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1、语法专项复习-宾（一）连 接 词语从句 一、宾语从句的概念一、宾语从句的概念 宾语从句属于名词性从句，在宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句中作主句的宾语。句中作主句的宾语。eg.We know Mr Green teaches English.She asked if these answers were right.二、宾语从句三要素：二、宾语从句三要素：连连 接接 词词时时 态态语语 序序（一）连（一）连 接接 词词1.连词连词that引导：作从句的原句是陈述句。引导：作从句的原句是陈述句。I hear _English is not easy.2.if/whether“是否是否”，用它，用它引
2、导从句，引导从句，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在用在ask,wonder,can(could)you tell me 等后。原句为一般疑问句，选择疑等后。原句为一般疑问句，选择疑问句或反意疑问句。问句或反意疑问句。Could you tell me if(whether)Miss Brown lives in that house?3.当从句原本是特殊疑问句时，用以下连接代词当从句原本是特殊疑问句时，用以下连接代词和连接副词引导：和连接副词引导：what,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,how,why,how far,h
3、ow long,how many,how much,how often作用：连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成作用：连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义。分，具有一定的意义。eg:I didnt hear _he wanted me to do.I want to know _is that young man.Tom asked us_we would start the party.（二）语序：陈述句语序（二）语序：陈述句语序 （三）时态：（三）时态：主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态。主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态。主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态。主
4、句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态。即：主句即：主句+连接词连接词+从句（主从句（主+谓谓+其他成分）其他成分）Do you still remember _(他说的什他说的什么么)?特殊情况特殊情况：1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时。名言时，任用现在时。Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.He told the boy that three and three is six.Could you tell me where the bookshop is.2.从
5、句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。The teacher told me she was born in 1960.三、三、宾语从句注意事项宾语从句注意事项(一一)当从句的原句为当从句的原句为以下句子以及以下句子以及what,who作主语时，作主语时，语序不变语序不变：Whats wrong?Whats the matter?Whats happening?eg:I dont know whats the matter.Can you tell me who is over there?(二
6、二)只能用只能用whether不能用不能用if的情况的情况1.在介词后面：在介词后面：Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.We didnt think about whether it would rain the next day.2.在动词不定式前：在动词不定式前：They asked me whether to sit at the front.3.当与当与or not连用，或连用，或提出两种选择提出两种选择 时时:I dont know whether hes free or not.Mary asked whether I was
7、doing my homework or not.Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room.4.宾语从句提前时：宾语从句提前时：Whether this is true or not,I cant say.5.在动词在动词discuss后的后的宾语从句中宾语从句中:We discussed whether we would have a sports meeting next week.6.引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用用whether：Whether he is right or w
8、rong is a question.The question was whether he went there last night.(三三)用用if不用不用whether的情况的情况:1.引导否定概念的宾语从句时：引导否定概念的宾语从句时：He asked me if I hadnt finish my homework.2.引导条件状语从句，引导条件状语从句，if意为意为“如果如果”时时:Well go hiking if it doesnt rain tomorrow.四、宾语从句转化为简单句四、宾语从句转化为简单句1.当主从句的主语一致时：当主从句的主语一致时：1)I dont k
9、now what I shall do next.I dont know what to do next.2)John didnt decide which shirt he would buy.John didnt decide which shirt to buy.2.当主句的谓语含有双宾语时，如果间当主句的谓语含有双宾语时，如果间宾与从句（直宾）中的主语一致时：宾与从句（直宾）中的主语一致时：1)Can you tell me how I can get to the police station?Can you tell me how to get to the police stat
10、ion?2)Please show me how I should start the recorder.Please show me how to start the recorder.3.当主句的谓语动词是当主句的谓语动词是order,require等时，如果主句和从句的等时，如果主句和从句的主语主语 不一致，不一致，宾语从句可转化为宾语从句可转化为“名词（代词）名词（代词）+不定式不定式”结构结构:The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.The headmaster ordered us to start at once.4
11、.其他转换：其他转换：1)He insisted that he should go with us.He insisted on going with us.2)We found that the box was very heavy.We found that the box very heavy.Exercise:1._he will tell us _ he didnt take the money is still a question.A.if;if B.whether;whetherC.whether;if D.if;whether2.This is the room_ we lived in last year.3.This is the room_ we lived last year.4.Its only two days_we spent on holidays.6.This is the factory_we visited last week.A.It B.what C.which D.who7.I dont know_winter starts in China.