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1、如何写拓展要点概要如何写拓展要点概要 先简述事件的经过,不宜长篇大论,先简述事件的经过,不宜长篇大论,特别是在夹叙夹议的文体中,只须按特别是在夹叙夹议的文体中,只须按记叙文的写作方法,包含记叙文的写作方法,包含“谁干了什谁干了什么事?结果如何?么事?结果如何?”然后再谈谈本人然后再谈谈本人对此次经历的看法及感受或是从这次对此次经历的看法及感受或是从这次经历中得出了什么经验教训。常用的经历中得出了什么经验教训。常用的句型有:句型有:第1页/共77页 I had an unforgettable experience.From the experience I realize that.我曾有一次
2、难忘的经历我曾有一次难忘的经历从这次经历中,我意识到从这次经历中,我意识到 The story reminds me of my experience of.这个故事让我想起了我经历过的一件事这个故事让我想起了我经历过的一件事 I also had a similar experience,from which I learn that.我也有一次类似的经历,从中我学到了我也有一次类似的经历,从中我学到了第2页/共77页即时练习即时练习(2008年高考年高考)对中学生活的感受。对中学生活的感受。名师点拨:名师点拨:简单说说自己的经历,然简单说说自己的经历,然后带出感受。后带出感受。第3页/共7
3、7页(承上启下承上启下,引出经历引出经历)Mikes story reminds me of my own experience of middle school life.At that time,I depended totally on my parents so as to equip myself with abundant knowledge.What I had to do is(to)study hard.As a result,I didnt know how to cope with the problems in daily life and I had few frie
4、nds though I got high marks in exams.第4页/共77页第5页/共77页 说明某一品质或做某事的重要性时,从多方面来阐述,如社会、生活、工作、学习等方面来论述,切忌泛泛而谈,同时还要条理清晰。常用到的句型有:说明某一品质或做某事的重要性时,从多方面来阐述,如社会、生活、工作、学习等方面来论述,切忌泛泛而谈,同时还要条理清晰。常用到的句型有:.is of great importance/significance/value/help.To begin with,it can.Besides,it strengthens the tie between.Fina
5、lly,it helps to.has a great impact on Firstly,.Secondly,.Thirdly,.第6页/共77页 .plays an important/significant role/part in.For one thing,.For another,.即时练习即时练习谈谈与父母交流思想的重要性。谈谈与父母交流思想的重要性。名师点拨:名师点拨:先用一句话总说重要性,然后再说具体在哪方面的重要性,最后点题。先用一句话总说重要性,然后再说具体在哪方面的重要性,最后点题。第7页/共77页 (总说总说)Childrens communicating with
6、parents plays an important part in building a harmonious relationship with each other.(列举列举一方面一方面)For one thing,willingness to exchange opinions means trusting each other,which leads to better understanding of each other.第8页/共77页(例举另一方面例举另一方面)For another,it can narrow the generation gap and reduce c
7、onflicts,which will contribute to building up a nicer relationship between parents and children.第9页/共77页第10页/共77页 先从材料中概括故事的寓意,注意故事要表达的主旨,不要偏离了中心。常用的句型有:先从材料中概括故事的寓意,注意故事要表达的主旨,不要偏离了中心。常用的句型有:The story teaches us that.这个故事教育我们这个故事教育我们 From the story,we learn that.通过这个故事,我们学到通过这个故事,我们学到/明白了明白了 After
8、reading the story,we realize that.读了这个故事后,我们认识到读了这个故事后,我们认识到第11页/共77页即时练习即时练习(2009年广州二模要点年广州二模要点1)你从故事中学到什么道你从故事中学到什么道理?理?名师点拨:名师点拨:阅读材料中阅读材料中“玫瑰因为自己的美丽玫瑰因为自己的美丽而沾沾自喜,嘲笑长相不佳的仙人掌,而仙人而沾沾自喜,嘲笑长相不佳的仙人掌,而仙人掌在干旱时节却用自己的汁液帮助那些口渴的掌在干旱时节却用自己的汁液帮助那些口渴的鸟鸟”我们从中可知我们从中可知“仙人掌虽然长相不佳,但仙人掌虽然长相不佳,但在关键时刻能牺牲自己帮助别人在关键时刻能牺
9、牲自己帮助别人”,因此得出,因此得出“美丽并不是唯一,其他如善良、诚实、乐于美丽并不是唯一,其他如善良、诚实、乐于助人等品质比美貌更重要,因此不能以貌取人助人等品质比美貌更重要,因此不能以貌取人”。第12页/共77页This story teaches us that we should not judge people or things based only on their appearance.There are other characteristics such as kindness,第13页/共77页honesty and devotion as well as willing
10、ness to help others that count.Beauty is only a superficial attraction but personality,the inside,is what really matters.第14页/共77页第15页/共77页先明确表明自己的观点,然后再列出具体的多个理由,不能一句话轻轻带过。可用句型有:先明确表明自己的观点,然后再列出具体的多个理由,不能一句话轻轻带过。可用句型有:There are reasons why.First of all,.Then.Finally,.做某事的原因有:第一,做某事的原因有:第一,;其次,;其次,;
11、最后;最后 Reasons for this are varied.Some people think.Others think.其原因是多方面的,有人认为其原因是多方面的,有人认为另外一些人认为另外一些人认为第16页/共77页 I firmly support the view that.because.In addition,.我坚决赞同我坚决赞同的看法,因为的看法,因为,此外,此外 The reasons can be listed as follows./The reasons for this are as follows.To begin with,.In addition,.其理
12、由可列举如下其理由可列举如下/其理由如下:首先,其理由如下:首先,;其次,;其次,第17页/共77页即时练习即时练习(2009年高考年高考)人们在参观动物园时为什么喜欢和动物拍照?人们在参观动物园时为什么喜欢和动物拍照?名师点拨:名师点拨:先用一句话总说人们喜欢和动物拍照,然后再列出几个理由。先用一句话总说人们喜欢和动物拍照,然后再列出几个理由。第18页/共77页(明确观点明确观点)When visiting wildlife parks,many tourists love to take photos with animals.(总述理由总述理由)Reasons for this are
13、varied.(例举例举理由理由)Some people want to remember their enjoyable and unforgettable experience with the animals by taking photos with them(第一条第一条).第19页/共77页Besides,animals like koala and panda are so lovely that many tourists can not help hugging them and photographing with them(第二第二条条).第20页/共77页第21页/共7
14、7页 指解决某一个问题可能的方法,建议要切实可行,不能泛泛而谈,还要从多方面入手,不能只局限于某一方面,涉及面要广,特别是社会问题,要从政府、家庭、企业、个人等方面要采取相应的措施,措施要具体。常用的句型有:指解决某一个问题可能的方法,建议要切实可行,不能泛泛而谈,还要从多方面入手,不能只局限于某一方面,涉及面要广,特别是社会问题,要从政府、家庭、企业、个人等方面要采取相应的措施,措施要具体。常用的句型有:I suggest some possible solutions to.For one thing,.For another.对对我提出以下可能的解决办法。一方面,我提出以下可能的解决办法
15、。一方面,;另一方面;另一方面第22页/共77页 Some workable advice may be taken to.First of all,.In addition,another way contributing to success of solving the problem is.对对可采取一些切实可行的措施。首先,可采取一些切实可行的措施。首先,;另外,;另外,;能成功解决这个问题的方法还有;能成功解决这个问题的方法还有 Here are some suggestions on how to deal with.To begin with.,Moreover.,Finall
16、y.下面是对于如何处理下面是对于如何处理的方法。第一,的方法。第一,;此外;此外,最后,最后第23页/共77页 We should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.Firstly,.Secondly,.Finally,.我们应当采取一系列有我们应当采取一系列有效措施来处理这种情况。第一第效措施来处理这种情况。第一第;二;二;最后;最后第24页/共77页即时练习即时练习(2009惠州三模要点惠州三模要点2)人们应该如何避人们应该如何避免交通事故?免交通事故?名师点拨:名师点拨:写这个要点时,要从写这个要
17、点时,要从汽车司机、骑自行车的人、行人等方汽车司机、骑自行车的人、行人等方面来提出具体有效的办法。面来提出具体有效的办法。第25页/共77页 Some workable advice may be taken to avoid traffic accidents.First,everyone must obey the traffic rules and goes their own ways.Besides,drivers should keep their emotions under control and never drive after drinking.第26页/共77页Neve
18、r do they make phone calls when driving.Finally,everybody should keep the road signs beside the roads in mind and pedestrians must walk along the pavements.Only by everyones effort can the road accidents be reduced.第27页/共77页第28页/共77页 采用分说的方法,先谈谈相同之采用分说的方法,先谈谈相同之处,再谈其不同之处。常用的句型有:处,再谈其不同之处。常用的句型有:Ther
19、e are some similarities between.在在与与之间,有一之间,有一些相同之处。些相同之处。.while.而而 There are also some evident differences.也有一些明显不同的地也有一些明显不同的地方。方。第29页/共77页即时练习即时练习说说传统书本与电子书本的异同。说说传统书本与电子书本的异同。名师点拨:名师点拨:采用分说的方法,先说采用分说的方法,先说similarities,再说,再说differences。第30页/共77页(先说同先说同)There are some similarities between traditio
20、nal books and e-books.Both of them are good means of people conveying emotions and expressing opinions,from where readers can get information.第31页/共77页(转折转折)However,(对比说异对比说异)traditional books are heavy to carry but do less harm to eyes while e-books are more environmentally friendly with more infor
21、mation available.第32页/共77页第33页/共77页对于此类要点,先用一两句话把现象对于此类要点,先用一两句话把现象简要说说,再表明你是赞成还是反对,简要说说,再表明你是赞成还是反对,观点要明确,再简单说明理由。常用观点要明确,再简单说明理由。常用的句型有:的句型有:表示赞成的句型:表示赞成的句型:As far as I am concerned,I completely agree that.第34页/共77页 From my point of view,I am in favour of the idea that.I argue/speak in support of.
22、Personally speaking,I cant agree more with.第35页/共77页表示反对的句型:表示反对的句型:I strongly argue against the thought/idea that.I strongly disagree with.I dont think/believe that.I dont support sth./sb.第36页/共77页说明理由的句型:说明理由的句型:The main reason is.what is more,.Thirdly,.As a result,.mainly because.In addition,.For
23、 one thing.;and for another.,第37页/共77页即时练习即时练习(2009年高考要点年高考要点3)你认为是否应该禁止游客和动物拍照?你认为是否应该禁止游客和动物拍照?名师点拨:名师点拨:考生发表看法时,可有主张禁止和不禁止两种,要点要明确:一是支持考生发表看法时,可有主张禁止和不禁止两种,要点要明确:一是支持“禁止拍照禁止拍照”,因为拍照影响了动物的正常生活、给游客增加了被动物袭击的风险等;二是反对,因为拍照影响了动物的正常生活、给游客增加了被动物袭击的风险等;二是反对“禁止拍照禁止拍照”,因为拍照可以给游客带来乐趣、吸引游客增加动物园的收入等。,因为拍照可以给游客
24、带来乐趣、吸引游客增加动物园的收入等。第38页/共77页 可套用以下模板:可套用以下模板:(表明观点:支持或反对表明观点:支持或反对)From my point of view,.(说明理由说明理由)The main reason is that.(理由一理由一).Whats more,.(理由二理由二).As a result,(结论结论)第39页/共77页 (表明观点表明观点)From my point of view,photographing with animals should be stopped/banned.(说明理由说明理由)The main reason is that
25、visitors taking pictures with animals will influence their life,which makes them likely to hurt people(理由一理由一).第40页/共77页Whats more,as members of nature,people should live in harmony with animals,instead of annoying them(理由二理由二).As a result,we need to show our respect to them,which helps them enjoy a
26、 normal and relaxed life(结论结论).第41页/共77页第42页/共77页 正反或利弊类文章可以先总括,再分写好处和弊处正反或利弊类文章可以先总括,再分写好处和弊处,可以用可以用On the one hand.,On the other hand./In contrast.句型;或先写好处,再通过使用过渡手法句型;或先写好处,再通过使用过渡手法However或或Every coin has two sides等转向负面影响,再得出结论等转向负面影响,再得出结论(Its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages.或或Its dis
27、advantages far outweigh its advantages)。不要无谓地重复文章的中心,要用支持性的观点进行论述。常用的句式有:。不要无谓地重复文章的中心,要用支持性的观点进行论述。常用的句式有:第43页/共77页利弊对比:利弊对比:Evidently,.has both negative and positive effects.On the one hand,.On the other hand,.显然,显然,既有积极的影响又有消极的影响。既有积极的影响又有消极的影响。一方面一方面;另一方面;另一方面第44页/共77页 Generally speaking,there a
28、re several positive aspects as follows.Firstly,.Secondly.However,its disadvantages/weaknesses are also obvious.One of the disadvantages is that.To make matters worse,.一般说来,有如下几个积极的方面,第一一般说来,有如下几个积极的方面,第一第二第二。然后,其不利的一面也显而易见,其中一个不利因素是。然后,其不利的一面也显而易见,其中一个不利因素是;更糟糕的是;更糟糕的是第45页/共77页 Generally,its advanta
29、ges can be seen as follows.For one thing,.For another.But every coin has two sides.The disadvantages are also apparent.一般可以看出,这有如下优点,一来,二来。但是事物都是一分为二的,其缺点也是显然的。一般可以看出,这有如下优点,一来,二来。但是事物都是一分为二的,其缺点也是显然的。第46页/共77页得出结论:得出结论:Through the above analysis,I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the neg
30、ative ones.Therefore,I would like to.通过以上分析,利大于弊。因此,我想通过以上分析,利大于弊。因此,我想 From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of.we know that its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages.Therefore,we should.通过通过利弊分析,我们知道,其利远远大于弊,因此,利弊分析,我们知道,其利远远大于弊,因此,我们应该我们应该第47页/共77页即时练习即时练习(2009年中山市模拟
31、要点年中山市模拟要点2)压力的正面和负面的作用。压力的正面和负面的作用。名师点拨:名师点拨:采用先总后分,一分为二的方法来论述压力的正面和负面作用,最后再用一句话总结。采用先总后分,一分为二的方法来论述压力的正面和负面作用,最后再用一句话总结。第48页/共77页 (总述总述)Pressure has both advantages and disadvantages.(利利)On the one hand,a certain amount of pressure can encourage us,inspire us and promote us.(弊弊)On the other hand,t
32、oo much pressure will certainly do harm to us students,which may influence our health and study.第49页/共77页(总结总结)Therefore,we should try to bring the advantages of pressure into full play,and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.第50页/共77页第51页/共77页 把计划或方式、经过有条理地写出来,同时运用一些合适的表示先后或递进关
33、系的过渡词,如:把计划或方式、经过有条理地写出来,同时运用一些合适的表示先后或递进关系的过渡词,如:First,Next,Then,Finally./Firstly,secondly,finally等。等。即时练习即时练习 你如何安排你高三毕业的这个暑假?你如何安排你高三毕业的这个暑假?名师点拨:可从访友、娱乐、学习和旅游等方面来谈。名师点拨:可从访友、娱乐、学习和旅游等方面来谈。第52页/共77页 When the holiday comes,having a good rest and relaxing myself can not be overlooked.First,I will v
34、isit some friends I havent seen for months and share my joys and sorrows in high school with them.Then,if possible,a nice trip will be best.Finally,I should read some books to prepare myself for the coming university life.第53页/共77页第54页/共77页 此类题目通常是要求考生运用虚拟语气来写,把自己放在一个假设的情景中可能会做的事情,可以对现在、过去或将来的假设。此类题
35、目通常是要求考生运用虚拟语气来写,把自己放在一个假设的情景中可能会做的事情,可以对现在、过去或将来的假设。对现在情况的假设:对现在情况的假设:If I were.,I would/might do.In addition,.Were I.,I would/could do.Whats more,.第55页/共77页对将来情况的假设:对将来情况的假设:If I were to do/did/should do.,I would/might.Were I to do.,I could/should.对过去情况的假设:对过去情况的假设:If I had done.,I would have done
36、.Had I done.,I might/could have done.第56页/共77页即时练习即时练习(2009高考要点高考要点b)假如你处在那些动物的处境,你会有什么反应?假如你处在那些动物的处境,你会有什么反应?名师点拨:名师点拨:这是一个非真实的情景,因为你不是动物,写作时一定要用虚拟语气来写,可能的反应:这是一个非真实的情景,因为你不是动物,写作时一定要用虚拟语气来写,可能的反应:upset,unhappy,agitated,annoyed,irritated,disturbed,angry,excited,attack visitors or bite them,attempt
37、 to escape from the cage,stare at the visitors,show the teeth等等。等等。第57页/共77页 Were I the animals,I would certainly feel annoyed and disturbed by the endless zoovisitors who like to hug me and photograph with me.In addition,I would even show my teeth to scare the children.第58页/共77页When I were sometime
38、s held too tightly,I would attack or even bite the visitors.I should have some private space and time to relax myself.第59页/共77页第60页/共77页举例说明时,不宜长篇大论,可以选用一两个与主题吻合的例子,写完例子后要用一两句话重申主题。常用的句型有:举例说明时,不宜长篇大论,可以选用一两个与主题吻合的例子,写完例子后要用一两句话重申主题。常用的句型有:for instance,for example,such as 例如例如 take sb./sth.as an exa
39、mple,take sb./sth.for example以以为例为例(3)Onee example is.,another example is.一个例子是一个例子是另一个例子另一个例子第61页/共77页 A good case in point is.一个很好的例子是一个很好的例子是 Such examples might be given easily.很容易举出这样的例子很容易举出这样的例子 There are some examples in our daily life.在我们日常生活中就有这样的例子在我们日常生活中就有这样的例子第62页/共77页即时练习即时练习(2009年肇庆二
40、模要点年肇庆二模要点1)举例说明细节的重要性。举例说明细节的重要性。名师点拨:名师点拨:先用一句话来概述细节的重要性,再举两个例子进一步说明,最后再用一句话点题。先用一句话来概述细节的重要性,再举两个例子进一步说明,最后再用一句话点题。第63页/共77页(概述概述)It is the little things in daily life that count.The same thing happens in our society.(例证一例证一)One example is the“Wenchuan Earthquake”.Everyone in China lent a hand to
41、 the victims,which made them undergo the hardship.第64页/共77页(例证二例证二)Another example is that the great success of the 2008 Beijing Olympics depends on the efforts of each participant doing the socalled“details”or little things.(点题点题)In one word,little things or details is of great importance.第65页/共77页
42、第66页/共77页 套用句型套用句型 1.Different people hold different views on the question.Some believe that.Others argue that.Still others maintain that.在这个问题上不同的人在这个问题上不同的人持有不同的观点。有些人相信持有不同的观点。有些人相信其他其他人辩驳说人辩驳说还有其他人坚持认为还有其他人坚持认为第67页/共77页2.They are quite different from each other in their opinions.他们的他们的观点大相径庭。观点大
43、相径庭。3.Opinions vary from individual to individual,from culture to culture.不同的个体、不同的文化都有不同的不同的个体、不同的文化都有不同的观点。观点。第68页/共77页4.The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills,which may put them in a favorable position in
44、 the future job markets.大部分学生认为,打零工能为人际交大部分学生认为,打零工能为人际交往能力发展提供更多的机会,而这将往能力发展提供更多的机会,而这将会使他们在今后的就业市场处于有利会使他们在今后的就业市场处于有利的位置。的位置。第69页/共77页即时练习即时练习人数人数幸福观幸福观原因原因32%财富财富可以买到任何事物可以买到任何事物45%健康健康享乐享乐23%知识知识有好的未来有好的未来第70页/共77页写作内容写作内容1.此次调查的对象和内容;此次调查的对象和内容;2.所调查学生的不同观点及理由;所调查学生的不同观点及理由;3.你的认识。你的认识。第71页/共7
45、7页写作要求写作要求1.必须使用必须使用5个句子介绍全部所给个句子介绍全部所给的内容;的内容;2.可适当增加情节,使表达连贯。可适当增加情节,使表达连贯。第72页/共77页 The Students Union made a survey about what is happiness among 100 students of our school.32%of the surveyed students think wealth is happiness because they think they can buy anything if they have much wealth.On
46、the other hand,45%of them think that they should be in good health so that they can enjoy whatever they like.第73页/共77页Whats more,the rest 23%students believe that a man with much knowledge,which will bring him a bright future,is the happiest.From the survey I know different people value happiness di
47、fferently and as for me,my happiness exists in my study.第74页/共77页3.(Last week our class had a discussion about whether senior students can date.)There are two different viewpoints on this matter.Half of the students think they should not date because dating will certainly influence their study.Besides,they are dependent on their parents and they lack the ability to cope with troubles.However,the rest of them think that they should be allowed to date because dating can help them to understand the opposite sex better and enrich their experiences.第75页/共77页第76页/共77页感谢您的观看。感谢您的观看。第77页/共77页