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1、高中英语被动语态用法讲解以及练习巩固主动语态表被动1.连系动词(如：feel,taste,sound,smell,look等)用主动形式表示被动意义。如：This material feels very soft. 这块材料摸上去很柔软。This apple tastes good. 这个苹果尝起来很好吃。2. 有些表示主语内在性质或性能的不及物动词常与一些副词连用，用一般现在时的主动形式表示被动意义，其主语一般为事物。这些动词有：sell,read, write,wash,wear,last等。如：The pen writes smoothly 这支笔写起来很流畅。This kind of
2、food sells well. 这种食物很畅销。3. 动词need, want, require表示需要时，后接动名词或不定式的被动式表示被动意义。如：Your room needs cleaning/to be cleaned. 你的房间需要打扫一下。My house requires repairing/to be cleaned. 我的房子需要修理一下。4. 在be worth doing短语中，动作与主语之间存在动宾关系，用主动形式表示被动意义。如：This book is well worth reading 这本书很值得一读。5. 在主语 +be + adj +to do这个句型
3、中，不定式动作与主语之间存在动宾关系，则用主动形式表示被动意义。如：This question is hard to answer. 这个问题很难回答。English is easy to learn. 英语很好学。6. Wont或wouldnt表示不愿时，后面的动词常用主动形式表示被动意义。如：The door wont open. 这门就是打不开。This box wouldnt move. 这个盒子就是移不动。时态里语态语法攻略1. It has been raining in the past three weeks.过去三周一直在下雨。(完成时间状语)2. He was writin
4、g a book last year, but I dont know whether he has finished it.他去年在写一本书，我不知道他写完了没。3. The plane is arriving in 5 minutes. 飞机将于5分钟之后到达。(进行时表将来)4. I had meant to come here, but I was too busy then.(过去完成时)我本来打算来这儿的，但是当时太忙了。5. If he comes today , I wont go. 今天如果他会来，我将不走。(主从句时态)6. He studied in Shanghai f
5、or 3 years, and then he has lived in Beijing till now/ since then/ever since他在上海读了三年书。然后就一直住在北京。(过去时，完成时)7. I will have written 200 poems by the end of next term.到下学期末为止，我将写完200首诗。(将来完成时)8. He is afraid of being laughed at. 他害怕人嘲笑。 (被动中的介词不省略)9. The workers get paid by the month. 这些工人按月发工资。(get表被动)1
6、0. His theory proved (to be ) true. 他的理论被证实是对的。(系动词)11. This book sells well and is worth reading. Besides, it is easy to understand.这本书好卖，而且值得一读，另外，这本书读起来易懂。12. The Great Wall is worth reading. (=It is worthwhile to visit the Great Wall ).长城值得参观。被动语态的用法1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词Our c
7、lassroom is cleaned everyday. 我们教室每天都被打扫。I am asked to study hard. 我被告知要努力学习。Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来切东西的。2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 恐龙蛋被放置了很久很久。3. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词A new hospi
8、tal will be built in our city. 我们城市将要修建一家新医院。Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年会种更多的树。4. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自行车。They are planting trees over there. Trees are being planted over ther
9、e by them. 他们在那里种植的树木。5. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书被翻译成多种文字。Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 在许多国家有许多人造卫星被送上了太空。6.过去进行时的被动语态构成：was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词The boy was being operated on when
10、his parents hurried to the hospital.当他的父母赶到医院的时候这个男孩正在做手术。The new road was being made.这条新路正在修筑。7.过去完成时的被动语态构成：had + been + 及物动词的过去分词The classroom hadnt been cleaned before the teacher came. 在老师来之前，教室尚未打扫。The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema.在门票被销售一空前我赶到了电影院。8.将来完成时的被动语态构成：shall/
11、will + have doneThey will have been married for 20 years by then. 届时，他们结婚将满20周年。The project will have been completed before May.该项目将在五月前完成。9.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often. 小树需要经常浇水。Your mistakes should be corrected right now. 你应该现在就改正你的错误。The door may be locked
12、inside. 这扇门可以反锁。Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 你的家庭作业可以明天交。被动语态的使用的几个注意点1. 不及物动词无被动语态。What will happen in 100 years？一百年里会发生什么事？The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 约65万年前恐龙灭绝。2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好写。This new book sells well. 这本新书卖的很好。3. 感官动词或使役动词使用
13、省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。例：make somebody do somethingsomebody+ be +made to do somethingsee somebody do somethingsomebody +be +seen to do somethingA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 一个女孩看到我的钱夹掉了当她经过的时候。The boss made the l
14、ittle boy do heavy work.The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 这个老板让这小男孩干重活。4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。He gave me a book.A book was given to me by him. 他给了我一本书。He showed me a ticket.A ticket was shown to me by him. 他给我展示了一张票。My father bought me a new bik
15、e. A new bike was bought for me by my father. 我父亲给我买了一辆新自行车。5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。We cant laugh at him. He cant be laugh at by us. 我们不能嘲笑他。He listens to the radio every day. The radio is listened to by him every day. 他每天都收听广播。The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The sick m
16、an is being taken care of by the nurse.这护士在照顾这个虚弱的男人。被动语态的练习1) The blackboard and chalk _(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).2) The book _(到今年年底就将已出版).3) Computer models _(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).4) When the bill of fare was brought, _(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预料).5) _(必须立即采取有效措施)参考答案：1) is being replaced by the computer and the projector(
17、考点：被动语态的现在进行时)2) will have been published by the end of this year(考点：被动语态的将来完成时)3) can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work(考点：1. 被动语态与情态动词联用; 2. 汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动, 要译成英语的被动语态)4) I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated(考点：同“3”的考点2)5) Effective measures must be taken immediately(考点：汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态)学科网（北京）股份有限公司