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1、动词的被动语态被动语态：当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被语态。做题是要仔细观察动词和其前的名词或代词的关系。一 被动语态的用法： 1 强调动作的承受者 More patients have been treated in hospital this year than last year.2 不知道动作的执行者或没必要说明动作的执行者.New functions are being added to the phone.3 为了强调动作的执行者用by修饰。 Saningdui was first discovered by farmers. 二 被动语态的构成：被动语态由“助动词be
2、+及物动词的过去分词”，助动词be需和主语的人称和数一致。如1一般现在时：You are required to do this.2一般过去时：It was 2 hours wait by the time the announcement was made, saying my flight was canceled.3一般将来时：New building and sports venues will be built for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.4过去将来时 ：He said that the trees would be planted soon
3、.5现在进行时： With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away 6过去进行时：The new tool was being made.7 现在完成时： More people have been treated in hospital this year than at any time since the start of the health Service.8过去完成时：-I saw Dave in the lift this morning.- Really?
4、 He hadnt been seen around here for a long time.三 被动语态的几种类型1 带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。We were deeply moved by his speech.2有两个宾语的动词如give ,send,take,teach,show,tell,pay, offer, hand, pass,promise等borrow等，变为被动语态时，两个宾语都可变为主语。当把表物的宾语变为主语，留在原位的表人的宾语前要加for或 to . I was given a ticket for the concer
5、t (by him).A ticket for the concert was given to me (by me) 3有复合宾语的动词变为被动时，只能将宾语变为主语，宾补留在原处。1） 宾补是形容词，名词，副词，过去分词，现在分词或介词。He is considered honest.2） 宾补是省”to”不定式，变被动时要加上”to”如feel find, see,hear,watch,observe,notice,make,have, help等He was noticed to cross the street.4 短语动词变为被动时，动词后面的介词或副词不要漏掉。 The chil
6、dren will be taken good care of.注意：动词短语“动词+名词+介词”结构变被动时可把其中的名词作主语。如catch sight of ,keep an eye on ,make use of ,pay attention to ,take notice of ,take care of 等。 Attention must be paid to your pronunciation.5带情态动词的被动结构，由情态动词+be+动词的过去分词构成 In this sense, bad things can be turned into good things. 6 汉语
7、有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。It is/was said/hoped/believed/considered/thought/known.that At first it was thought that the skills to make copper and bronze objects spread to Britain through war and armed conflict.四 不用被动的情形1 谓语是及物动词have, own ,hold suit ,enter,lack,benefit,reach,leave,hold,suit,fit等。The r
8、oom can hold 50 people.2 谓语动词上不可拆的短语动词take place, lose heart ,belong to ,consist of 等。 May 4th Movement took place in 1919.3宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，动名词抽象名词等。The Chinese people are having a happy life.五 被动语态与系表结构的区别 被动语态表示的是动作，句中的主语是动作的对象，可用by介词引导的短语；系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态，没有介词by所引导的短语。 I was frightened by
9、 his ghost story. I was frightened of snakes.注意：get done结构强调结果，和be done同样有不同时态，构成疑问时要借助于助动词。Our house is getting painted.How did he get lost in the frog?六 主动语态表被动意义1某些动词表示主语本身的性质，且主语应该是事物。如sell ,read, feelwrite,wear,wash,open,clean,measure,lock,run,begin等.The pen writes well and sells well.2不定式的主动形式
10、表被动。 1）作定语用的不定式逻辑主语是句中的主语或宾语时。否则还是用被动。“Do you have any homework to do?” asked the mother.“Do you have any clothes to be washed? “asked the servant.2)在”be +adj+不定式”结构中。如easy, comfortable，dangerous,difficult,hard,heavy, important等。The chair is very comfortable to sit on. 3)不定式to let, to seek, to blame等。 Nobody was to blame for the accident.3表示状态特征的连系动词。如look,feel,smell,taste,sound, prove, appear等 Good medicine tastes bitter.4某些动词用其主动形式代被动。如want,need,require等 The classroom wants cleaning.5形容词worth 后直接加动名词时。The novel is worth reading.学科网（北京）股份有限公司