《初一升初二语法小结 练习.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《初一升初二语法小结 练习.docx（92页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加“a或an；复数形式 是在名词后加”s或es”。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化及其读音 可依照下表：当名词为：词尾变化读音例 词一般情况加s在清辅音后读/s/chips, jeeps, pats , clocks在浊辅音或元音后读/z/boys, sharpeners, sofas, drawers以 s,x,ch,sh 结尾的单词加 es/iz/watches, boxes, classes, brushes以字母o结尾的单词加s或es /z/ zoos, phot
2、os, bamboos,tomatoes, potatoes, heroes,以辅音字母+y结尾的单词去y变i加es /z/ dictionaries, strawberries, 以f或fe结尾的单词去f或fe变v加es /vz/ leaves, wives, halves以 th 结尾的词加 s/dz/; /0z/ mouths, paths; months, deaths2 .可数名词复数的不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母eg. manmen, woman-women, toothteeth, footfeet, goose-geese, mouse-mice单复数同形 eg. Chi
3、nese-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep,.由man和woman构成的合成词，每个名词都要变复数eg. a man doctor- men doctors, a woman teacher-women teachers注意：有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分，在使用时只有复数形式eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts, scissors, etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数（其后的谓语动词要用单数）.eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news3 .不可
4、数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有 复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式，但有其 特殊用法：同一个词，变成复数形式，意义不同。eg. food食物-foods各种食物，time时间 一 times时代，green绿色 一greens青菜有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物eg. hope 一hopes 希望 hardship - hardships 艰苦物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of ric
5、e, .三、名词的所有格名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系，有两种表示形式，一种是在名词后+s；另一种是 用of,表示“的”。1 . (1) 一般词的所有格,直接在词尾 +s。eg. Mr. Motts robot, childrens clothes(2)以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾+ eg. teachers books(3)两人共有的物体，则在第二个名词后+飞；如果分别是两人所有，则在每个名词后面+飞。eg. Lucy and Lilys room.(指两人共住一个房间)Mrs. Greens and Mrs. Browns son.(指两人各自的儿子)(4)表示某具体场所时，所有格后
6、面的名词可省略eg. the doctors (office) Mr. Whites2 .(1)没有生命的事物一般用of短语来表示所属关系。eg. the wall of the classroom, a picture of the bedroom,(2)名词的的定语较长时，有生命的事物也可用of短语表示。eg. a long story of a 5O-year-old man双重所有格 eg. a friend of his, the big nose of Toms有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加飞来构成所有格。eg. ten minutes, walk,
7、todays newspaper例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1. They got much from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories解析：much是用来修饰不可数名词的，A B D三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式，C项 为不可数名词，因此选C.2. I have two and three bottles of here.A. orange, orange B. oranges, orangesC. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges解析：orange有两种含义，一种可数名词橘子，
8、另一种是不可数名词橘汁，此题第一空应填 可数名词，第二空填不可数名词，因此选Co3. Every evening M r. King takes a to his home .A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walkC. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk解析：句中的minute应该用其复数的所有格形式，只+，,而不能+s,因此选A。4. An old wants to see you.A. people B. person C. the people D. the person 解析：person与people都有人”的意思,
9、但用法不同.“一个人”用“a person”,“两个人用two persons; people泛指“人们”是集合名词，表示复数,the people指“人 民”,a people指“一个民族”.应选B。5. Help yourself to .A. chickens and applesB. chickens and appleC. chicken and appleD. chicken and apples解析：chicken可用作可数名词指小鸡，用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;ap pie为可数名词，故应+s,因此选D。6. Oh, dear. I forgot the tw
10、o .A. rooms number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers 解析：room number房间号码.room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词.类似的还有my phs ics teacher, two bus drivers 等.应选 Co7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second .A. family B. house C. home D. room解析：family指的是家庭或是家庭成员；house指的是房子（住所）；roo
11、m指的是房间;而home 指的是家，因此选C.8. mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .A. Mary and PetersB. Mary and PeterC. Marys and PeterD. Marys and Peters解析：此句中“mothers”是复数，表示两个人各自的母亲，因此应选D。9. Li Lei has been to many times this month.A. her uncle B. her uncles C. her uncles D. aunts解析
12、：此句意为“李雷这个去她舅舅家多次表示具体场所时，可省去所有格后面的名词. 因此选Bo10. He is a success as a leader but he hasnt in teaching.A. many experiences B. much experienceC. an experience D. a lot experience解析：experience作“经验”讲时是不可数名词，作“经历”讲时是可数名词.本句中应理 解为“经验”,因此是不可数名词，排除A C.又因a lot of , lots of, plenty of只用于肯定 句，不用于否定句，因此选B。11. A c
13、lassmate of was here ten minutes ago.A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sisters解析：此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。12. A group of are talking with two .A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans frenchmansC. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen解析：Frenchman是复合词,其复数形式为Frenchmen; German的复数为直接在单词末尾+ S,应选A.13. The team ha
14、ving a meeting .A. is B. are C. am D. be解析：team是一个集合名词，即可表示复数意义（指整个小组）,也可指小组中的成员（表示 复数），此题意为后者，因此选Bo14. “Would you like V , please.”A. drink, Three coffees B. a cup of drink. CoffeesC. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three cups of coffees解析：drink和coffee是不可数名词，可以用of来表示数量，eg, three cups of coffee, 当前面加a
15、时,则表示“一杯？因此选C。15. The Great Wall was made not only by , but also the flesh and blood of men.A.earth and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millionsC. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, millions解析：earth是不可数名词，因此删除B D,数以百万的应为millions of .因此选Ao练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！选择最佳答案：1. Las
16、t night, there was a food accident. The were ill, but no were lo st. A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D. child, life2. This is a photo of when they were young.OK, how h叩py they both looked!A. my father and mother B. my mother and fathersC. my mothers and fathers D.my fathers and
17、my mother3. The new student is in , Grade Two.A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Three class4. Today is September 10th. Its Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers. A. Teachers B. Teachers* C. the Teachers* D. Teachers5. The market isnt far from here. Ifs only bicycle ride.A.
18、half an hours* B. half an hours C. half an hour D. an hour and a half6. What would you like to drink, girls?, please.A.Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of cofleC. Two cups of coffee D. Two cups of coffees7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for.A. fiin B. wishes C. interest
19、 D. thanks8. Some are flying kites near the river.A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs9. After the exam, well have holiday.A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks D. two weeks10. They are those bags.Please put them on the bus.A. visitor B. visitors C. visitors D. visitors11. How many workers are there i
20、n your factory?一 There are two .A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of12. What do you think of the the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven? It sounds really wonderful.A. subject B. music C. book D. animal13. There is not enough in the comer for the fridge.A. place B. room C. field D. ground14
21、. comes from sheep and some people like eating itA. Wool B. Pork C. Mutton D. Milk15. If you don*t take more , youll get fat.A. medicine B. lessons C. photos D. exercise16. My school is about twenty walk from here.A. minute B. minutes* C. minutess D. minutes17. Mum, I have to tell you!A. a good news
22、 B. some good news C. some good newes D. much good news18. Which is the to the post office?A. street B. way C. road D. address19. I stayed at last Sunday.A. my uncles B. my uncles C. my uncles D. my uncles family20. Maths not easy to learn.A. are B. is C. am D. were1-5 CBCBB 6-10 CACCD 11-15 ABBCD 1
23、6-20 BBBCB代词的用法人称代词：人称代词是指人的代词，有性、数、格的区别。表示“我”“你”“他”“我们”“你们“他们请看下表：数 格人称单数复数主格 宾格主格宾格第一人称we me we us第二人称 you you you you第三人称 he him they themshe heritit 人称代词主格在句中作主语。例如：She is my English teacher.宾格在句中作宾语。例如:They dont want me to go there alone.Dont worry. I can look after her.宾格还可以作宾格。特别是在口语中。例如：一 Wh
24、othat? Its me.注意：人称代词we, you, they可以用来表示一般人。例如：You cannot go into the hall with slippers.不准穿拖鞋进入大厅。人称代的主格作表语，般都在正中的谈话中，表示强调。例如：It was he who took away the necklace.是他拿走了那条项链。人称代词she可以用指代祖国、大地、月亮、轮船等。例如： The ship is leavi ng. Shes on her first trip to Boston.轮船要起航了。这时她第一次去波士顿。We love our country, we
25、hope shell be stronger and stronger.我们热爱我们的祖国, 我们希望她越来越强大。It作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。例如：It is about 10 kilometres from here.离这儿大约有 10 公里。It还可用作形式主语或形式宾语，来代替由不定式，动词的ing,形式或主语从句构成 的真正的主语或宾语，以避免句子头重脚轻。例如：It is not easy to learn English well.It is good for you taking a walk after supper.I found it diffi
26、cult to sleep.英语里当主语是并列的几个人时，人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同，I在最后，yo u在最前；但是，当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反，I在最前，you在最后。例如：You, he and I are all the winners.1, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project.2.物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性 物主代词。词义类型我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/她/它们的形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your
27、their名 词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。在句中作定语，后面跟名词。例如：To our surprise, he has passed the exam.(2)名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征，在句中作主4. The car and stopped at the red traffic light.A. got on B. got off C. slowed down D. picked up5. Tom the CD player for two weeks.A. has lent B.
28、 has borrowed C. has bought D. has had6. Do you know ?Sorry, but if he back, I you know as soon as possible. A. when will h e be back, comes, will let B. when he will be back, will come, will let C. what time w ill he be back, will come, let D. what time he will be back, comes, will let7. We to the
29、park if it is fine tomorrow.A. will go B. have gone C. go8. A new shoe factory will in this part of the city.A. be building B. be built C. build9. - all your things, Tom! I hate them here and there.Ok, Mom.A. Put up B. Put on C. Put down D. Put away10. - How about going hiking this weekend?- Sorry,
30、I prefer rather than .A. to stay at home, go out B. to go out, stay at homeC. staying at home, go out D. going out, stay at home解析：1.根据问句的时态现在进行时，答句时态要一致，故选答案：A2 .根据句中的谓语动词ask的固定搭配ask sb to do sth.故答案：D3 .根据第一句的固定动词词组catch up with sb及第二句的过去时态，故选答案：B4 .此题主要考查四个动词词组的掌握.根据后半句在红灯时停下来，故选答案：C5 .此题主要考查现在完成
31、时的延续和非延续动词，根据fbr two weeks时间短语。故选答 案：C6 .此题主要考查宾语丛句和状语丛句的习惯用法。第一句是特殊疑问句的宾语丛句，要用 陈述句语序。第二句是if条件句。丛句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。故选答案：B7 .此题考查if条件句的主句时态，要用一般将来时，故选答案；A8 .此题考查语态。根据全句的意思，使用被动语态。故选答案：B9 .此题考查四个动词词组put叩，张贴，举起；put on穿上，上演：put away把-收拾 好。根据后半句“我讨厌到处乱放”，故选答案：D10 .此题主要考查一个固定词组：prefer to do sth rather than
32、 do sth.故选答案：C. 练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！一、选择最佳答案填空（动词及搭配）：1. A policeman saw two thieves a girfs mobile phone on the bus and hecaught th em at once. A. to steal B. stealing C. stole D. stolen2. The Chinese pingpong players will join in the match.Lefs them success.wish B.to wish C.hope D.to hope3. He is so
33、careless that he always his school things at home.forgets B. forgot C. leaves D.left4. -Who the computer? I want to use it.-Timmy. He it fbr a week.borrowed, has borrowed B.has borrowed, boughtC.has borrowed, has kept D.bought, has borrowed5. Look! One of the girls the door.cleans B.is cleaning C.cl
34、ean D.are cleaning6. If you dont feel well, you may just .stopped reading B.stop reading C.stopped to read D.stop to read7. -Where can we get a baseball?-Lefs .A. lend Jim one B.lend one to JimC.borrow one from Jim D.borrow one of Jim8. -My model ship doesnt work.-Dont worry, ril have it this aftern
35、oon.A. repairing B.made C.repaired D.mend9. You wash your hands before meals.A. need B.must C.can D.may10. Will you the light? Its dark in the room.get on B.get off C.trun on D.tum off11. My name is Zhang Mingjian. You may me Zhang Mingjian or Mr Zhang.A. ask B.say C.tell D.call12. There is going to
36、 a game in our school this afternoon.has B.have C.be D.are13. Youd better smoking. Its bad for your health.eat up B.give up C.come up D.get up14. How do you like this book?-1 think it has nothing to with our study.A. make B.do C.take D.hold15. -Where is Mr Brown? I have some questions to ask him.-He
37、 the office.A. has been to B.has been in C.has gone to D.has gone in16. The bus kept the people fbr twenty minutes.A. wait B.to wait C.waiting D.waits1.1 1 believe the scientists will a better way to heal the disease.A. get on with B.come up with C.go on with D.catch up with18. -一Why do you often th
38、is pink blouse?-Because it fits me well.A. put on B.wear C.buy D.try on19. Jack always runs faster than Peter, but this time he him.A. went over B.fell behind C.put off D.dropped off20. The Internet it easy to get much new information in a short time.A. finds B.makes C.feelsD.takes参考答案：1-5 BACCB 610
39、 BCCBC 11-15 DCBBC 1620 CBBBB二、选择最佳答案填空（动词时态）：1. We out by that time that he a thief fbr a longtime.A. had found, had been B. had found, wasC. found, had beenD. found, was2. It so happened that they the novel before.A. had read B. would read C. were reading D. readShe for nearly two hours.A.
40、kept talking B. kept to talk C. has kept talking D. kept to talkingSpring after winter.A. comes B. came C. has come D. had come5.I hear some noise in the next room.-Oh, yes. Your sister there.A. cries B. is crying C. cried D. was cryingAll the students to plant trees and there,s nobody in the classr
41、oom.A. go B. will go C. have gone D. wound go7. Stop! A little boy the street.A. is crossing B. crosses C. crossed D. has crossed8. The girl to milk since last winter.A. learns B. learned C. has learned D. would learn9. What to you this morning?A. happens B. is happened C. happened D. was happened10
42、. The old man looks healthy.Yes. He some running after he gets up.A. does B. did C. has done D. will do11. She didnt pass the exams because she her lessons well.A. wasnt preparedB. wasnt been preparedC. hadnt preparedD. was preparing12. This story in a faraway village in Europe many years ago.A. is
43、happened B. was happened C. happened D. has been happened13. Mr King came back to our village.Really? For what?The old man the noise in the city.A. is hating B. hates C. was hating D. has hated14. His father fbr a week.A. died B. will die C. has been died D. has been dead15. My mother is ill. I stay
44、 at home and look after her.A. has to B. must C. would D. have to16. Do you know the Frenchman?-Yes. I him fbr two years.A. know B. have known C. knew D. have been known17. They all their money, so they have to walk home.spend B. had spent C. have spent D. will spend18. Great changes in the city, an
45、d a lot of factories.A.have been taken place, have been set upB.have taken place, have been set upC.have taken place, have set upD.were taken place, were set up19. When did Kates grandma die?-While the doctors on her.A. are operating B. were operating C. operate D. operated20. Who are you looking fo
46、r?Mr White.-Wait here fbr a while. The class meeting over in half an hour.A. is B. will be C. was D. has been21. If shes not at home, you try telephoning her at the office.A. will B. could C. would D. need22. All the new words up in the dictionary yet.A. have looked B. havent looked C. have been loo
47、ked D. havent been looked22.1 dont want to speak to her, but I .A. do B. have to C. have to speak D. must to24. Hurry up, or you the train.A. miss B. lose C. will miss D. will lose25. Thc new library next week.A., will build B . will be built C. would build D. would be built26. 一Wheres Mabel?一She ping pong behind the teaching building.A. is playing B.