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1、功能功能例句例句说明说明主语主语To speak English is not easy for us.做主语用的不定式，常常用做主语用的不定式，常常用it作形作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语表语My work is to clean the room every day.大多数情况下，不定式作表语，可大多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语。转换为作主语。宾补宾补My mother made me play he piano all the time.在在make,let,see,hear,watch 等使等使役、感官动词后，役、感官动词后，不定式省略不定式
2、省略toHave you got anything to say?What sports does he like to play?只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不做介词宾语。做介词宾语。宾语宾语定语定语定语定语Have you got anything to say?不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面的后面状语状语Im sorry to trouble you.(表原因）表原因）I went to the library to study English.（表目的）（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一
3、致。和句子的主语一致。打算想要学会它打算想要学会它准备决定被拒绝准备决定被拒绝希望同意来帮忙希望同意来帮忙未能做到不假装未能做到不假装tell sb to do sthaskgetencouragewantallow但是以下动词不定式作宾补时，但是以下动词不定式作宾补时，不定式省略不定式省略to.feel,hear,listen to,let,make,havelook at,see,watch,notice 但变成被动语态时，必须加上但变成被动语态时，必须加上to.The boss made my friends workthe whole night.My friends _ work t
4、he whole night by the boss.were made toI have no chair to sit on.1.When and where to build the new power station_ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided2.Is_necessary to change trains at Beijing?A.thisB.that C.itD.he功能功能例句例句说明说明 主语主语Eating too much is bad for you
5、r health.谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数形式形式Stamps are used for sending letters.I like playing basketball every much.宾宾 表语表语 动词动词宾语宾语 介词介词宾语宾语 性的动作。性的动作。表示一般的习惯或表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常抽象行为或经常定语定语 His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.She is in the reading room.We should improve our teaching methods.
6、多数情况下，多数情况下，动名词作表语可动名词作表语可转换成作主语。转换成作主语。只表明它所修饰的只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属词的用途、所属关系等。关系等。置于所置于所修饰词之前。修饰词之前。语语 动词后接不定式和动名词的区别动词后接不定式和动名词的区别stop to do stop doing remember to do remember doing forget to do forget doing try to do try doing go on to do go on doing allow sb to do allow doing regret to do regret doin
7、g mean to do mean doing 句子练习请不要说话。停下来想一会儿。我记得把你的信寄出去了。请记得把我的信寄走。我忘记要带作业了。我忘记已把作业带来了。他试着用英语和我们谈话。下次设法做得更好些。功能功能例句例句说明说明Do you know the girl standing under the tree?Please hand in your written exercises.现在分词作定语，其现在分词作定语，其逻辑逻辑主语主语就是它所修饰的词；就是它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其过去分词作定语，其逻辑逻辑宾语宾语就是它所修饰的词。就是它所修饰的词。定语定语状语状语The
8、 students went out of the classroom,talking and laughing.Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful.分词的逻辑主语是句子分词的逻辑主语是句子的逻辑主语。的逻辑主语。He told us the _ news.The _ pupils jumped with joyThe story made us laugh.The audience laughed all the time.excitingamusedamusing excitedIs this the book _ by H
9、enry?(write)The guests _ to the party were big names.(invite)He is a teacher _ by his students.(respect)writteninvitedrespected可以表示时间可以表示时间可以表示时间可以表示时间,原因原因原因原因,结果结果结果结果,条件条件条件条件,行行行行为方式或伴随动作等为方式或伴随动作等为方式或伴随动作等为方式或伴随动作等。1).Using your head,youll find a good way.Working hard,youll surely succeed.条件状语条
10、件状语If you use your headIf you work hard3).Walking in the street,I saw a tailors shop.4).His father died,leaving the family even worse off.时间时间When I was walking in the street.结果结果and this left the family even worse off 5)Four people entered the room,5)Four people entered the room,looking looking aro
11、und in a curious wayaround in a curious way.6)He came running back to tell me the 6)He came running back to tell me the news.news.伴随状语伴随状语方式方式 1.The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay.2.Seen from the top of the hill,we find the city more beautiful.3.Generally speak,facial expressions are he
12、lpful communications,too.workingSeeingspeaking单句改错单句改错在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已完成的动作。boiling water 沸水boiled water 开水developing country 发展中国家developed country 发达国家rising sun 正在升起的太阳risen sun 已升起的太阳falling leaves 正落下的树叶fallen leaves 落叶功能功能例句例句说明说明The situation is encouraging.The boy is too frightened
13、 tomove.现在分词表示主语的性质现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示、特征；过去分词表示某种状态。某种状态。表语表语补足补足语语Dont keep us waiting for a long time.I heard him singing in the classroom.Hell have his hair cut after school.现在分词作补足语，被现在分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语的逻辑主语(即主动关系即主动关系）；过去分词作补足语，）；过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语（即被动它的逻辑宾语（
14、即被动关系）。关系）。II.II.现在分词作宾语补足语现在分词作宾语补足语感觉动词：感觉动词：hear,see,notice,watch,feel,find,smell,observe,look at,listen to,catch(撞见撞见)等。等。have,make,keep,get,leave等。等。e.g.I heard someone calling me.We found the snake eating the eggs.现在分词作宾语补足语常用在一些现在分词作宾语补足语常用在一些感觉动词感觉动词和和使役动词使役动词的宾语后面，与宾语有的宾语后面，与宾语有 逻辑上的逻辑上的主谓关
15、系主谓关系与句子的宾语是与句子的宾语是主动关系主动关系 动作的进行动作的进行I caught the boys stealing apples from my garden.She kept the candle burning all night.The old man got the clock working again.现在分词作现在分词作宾语补足语宾语补足语：表示：表示使役动词使役动词：非谓语动词非谓语动词 的的时态和语态时态和语态4.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing.A.To see B.Seeing C
16、.See D.To be seen5.She pretended _the letter I wrote the day before yesterday.A.not to receive B.not receiving C.not to hear from D.having not received6.I cant imagine _ that with such a famous author.A.work B.to work C.to be working D.working7.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a rock
17、 by the side of the path.A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest8.People couldnt help _ the funny villager.A.laugh at B.to laught at C.laughing at D.laughing on9.I cant help _the house because Im busy making a cake.A.to clean B.cleaning C.cleaned D.being cleaned11.Im thirsty.Would you please giv
18、e me something _.A.drunk B.to drink C.to be drunk D.for drinking12.When I handed the report to John,he said that George was the person_.A.to send B.for sending it C.to send it to D.for sending it to 13.There was a terrible noise _the sudden burst of light.A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.be
19、ing followed14The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written15Mrs.Smith warned her husband _ after drinking again and again.A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive16.They
20、 knew her very well.They had seen her_up from childhood.A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow17.Believe it or not,he was seen _upstairs just now.A.to go B.to going C.having gone D.go18.It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night.A.to burn B.burn C.burning D.burned19.The salesman scolded the gi
21、rl caught _ and let her off.A.to have stolen B.to be stealing C.to steal D.stealing20.He was disappointed to find his suggestion_.A.turning down B.turned down C.to be turned down D.to turn down21.The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.t
22、ied22.Tom kept quiet about the accident _lose his job.A.not in order to B.so as not to C.in order to not D.not so as to 23.They have had a long and bitter struggle _ their living conditions.A.to improving B.for improving C.to improve D.improve24.To master a foreign language,_.A.a lot of practice is
23、neededB.it needs a lot of practiceC.practice is in need of D.one needs a lot of practice25.The secretary worked late into the night,_ a long speech for the president.A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing26._more attention,the work would have been done better.A.Given B.To give C.Giving
24、D.Having given27._a reply,he decided to write a sixth letter.A.Not receiving B.Not to receive C.Not having received D.Having not received28.Charles Babbage is generally considered_ the first computer.A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having invented29.The squirrel was lucky that it just m
25、issed_.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch30.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking31.What do you think of the book?Oh,excellent.Its worth _a second time.A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read32.The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday.A.cleaning B.be cleaned C.clean D.being cleaned