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1、名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加“a 或 an；复数形式是在名词后加”s 或es”。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化及其读音可依照下表：当名词为：词 尾 变 化 读 音 例 词一般情况加s 在清辅音后读/s/chips,jeeps,pats,clocks在浊辅音或元音后读/z/boys,sharpeners,sofas,drawers以 s,x,ch,sh 结尾的单词加 es/iz/watches,boxes,classes,brushes以字母o 结尾的单词加s 或 es/z/zoos,photos
2、,bamboos,tomatoes,potatoes,heroes,以辅音字母+y结尾的单词去y 变 i 加 es/z/dictionaries,strawberries,以 f 或 fb结尾的单词去f 或 f e 变 v 加 es/vz/leaves,wives,halves以 th 结尾的词加 s/6z/;/Oz/mouths,paths;months,deaths2.可数名词复数的不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母eg.man men,womanwomen,toothteeth,footfeet,goosegeese,mouse-mice单复数同形 eg.Chinese-Chinese,
3、deer-deer,fish-fish,sheep-sheep,.山m an和 woman构成的合成词，每个名词都要变复数eg.a man doctor-men doctors,a woman teacher-women teachers注意：有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分，在使用时只有复数形式eg.trousers,clothes,glasses,shorts,scissors,etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数，实际上是单数（其后的谓语动词要用单数）.eg.maths,phyiscs,politics,news3.不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。他们前面
4、不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式，但有其特殊用法：同一个词，变成复数形式，意义不同。eg.food食物一 foods各种食物，tim e时 间 一 tim es时代，green绿色 一greens青菜有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物eg.hope-hopes 希望 hardship-hardships 又 艮 苦物质名词在表示数量时，常用某个量词+of来表示eg.a cup of tea,seven pieces of bread,several bags of rice,.三、名词的所有格名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系，有两
5、种表示形式，一种是在名词后+s；另一种是用 o f,表 示“.的”。1.(1)一般词的所有格,直接在词尾+&eg.Mr.Motts robot,childrens clothes(2)以 s 结尾的名词所有格只在词尾+，eg.teachers?books(3)两人共有的物体，则在第二个名词后+飞；如果分别是两人所有，则在每个名词后面+s。eg.Lucy and Lilys room.(指两人共住一个房间)Mrs.Greens and Mrs.Browns son.(指两人各自的儿子)(4)表示某具体场所时，所有格后面的名词可省略eg.the doctors(office)Mr.Whites2.
6、(1)没有生命的事物一般用o f 短语来表示所属关系。eg.the wall of the classroom,a picture of the bedroom,(2)名词的的定语较长时，有生命的事物也可用o f短语表示。eg.a long story of a 50-year-old man双重所有格 eg.a friend of his,the big nose of Toms有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加飞来构成所有格。eg.ten minutes walk,todays newspaper例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1.They got much fr
7、om those new books.A.ideas B.photos C.news D.stories解析：m uch是用来修饰不可数名词的，A B D 三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式，C 项为不可数名词，因此选C.2.I have two and three bottles of here.A.orange,orange B.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orange D.orange,oranges解析：orange有两种含义，一种可数名词橘子，另一种是不可数名词橘汁，此题第一空应填可数名词，第二空填不可数名词，因此选Co3.Every evening M r.Kin
8、g takes a to his home.A.25 minutes walk B.25 minutes walkC.25 minute walk D.25 minutes walk解析：句 中 的 minute应该用其复数的所有格形式，只+，,而不能+s,因此选A。4.An old wants to see you.A.people B.person C.the people D.the person解析：person与 people都有“人”的意思，但用法不同.一个人”用 a person”，“两个人”用 two persons;people泛 指“人们”是集合名词，表示复数,the pe
9、ople指“人民”,a people指“一个民族”.应 选 B。5.Help yourself to.A.chickens and apples B.chickens and appleC.chicken and apple D.chicken and apples解析：chicken可用作可数名词指小鸡，用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;appie为可数名词，故应+s,因此选D。6.Oh,dear.I forgot the two.A.rooms number B.rooms number C.room numbers D.rooms numbers解析：room number房
10、间号码.room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词.类似的还有my phsics teacher,two bus drivers 等.应选 C。7.She has been in Tianjin for ten years.Tianjin has become her second.A.family B.house C.home D.room解析：family指的是家庭或是家庭成员；house指的是房子（住所）；room 指的是房间;而home指的是家，因此选C.8.mothers couldnt go to the meeting,because they have gone to Shangha
11、i.A.Mary and Peter5s B.Mary and PeterC.Marys and Peter D.Marys and Peters解析：此 句 中“mothers”是复数，表示两个人各自的母亲，因此应选D。9.Li Lei has been to many times this month.A.her uncle B.her uncles C.her uncles D.aunts解析：此句意为“李雷这个去她舅舅家多次表示具体场所时，可省去所有格后面的名词.因此选B。10.He is a success as a leader but he hasn t in teaching.
12、A.many experiences B.much experienceC.an experience D.a lot experience解析：experience作“经验”讲时是不可数名词，作“经历”讲忖是可数名词.本句中应理解 为“经验”，因此是不可数名词，排 除 A C.又 因 a lot of,lots of,plenty o f 只用于肯定句，不用于否定句，因此选11.A classmate of was here ten minutes ago.A.you B.your C.your sister D.your sisters解析：此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。12.A gr
13、oup of are talking with two.A.Frenchmen,Germans B.Germans frenchmansC.Frenchmans,Germen D.Germen,Frenchmen解析：Frenchman是复合词,其复数形式为Frenchmen;German的复数为直接在单词末尾+S,应选A.13.The t eam having a meeting.A.is B.are C.am D.be解析：team 是一个集合名词，即可表示复数意义（指整个小组），也可指小组中的成员（表示复数），此题意为后者，因此选B。14.“Would you like?”“，pleas
14、e.A.drink,Three coffees B.a cup of drink,CoffeesC.a drink,A coffee D.a drink,Three cups of coffees解析：drink和 coffee是不可数名词，可以用of来表示数量，eg,three cups of cofFee,当前面加a 时,则 表 示“一杯7 因此选C。15.The Great Wall was made not only by,but also the flesh and blood of_ men.A.earth and stone,millions of B.earths and st
15、ones,millionsC.the earth and stone,million of D.the earths and stones,millions解析：earth是不可数名词，因此删除B D,数以百万的应为millions of.因此选A。练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！选择最佳答案：1.Last night,there was a food accident.The were ill,but no were lost.A.child,lives B.children,life C.children,lives D.child,life2.This is a photo of wh
16、en they were young.-OK,how happy they both looked!A.my father and mother B.my mother and fathersC.my mothers and fathers D.my fathers and my mother3.The new student is in,Grade Two.A.Class Third B.Third Class C.Class Three D.Three class4.Today is September 10th.Its Day.Let*s go and buy some flowers
17、for ourteachers.A.Teachers B.Teachers*C.the Teachers*D.Teachers5.The market isnt far from here.It*s only bicycle ride.A.half an hours B.half an hours C.half an hour D.an hour and a half6.一 What would you like to drink,girls?,please.A.Two cup of coffee B.Two cups of coffeC.Two cups of coffee D.Two cu
18、ps of coffees7.During Christmas,people get together and sing Christmas songs for.A.fun B.wishes C.interest D.thanks8.Some are flying kites near the river.A.child B.boy C.boys D.childs9.After the exam,we*ll have holiday.A.two weeks B.two-weeks C.two weeks D.two weeks10.They are those bags.Please put
19、them on the bus.A.visitor B.visitors C.visitors D.visitors11.-How many workers are there in your factory?-There are two.A.hundreds B.hundred C.hundred of D.hundreds of12.-What do you think of the the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?It sounds really wonderful.A.subject B.music C.book D.animal13.There i
20、s not enough in the comer for the fridge.A.place B.room C.field Des from sheep and some people like eating itA.Wool B.Pork C.Mutton D.Milk15.If you dont take more,youfll get fat.A.medicine B.lessons C.photos D.exercise16.My school is about twenty walk from here.A.minute B.minutes*C.minutess D.minute
21、s17.Mum,I have to tell you!A.a good news B.some good news C.some good newes D.much good news18.Which is the to the post office?A.street B.way C.road D.address19.I stayed at last Sunday.A.my uncles B.my uncles C.my uncles D.my uncles family20.Maths not easy to learn.A.are B.is C.am D.were1-5 CBCBB 6-
22、10 CACCD 11-15 ABBCD 16-20 BBBCB代词的用法人称代词：人称代词是指人的代词，有性、数、格的区别。表示“我”“你”“他”“我们”“你们”“他 们 请 看 下 表：数 格人称单数复数主 格 宾 格 主 格 宾 格第一人称we me we us第二人称 you you you you第三人称 he him they themshe heritit人称代词主格在句中作主语。例如：She is my English teacher.宾格在句中作宾语。例如：They dont want me to go there alone.Dont worry.I can look af
23、ter her.宾格还可以作宾格。特别是在口语中。例如：一Who飞that?Ifs me.注意：人称代词we,you,they可以用来表示一般人。例如：You cannot go into the hall with slippers.不准穿拖鞋进入大厅。人称代的主格作表语，一般都在正中的谈话中，表示强调。例如：It was he who took away the necklace.是他拿走了那条项链。人称代词she可以用指代祖国、大地、月亮、轮船等。例如：The ship is leaving.She飞on her first trip to Boston.轮船要起航了。这时她第一次去波士
24、顿。We love our country,we hope shell be stronger and stronger.我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她越来越强大。It作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。例如：It is about 10 kilometres from here.离这儿大约有 10 公里。I t还可用作形式主语或形式宾语，来代替由不定式，动词的ing,形式或主语从句构成的真正的主语或宾语，以避免句子头重脚轻。例如：It is not easy to learn English well.It is good for you taking a walk after
25、 supper.I found it difficult to sleep.英语里当主语是并列的几个人时，人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同，I在最后，you在最前；但是，当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反，I在最前，you在最后。例如:You,he and I are all the winners.I,Li lei and you are wrong.We should do more for the project.2.物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。词 义 类 型我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/她/它们的形容词性物主代词 my your
26、 his her its our your their名 词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。在句中作定语，后面跟名词。例如:To our surprise,he has passed the exam.(2)名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征，在句中作主4.The car _ and stopped at the red traffic light.A.got on B.got off C.slowed down D.picked up5.Tom the CD player fbr two wee
27、ks.A.has lent B.has borrowed C.has bought D.has had6.Do you know?Sorry,but if he back,I you know as soon as possible.A.when will he be back,comes,will let B.when he will be back,will come,will let C.what time will he be back,will come,let D.what time he will be back,comes,will let7.We to the park if
28、 it is fine tomorrow.A.will go B.have gone C.go8.A new shoe factory will in this part of the city.A.be building B.be built C.build9,-all your things,Tom!I hate them here and there.-Ok,Mom.A.Put up B.Put on C.Put down D.Put away10.How about going hiking this weekend?-Sorry,I p r e f e r rather than.A
29、.to stay at home,go out B.to go out,stay at homeC.staying at home,go out D.going out,stay at home解析：1.根据问句的时态现在进行时，答句时态要一致，故选答案：A2.根据句中的谓语动词ask的固定搭配ask sb to do sth.故答案：D3.根据第一句的固定动词词组catch up with s b 及第二句的过去时态，故选答案：B4.此题主要考查四个动词词组的掌握.根据后半句在红灯时停下来，故选答案：C5.此题主要考查现在完成时的延续和非延续动词，根据for two weeks时间短语。故选
30、答案：C6.此题主要考查宾语丛句和状语丛句的习惯用法。第一句是特殊疑问句的宾语丛句，要用陈述句语序。第二句是i f 条件句。丛句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。故选答案：B7.此题考查i f 条件句的主句时态，要用一般将来时，故选答案；A8.此题考查语态。根据全句的意思，使用被动语态。故选答案：B9.此题考查四个动词词组put u p，张贴，举起；put o n 穿上，上演；put aw ay把一收拾好。根据后半句“我讨厌到处乱放”，故选答案：D10.此题主要考查一个固定词组：prefer to do sth rather than do sth.故选答案：C.练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩
31、！一、选择最佳答案填空（动词及搭配）：1.A policeman saw two thieves a girfs mobile phone on the bus and hecaught them at once.A.to steal B.stealing C.stole D.stolen2.The Chinese pingpong players will join in the match.Lefs them success.wish B.to wish C.hope D.to hope3.He is so careless that he always his school things
32、 at home.forgets B.forgot C.leaves D.left4.Who the computer?I want to use it.-Timmy.He it fbr a week.borrowed,has borrowed B.has borrowed,boughtC.has borrowed,has kept D.bought,has borrowed5.Look!One of the girls the door.cleans B.is cleaning C.clean D.are cleaning6.If you dont feel well,you may j u
33、st.stopped reading B.stop reading C.stopped to read D.stop to read7.Where can we get a baseball?-Lets.A.lend Jim one B.lend one to JimC.borrow one from Jim D.borrow one of Jim8.My model ship doesnt work.Dont worry.Fil have it this afternoon.A.repairing B.made C.repaired D.mend9.You wash your hands b
34、efore meals.A.need B.must C.can D.may10.Will you the light?Its dark in the room.get on B.get off C.trun on D.turn off11.My name is Zhang Mingjian.You m ay me Zhang Mingjian or Mr Zhang.A.ask B.say C.tell D.call12.There is going to a game in our school this afternoon.has B.have C.be D.are13.Youd bett
35、er smoking.Its bad for your health.eat up B.give up C.come up D.get up14.How do you like this book?I think it has nothing to with our study.A.make B.do C.take D.hold15.Where is Mr Brown?I have some questions to ask him.-He the office.A.has been to B.has been in C.has gone to D.has gone in16.The bus
36、kept the people for twenty minutes.A.wait B.to wait C.waiting D.waits17.1 believe the scientists will a better way to heal the disease.A.get on with B.come up with C.go on with D.catch up with18.Why do you often this pink blouse?-Because it fits me well.A.put on B.wear C.buy D.try on19.Jack always r
37、uns faster than Peter,but this time he him.A.went over B.fell behind C.put off D.dropped off20.The Internet it easy to get much new information in a short time.A.finds B.makes C.feels D.takes参考答案：1-5 BACCB 6 10 BCCBC 11-15 DCBBC 1620 CBBBB二、选择最佳答案填空（动词时态）：1.We out by that time that he a thief fbr a
38、longtime.A.had found,had been B.had found,wasC.found,had been D.found,was2.It so happened that t hey the novel before.A.had read B.would read C.were reading D.readShe for nearly two hours.A.kept talking B.kept to talk C.has kept talking D.kept to talkingS p r i n g after winter.A.comes B.came C
39、.has come D.had come5.I hear some noise in the next room.一Oh,yes.Your s i s t e r there.A.cries B.is crying C.cried D.was cryingAll the s t ude nt s to plant trees and theres nobody in the classroom.A.go B.will go C.have gone D.wound go7.Stop!A little boy the street.A.is crossing B.crosses C.crossed
40、 D.has crossed8.The girl to milk since last winter.A.learns B.learned C.has learned D.would learn9.What to you this morning?A.happens B.is happened C.happened D.was happened10.The old man looks healthy.Yes.He some running after he gets up.A.does B.did C.has done D.will do11.She didnt pass the exams
41、because she her lessons well.A.wasnt prepared B.wasnt been preparedC.hadnt prepared D.was preparing12.This s t or y in a faraway village in Europe many years ago.A.is happened B.was happened C.happened D.has been happened13.Mr King came back to our village.Really?For what?一The old man the noise in t
42、he city.A.is hating B.hates C.was hating D.has hated14.His father for a week.A.died B.will die C.has been died D.has been dead15.My mother is ill.I stay at home and look after her.A.has to B.must C.would D.have to16.Do you know the Frenchman?一Yes.I him for two years.A.know B.have known C.knew D.have
43、 been known17.Th e y all their money,so they have to walk home.spend B.had spent C.have spent D.will spend18.Great c h a n g e s in the city,and a lot of f a c t o r i e s.A.have been taken place,have been set upB.have taken place,have been set upC.have taken place,have set upD.were taken place,were
44、 set up19.-When did Kates grandma die?-While the d o c t o r s on her.A.are operating B.were operating C.operate D.operated20.一Who are you looking for?-Mr White.-Wait here for a while.The class me e t i n g over in half an hour.A.is B.will be C.was D.has been21.If shes not at home,you try telephonin
45、g her at the office.A.will B.could C.would D.need22.All the new words up in the dictionary yet.A.have looked B.havent looked C.have been looked D.havent been looked23.1 dont want to speak to her,but I.A.do B.have to C.have to speak D.must to24.Hurry up,or you the train.A.miss B.lose C.will miss D.wi
46、ll lose25.The new library next week.A.,will build B.will be built C.would build D.would be built26.一Wheres Mabel?-She ping pong behind the teaching building.A.is playing B.was playing C.played D.had played27.Quite a few tall buildings the last two years.A.have been put up B.were put up C.had put up
47、D.put up28.M a n-m ad e-satellites into space by many countries.A.was sent up B.is sent up C.have been sent up D.has been sent up29.I all the words on the black board.May I go home now?copy B.will coup C.copied D.have copied30.Nobody knew a living in that country.A.to do B.to make C.how to do D.how
48、to make31.The old man needs at most five hours sleep a night,but he fbr over seven hours tonight.A.has fallen asleep B hasslept C has gone to bed D.has gone to sleep32.Im really getting too fat.From now on,I more exercise and eat less food.A have done B do C am doing D will do33.You dont need her.I
49、her for several times.A describe,had met B describe,meet C to describe,have met D describe,met34.His speech in English was di f f i c ul t.A in following B fbr being followed C to follow D to be followed by35.When he was a child,he tried to find ways pe opl e life more.A.to help,enjoy B.help,to enjo
50、y C.help,enjoying D.to be helped,to enjoy36.What did your class teacher you to at the meeting?A.tell,say B.ask,speak C.tell,speak D.ask,talk37.the bus until it.A.Get off,stops B.get off,will stopC.Dont get off,stops D.Dont get off,will stop38 The living standard of the people in S h a n g h a i in t