life today 5 new problems.One of thebiggest i s pollution（污染）.Water pollution has6 our rivers and lakes dirty.It kills our fishand affects（影响）our drinking water.Noisepollution makes us _ louder and 8 .Airpollution i s the most serious kind of pollution.It affects 9 living th
38、ing in the world.Cars,planes and factories all pollute（污染）o u r ai r e v e r y d ay.S o m e t i m e s t h e p o l l u t i o n i ss o 10 t h at i t i s l i k e a q u i l t （被状物）o v e r a ci t y.T h i s k i n d o f q u i l t i s cal l e d s m o g.（烟雾）1.A.m o r e h ar d B.m o r e h ar d e rC.m u ch h a
39、r d e r D.m u ch m o r e h ar d e r2.A.t h e y ar e B.t h e y w e r e C.i tw as D.i t i s3.A.w e r e n o t B.w as n oC.w e r e D.w as4.A.e i t h e r B.t o oC.al s o D.n e i t h e r5.A.br i n gB.h av eC.h av e g o tD.h as br o u g h t6.A.madeB.letC.taken D.changed7.A.say B.talkC.tell D.spoke8.A.feel
40、happy more happily B.getangry much more easierC.get angry much easier D.feeland more slowly9.A.most B.allC.one D.every10.A.thin B.thickC.hardD.light五.阅读理解（A）Since the beginning of time,man hasinvented many interesting things.Some of theseinventions,1 ike numbers and the radio havecertainly changed h
41、istory.Since 1946,one of the most importantinventions has been the computer.It will changeall our lives.The first computer was built at HarvardUniversity（哈佛大学）in 1944.i t was as largeas a room and quite difficult and slow to operate（运 行）.But since the invention of the siliconchip（硅 片）,computer have
42、become smaller,easierto use,and faster to operate.Some computers areas small as television sets.Some computers canbe made smaller than a book.And computers aregetting smaller all the time.There are several reasons（原 因）why computeri s useful to us.First i t can store（储 藏）very,very large amount（数 量）of
43、 information（信 息）.Second,the computer can operate very quickly.Third,modern computer can be built into otherkinds of machines,like radios,cars,and planes.They can do a lot of work for u s.Soon,almost everyone,either at home or atwork,will use some kind of computer.The livesof all of us will be chang
44、ed by this invention.判断下列句子是否符合短文内容。符 合 的 用 表示；不符合的用“B”表示.1.According to（根 据）this passage,manyinventions have changed history andpeopled life.2.The first computer was built in the middle ofthe 19th century（世 纪）.3.A modern computer can be made smaller thansilicon chip.真的不掉线吗？、？4.The computer has been
45、 made much bettersince the invention of the silicon chip.5.The computer is useful because it can store lotsof information,it can operate veryquickly and can be built into other machines.(B)Joe Biggs was a butcher(屠夫).His shop wasin a village in one of the most beautiful partsof southern England.He w
46、orked in it for manyyears while his father was there.Then,when hisfather reached the age of 65,he stopped workingin the shop.Joe was alone in i t,so he had to workharder.Joe worked five and a half day a week.His shopshut at one oclock on Thursday,and it was shutthe whole of Sunday.Saturdays were the
47、 busiestdays.Joe had a big refrigerator（冰箱）in his shop,but he tried not to buy too much meat at a time.One Thursday a woman came into the shop at fiveminutes to one.Im sorry Im very late,“she said,“but some people have just telephoned to say thatthey are going to come to dinner tonight,and Ineed som
48、e more meat.”Joe only had one piece of good meat in the shop.He had sold all the rest earlier in the day.Hetook the piece out and said to the woman.Thisis 7.15.”“That piece is too small,the woman answered.“Havent you got anything bigger?”Joe went into the room behind his shop,openedthe refrigerator,
49、put the piece of meat into i t,took it out again and shut the door of therefrigerator with a lot of noise.Then he broughtthe piece of meat back to the woman and said,“Thispiece is bigger and more expensive.Its 9.30.”“Good,“the woman answered with a smile,“giveme both of them,please.”6.Joe worked alo
50、ne in the shop _A.on Saturdays B.onThursdaysC.afer his father died D.afterhis father stopped working7.Joe sold meat in his shop _A.on Thursday afternoonsB.onSundaysC.on Fridays D.everyday8.One day a woman came to his shop-A.at 1:55,TuesdayB.at 1:05C.to say sorry to himD.because someone had suddenly