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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译 系 别： 电子信息系 专 业： 通信工程 班 级： B 姓 名： 李 莎 学 号： B 外文出处： 网络资源 附 件： 1. 原文； 2. 译文 2013年03月专心-专注-专业原文：Design of Universal TPMS Based on PIC MCU1 IntroductionWith the high speed of road network booming rise，Traffic is developed，Vehicle speed increasing, traffic hazards prevention pr
2、oblems imminent, if because of the tire air-leaks and explosion etc cause traffic accident, many are by tyres work to high temperature or unreasonable tire pressure cause. Research car tires tire pressure monitoring system of modern automobile driving, when the economy, safety and manipulation stabi
3、lity is particularly important practical significance.Hardware constitution and software design method of the universal TPMS are introduced based on PIC MCU.The Design projects of the remote monitoring module based on infineon SPI2 sensor, Microchip rfPIC12F675F with ASK/FSK transmitter and the cent
4、ral receiver module based on Microchip PIC16F877A are described, and hardware circuitry and related programs flowcharts, communication protocols and algorithms are given1The system can measure the tires interior temperature, instantaneous pressure, voltage and acceleration at anytime, indicate the b
5、looey tires and alarm the driver to avoid the danger.Its of great importance for the popularization and optimization of the TPMS in our country.As authoritative research indicates,the key to Prevent a tire blow-out is maintaining standard tire Pressure and detecting tire fault beforehand.Thus,tire P
6、ressure monitoring becomes meaningful and important.TPMS ( Tire Pressure Monitoring System )，Mainly used in automobile driving real-time monitoring of tyre pressure automatically. Currently developed countries of the tire pressure early-warning system mainly divided into two types: one is JiaJieShi,
7、 it through car ABS (anti holding brake system) of the wheel sensor and tyre mechanical model, indirectly calculated for tyre pressure, in order to achieve the purpose; monitor tyre pressure Another kind is direct type, it USES installed in each of the tires with lithium ion battery for power supply
8、 pressure sensor to direct measurement of tyre pressure, and through wireless modulation launch to install in search of monitor, and monitor at any time display various tyre pressure, drivers can intuitivey understanding each tire pressure condition, when the tyre pressure is too low or have leakage
9、, the system will automatically alarm, ensure safety.TPMS as a new type automobile active safety device has been developing rapidly in recent years worldwide. Since it could monitor tire pressure and temperature in real time and alert the driver in time, most traffic accidents caused by flat tire co
10、uld be avoided to ensure safe driving. The development of tire pressure monitoring systems is reviewed including wheel speed based TPMS, pressure-sensor based TPMS and the coming generation so called non-battery passive TPMS. The components and working mechanism of tire pressure monitoring system ar
11、e introduced and their merits and defects analyzed and compared with the emphasis on three dominant direct TPMS systems, which are significant in its research and development. The prospect of future development trend is looked ahead. The non-battery TPMS is expected to replace the current one and be
12、come the dominant.Wireless signal transmission stability reliability insufficiency, the battery life problem, sensor life and durability problem, is the present T PMS products in the common problem. This system in addition to the sensor, all use Microchip company transceiver chip and micro control p
13、rocessor, low energy consumption, good compatibility and high reliability.And utilize FSK modulator mode, one-way communication mode, improving the system of signal transmission of anti-interference ability. Combined with the system USES the SP12 sensor and monitoring module microprocessor rfPIC12F6
14、75F characteristics, adopt LF low-frequency sensei technology, time-sharing send and receive different monitoring module rf signals, thus solving signal collision interference problems, and further energy saving system.2 System RequirementsCause a flat tire and blowout reasons are as follows:tyre te
15、mperature is exorbitant, the tyre pressure too big, tyres used for a long time, tire overload, automobile driving too fast.For that car to be in a safe driving condition, drivers must in driving process real-time understand tyre overpressure, voltage, temperature, etc. Work of the state, the system
16、has the following functions: real-time monitor tire pressure, temperature conditions, when a tire over-voltage, overheating, automatic sound and light alarm, when a tyre in undervoltage condition, corresponding the advantages indicator emit light.3 Hardware DesignThe system was divided into two Part
17、s functionally:tire Pressure measuring block and central monitoring block.The haudware composition was introduced respectively;hardware circuits ofeach block were also presented in this paper.Performance and function of main chips were introduced in detail,such as the sensor SP12,rfPIC12F675(MCU wit
18、h embedded UHF translmiter),receiver rfRXD0420,PIC16F877,and some other important components like LCM(with a T6963Ccontroller embeded)and ete.To enhance the anti-interference performance and realize low powerConsumption management,an active Low Frequency(LF)wake-up technology was adopted.As for soft
19、ware design,a dynamic time cycle measuring and transmitting method was proposed,and corresponding software arithmetic were given,Combining LF wake-up technology with low power management thought.Taking into consideration severe electromagnetic interference environment of cars,a CRC(Cyelic Redundancy
20、 Cheek)arithmetic was added into the communication protocol frames,compositive software filtering methods were also used to enhance the Reliability and preside of the system.This system consists of 5 modules, as shown in figure 1 shows, 4 for tyre within the surveillance modules, a used car, receivi
21、ng modules. Monitoring module includes sensor and launch module. The sensor to measure the pressure and temperature signals are converted to electric signals through wireless transmitting devices will signal launched. The pressure of the temperature sensor launched by the receiving module can receiv
22、e and process information,after driving on the display shows that in the course of driving real-time monitor. Showing the way such as LED, LCD or voice prompt, etc. Can be in accordance with the actualrequirements to design. The tyres monitoring module by central mainframe control module low-frequen
23、cy LF signal control, settle into work patterns interval time-sharing, rest time dormant.3.1 Hardware design of the master control module Car tires unique working environment conditions determines the tire pressure real-time monitoring of the high pressure sensor objectives: wide temperature area, w
24、ide voltage range of high accuracy and reliability, Low power requirements; Bad environment wireless signal transmission stability requirement. This system USES Infineon (Infineon) company SP12 tyre pressure temperature acceleration special detection sensor.Because electricity saving and super small
25、-scale demand, so adopted SP12 sensor. SP12 is a kind of piezoelectric resistor sensor, besides can measure pressure and temperature besides,still integrated add speed sensor and voltage preach implement, pressure measurement range 100 450kPa, temperature measurement range for - 40 + 125. The averag
26、e power consumption for standby mode only 13 muon A. Has the SPI serial communication mouth, more convenient and controller can be composed SCM system.RfPIC12F675F Microchip company is launched monolithic integrated embedded rf wireless data transmitters 8-bit CMOS micro controller. 1024 x 14 progra
27、mmable an EPROM, 64 x 8 bytes data storage, 128 x 8 bytes EEPROM data storage, 16 special function of hardware registers, The watchdog timer, low power consumption, sleep patterns, six general I/O functions; Working voltage, low power consumption 55V 25 sleep patterns for 500 mu A current. Embedded
28、UHF add/FSK emitter, rf frequency range for 230 930MH z,adjustable output power + 6 - 15dBm, add data emission rate 0 40Kbps, FSK data launch rate 0 20Kbps; PLL phase-locked VCO, integrated oscillators, and that the circuit only a few external components. Comply with US and European EN ts 15231 FCC
29、rules.The tyres monitoring module circuit structure as figure shows, by micro controller rfPIC12F675F, pressure and temperature acceleration sensor SP12, antenna network and LF low-frequency awakening of circuit composed of four. Peripheral components and simple circuit, and high reliability. Using
30、the SPI serial data interface SP12 SDO, SCLK and SDI respectively with micro-controller rfPIC12F675F on GP4, GP1 and GP2 connection, because rfPIC12F675F without hardware SPI function, but it is easier for software simulation and SP12 between serial communication. The built-in launch chips contain t
31、ransmit power amplifier PA, the crystal oscillator, phase-locked VCO is PLL, VCO and pattern logic control blocks circuits, etc. This application system by working frequency for 433M Hz, XTAL pins and FSKOUT pins between join external crystal oscillator clamps its X1 capacitor C1, C2,realize FSK mod
32、ulation. When DATAFSK=1, FSKOUT for high impedance condition,transmit frequency fMAX; for, When DATAFSK=0, FSKOUT and VSSRF grounding,capacitance C1, C2 in parallel, the transmit frequency for f MIN. This system transmission power for + 2dB, standby current consumption only 10 mu A. During liftoff,
33、VCO output signal is directly into the VCO output to PA, the frequency of crystal oscillator frequency 32 times, taking landuse-dat AFSK the input of digital signal (GP0 for signal input control terminals, and taking landuse-dat AFSK connected) was FSK after power amplifier output,PA to direct drive
34、 antenna.The low-frequency sensei module by L and C form a parallel LC resonant circuit used to receive from the host a LF sensei signal. Output terminal with rfPIC12F675FIO port GP3 connected, as the result of a relatively high voltage, comparator output interrupts. Sensei rfPIC12F675F, the sensiti
35、vity of 5mV.3.2 Host control module hardware design The main engine control module by low frequency signals sent circuit and MCU, rf receive circuit and human-computer interface 4 parts. One chooses MICROCHIP companies producing the MCU midrange micro controller PIC16F877A, it has low price, high pe
36、rformance, chip rich resources and high reliability etc. Low frequency signal transmission circuit adopts high-power CMOS chip drive serial driver resonant circuit, sending low frequency signal. Rf receive circuit used MICROCHIP rf receiver chips r fRXD0420, it has small, receiving high sensitivity,
37、 strong anti-jamming capability advantages. The man-machine interface circuit using mature module design, use the buttons as input interface, 128 * 64-bit bitmap graphics LCD as output interface.When the circuit in-tune, tandem resonance frequency by formula: f = 1 / (2 L C). As to reduce cost, tand
38、em resonant circuit driver PIC16F877A PWM signal used by its issued function, driven signal incentive series circuit.4 Software designTPMS system is strictly for power requirements, so they need good algorithms for complete system requirements.You should minimize the number of required for TPMS beca
39、use of power-transmission system.The sensors need little of power consumption in sleep mode.4.1 Tire Monitoring Module The system goes into sleep mode after initialization, waiting for the host module LF low frequency signals emitted wake. Resolved and the LF signal based on the received command, co
40、nfigure the sensor SP12, real-time pressure and temperature data collection, taking the average 100 (false alarm), formed by the data frame transmitted encoded data. Start UHF RF transmitter circuit for data transmission.4.2 Host display moduleHost PIC16F877A after initialization (including the comp
41、letion of its surrounding RF module and display module initialization), by scanning interval to four tire rotation frequency of 125kHz module sends an LF low frequency signals, in turn will activate and turn the tire module RF receiver interrupt waiting to receive each module sends back the tire tem
42、perature data in real time for the decoded analysis, the standard set safety pressure and temperature range, and determines whether the alarm, and transmit data to the liquid crystal screen display. Set reasonable time delay, the loop above flow timeshare acquisition and monitoring the pressure of t
43、he tire module temperature conditions. Thus the fundamental solution to the problem of collisions with the frequency signal interference, but also to save power provides an effective control methods. Fully into account the energy and real-time monitoring of these two factors, the system initiates a
44、set interval 200ms LF wakeup operations.4.3 Communication ProtocolIn order to achieve four tire module and the central host to receive module for wireless communication, a communication protocol must be developed. Manchester encoding used here, FSK Modulation and 9600BP / S transfer rate. Tire modul
45、e sends data in the form of data frames, when the tire module rfPIC12F675F determine when to send data, the leading bit of the data frame by sending a wake up the host receiver module then sends ID, pressure, temperature, status, parity, and stop bits.5 SummaryThis paper proposes a new method of cal
46、culating target distance.This method does not need to obtain accurate focusing of the image, you only need a normal CCD camera to get the distance information, so the system structure is simple, easy to operate .While using a single camer a from selecting and feature points for image registration, i
47、n favour of real-time system implementation;And the algorithm to take full advantage of all color information for the image, avoid using grayscale image information loss-free .Experiments show that its effect is better than using a grayscale image to obtain depth information.译文：基于PIC 单片机的通用胎压监测系统的设计
48、1 引言随着高速公路网的蓬勃兴起，交通的日趋发达，车辆行驶速度的不断攀升，交通隐患的防范问题迫在眉睫，如因车胎漏气和爆炸等原因造成的交通事故，很多是由轮胎的工作温度过高或者不合理胎压引起的。研究汽车轮胎胎压监测系统，就对现代汽车行驶时的经济性、安全性和操纵稳定性具有尤为重要的现实意义。PIC单片机的轮胎压力通用监测系统的硬件组成及软件设计方法，阐述了基于英飞凌SP12传感器和带ASK/FSK调制发射芯片的rfPIC12F675F微控制器的轮胎监测模块设计方案和基于PIC16F877A单片机的中央主机接收模块的设计方案，并给出了模块硬件电路以及相关程序框图、通信协议和算法等；该系统可随时测定每个轮胎内部的实际温度、瞬压、加速度和传感器电压,确定故障轮胎并实时发出警告，有效避免事故的发生；该方案的提出有利于国内TPMS产品的普及和功能优化。 权威的研究结果表明，保持标准的轮胎气压和及时发现轮胎故障是防止爆胎的关键，这就使对轮胎充气压力实行监测显得非常重要。TPMS( Tire Pressure Monitoring System )，主要用于在汽车行驶时实时的对轮胎气压进行自动监测。目前各国研制的轮胎气压报警系统主要分为两种类型：一种是间接式，它通过汽车ABS( 防