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1、1什么是非谓语动词啊？“非谓语非谓语”,就是不是谓语的动词呗!那不是谓语是什么呢？。第1页/共56页1.谓语动词：概述：概述：2.非谓语词：非谓语词：在句子中担任谓语的动词是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分(通俗地说，就是不能作谓语的动词变形）有时态，语态的变化有时态，语态的变化第2页/共56页to+dov-ingv-ed非非谓谓语语动动词词第3页/共56页判别用谓语动词或非谓语动词判别用谓语动词或非谓语动词1._thedogcameover,ourfriendranaway.(see)1._fromthetopofahill,andyoullfindthecitymorebea
2、utiful.(see)2._you_thecityfromthetopofahill,youllfinditmorebeautiful.(see)4._moreclearly,theycameupandgotclosetoit.5._fromthetopofahill,ourhouselookslikeacar.SeeingSeeIfseeTosee根据句子结构判断是非谓语动词还是谓语动词根据句子结构判断是非谓语动词还是谓语动词一个句子（包括主句和从句）通常有一个谓语动词（一个句子（包括主句和从句）通常有一个谓语动词（and可以并列连接两个谓语动词），分析句子可以并列连接两个谓语动词），分析
3、句子:如果句子中如果句子中没有谓语动词没有谓语动词，填上谓语动词（，填上谓语动词（注意时态和语注意时态和语态态），），如果句子中如果句子中已经有谓语动词已经有谓语动词，则考虑用非谓语动词（注意，则考虑用非谓语动词（注意判别是动词不定式、现在分词、动名词还是过去分词）判别是动词不定式、现在分词、动名词还是过去分词）Seen第6页/共56页非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件一个句子一个句子当中，当中，已经存在一个已经存在一个主句主句（谓语动词）（谓语动词）,又没有又没有连词连词的情况下的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。还有别的动词出现时。由此可见，由此可见，连词连词在决定句子结构以及谓语动词和非谓语
4、在决定句子结构以及谓语动词和非谓语动词的使用中起着关键的作用。动词的使用中起着关键的作用。1.Themantookoutthekey,_(open)thedoorandenteredtheroom.2.Themansatthere,_(read)abook.3._(work)hard,andyouwillsucceed.4.Thequestion_(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofgreatimportance.5._(improve)hisspokenEnglish,Mr.ZhanggoestotheEnglishcornereverySaturday.op
5、enedreadingWorkdiscussedToimprove第7页/共56页Wow,youdidaverygoodjob!第8页/共56页Part1To-infinitive第9页/共56页动词不定式（动词不定式（TheInfinitive）一.动词不定式的基本构成：由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成肯定式：todosth否定式：nottodosth.主动式主动式被动式被动式一般式一般式todotobedone完成式完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式进行式tobedoing第10页/共56页不定式时态的用法不定式时态的用法1.1.不定式
6、的动作与谓语动词不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时同时发生时，或，或之后之后发生发生用一般式用一般式1)Hewanted1)Hewanted_(see)you.(see)you.2)Ihope2)Ihope_(see)youagain.2.2.强调不定式的动作强调不定式的动作正在进行时正在进行时，用进行式，用进行式WhenIcamein,hepretendedWhenIcamein,hepretended(read)abook.abook.HeissaidtoHeissaidto_(write)anovelnowanovelnow.3.3.强调强调 不定式的动作不定式的动作在谓语动词之前在谓语动
7、词之前发生时，发生时，用不定式完成式用不定式完成式HeissaidHeissaid_(write)anovellastyear.anovellastyear.toseetoseetobereadingtohavewrittenbewritingbewriting第11页/共56页 不定式被动形式的用法不定式被动形式的用法 当不定式的当不定式的逻辑主语逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的是不定式所表示的动作的承受者承受者时（即时（即逻辑主语与不定式动作为动宾关系时），用被动语态逻辑主语与不定式动作为动宾关系时），用被动语态 It is an honor for me It is an honor fo
8、r me to be asked to be asked to speak here.to speak here.The book is said _(translate)The book is said _(translate)into English.into English.Mr.Smith is going to attend the meeting Mr.Smith is going to attend the meeting _(hold)tomorrow._(hold)tomorrow.I am very pleased _(give)this I am very pleased
9、 _(give)this opportunity.opportunity.She asked _(send)to work in Tibet.She asked _(send)to work in Tibet.No one likes _(laugh)at.No one likes _(laugh)at.totobebesentsenttohavebeentranslatedtohavebeentranslatedtobeheld她要求被派往西藏工作她要求被派往西藏工作tohavebeengiventobelaughed第12页/共56页非谓语动词做主语的区别第13页/共56页不定式、动名词用
10、作主语1 1。直接作主语。直接作主语（1 1）眼见为实）眼见为实（2 2）今天早晨做早操对身体）今天早晨做早操对身体 无益无益（3 3）在这里吸烟很危险）在这里吸烟很危险1.To see is to believe1.To see is to believe2.To do morning exercises today 2.To do morning exercises today is not good for health.is not good for health.3.To smoke here is dangerous3.To smoke here is dangerous（1 1）
11、眼见为实。）眼见为实。（2 2）天天做早操有益于健康。）天天做早操有益于健康。（3 3）吸烟不是好习惯。）吸烟不是好习惯。1.Seeing is believing.1.Seeing is believing.2.Doing morning exercises every day 2.Doing morning exercises every day is good for healthis good for health3.Smoking is not a good habit3.Smoking is not a good habit不定式与动名词作主语的区别：不定式不定式todotodo作
12、主语时表示作主语时表示具体某一次的具体某一次的动作，而动名动作，而动名词词v-ingv-ing作主语时表示作主语时表示经常的反复发生的经常的反复发生的动作动作第14页/共56页句型2：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品质的是形容人的品质的）（是形容事物的性质的是形容事物的性质的）Itiseasy_metofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisverykind_youtogivemesomehelp.Itsimpolite_youtospeaktotheteacher
13、likethat.Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.不定式做主语常用it做形式主语，特殊句型有：forofof句型1：It+takessb+sometime+todoIttakesusanhour_gettherebybus.to第15页/共56页动名词作主语动名词作主语用用it it作形式主语，有自己特定的句型作形式主语，有自己特定的句型（1）为打翻的牛奶哭泣是没用的（2）在太阳底下读书是没有好处的。（3）玩电脑游戏是浪费时间的（4）学好英语是值得做的4.Its worthwhil
14、e learning English well.用用it it作形式主语，常与作形式主语，常与nouse,nogood,useless,worthwhilenouse,nogood,useless,worthwhile连用连用1.Its no use crying over the spilt milk2.Its no good reading in the sun3.Its a waste of time playing computer games.第16页/共56页小结：动名词与不等式作主语时的区别一、对称原则一、对称原则二、特殊表达二、特殊表达三、固定句型三、固定句型四、习惯用法四、习
15、惯用法主语和表语对称动名词表示动名词表示经常性、反复发生经常性、反复发生的动作的动作不等式表示不等式表示具体的、某一次具体的、某一次的动作的动作It takes sb some time to do sthIts no use/no good/useless/worthwhile +Its no use/no good/useless/worthwhile +doing doing Its kind/wise/clever of sb to do sthIts kind/wise/clever of sb to do sthIts important/necessary/hard for sb
16、 to Its important/necessary/hard for sb to do sthdo sth第17页/共56页非谓语动词做表语的区别第18页/共56页1.他的爱好是听音乐。他的爱好是听音乐。2.我的工作是教英语我的工作是教英语。1.His hobby is listening to music.2.My job is teaching English.1.我的目标是提高你们的英语。2.他的梦想是进入一所著名大学。1.My goal is to improve your English.1.My goal is to improve your English.2.His dre
17、am is to enter a key university.2.His dream is to enter a key university.动名词与不定式作表语的区别：动名词动名词v-ingv-ing作表语时表示作表语时表示日常反复发生的日常反复发生的动作动作，而，而不不定式定式todotodo作表语时表示作表语时表示将要去做的将要去做的动作。动作。第19页/共56页注意：注意：当句子的主语是当句子的主语是aim,goal,hope,wish,purpose,plan,ambition等等为中心的名词时，后面可以用不定式为中心的名词时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明做表语，用以说明将来
18、的动作将来的动作。最重要的事情是采取措施阻止污染The most important thing is _(take)measures to prevent the pollution.totake注注:作表语的不定式都带作表语的不定式都带to,但当主语部分有但当主语部分有实义动词实义动词do时时,to可以省略可以省略。Nowtheonlythingwecandoiswait.第20页/共56页非谓语动词做宾语的区别看创新设计P138-139第21页/共56页Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminterestingIfind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithh
19、im注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。句型：S+find/think/feel/make/consider/believe.+it+adj/n+todosth.翻译：1.我们认为早点开始是有必要的。2.我觉得保护环境是我们的责任。3.我认为遵守法律是重要的。1.Wethoughtitnecessarytostartearly.2.Ifeelitourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.3.Wethinkitimportanttoobeythelaw.注意：注意：it作形式宾语作形式宾语第22页/共56页非
20、谓语动词做定语的区别第23页/共56页1.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentsomeoldmaps_fromthelibrary.A.toborrowB.tobeborrowedC.borrowedD.borrowing.2.Thebottle_vinegarshouldbesenttothelaboratory.A.tocontainB.tobecontainedC.containedD.containing.3.Hetoldmethathehadacomposition_.A.towriteB.tobewrittenC.writtenD.writing.非谓语动词作定语时，
21、原则是：非谓语动词作定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生用不定式，表示动作尚未发生;用用-ing-ing，表示动作正在进行，表示动作正在进行;用过去分词用过去分词v-edv-ed，表示动作被动、完成。，表示动作被动、完成。第24页/共56页主动式主动式被动式被动式一般式一般式todotobedone进行式进行式doingbeingdone完成式完成式done非谓语动词做定语的所有形式主动或进行主动或进行将要做将要做将要被做将要被做正在被做正在被做被动或完成被动或完成1.Themeeting_(hold)lastweekwasimportant.2.Themeeting_(hold)now
22、isimportant.3.Themeeting_(hold)nextweekisimportant.4.Doyouknowtheman_(speak)atthemeeting?5.Doyouknowtheman_(praise)atthemeeting?第25页/共56页6.There was an old temple _(stand)at the top of the hill.7.There is a sports meeting _(hold)next Tuesday.8.There was an old man _(live)in the village.第26页/共56页做定语的
23、其它注意事项说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。areadingroom=aroomforreading阅览室阅览室runningshoes=shoesforrunning跑鞋跑鞋ateachingmethod=amethodforteaching教学方法教学方法必背必背adrawingboard画板画板asewingmachine缝纫机缝纫机aswimmingpool游泳池游泳池awaitingroom候车室候车室adiningcar餐车餐车adrivingpermit驾驶许可证驾驶许可证asingingcompetition歌咏比赛歌咏比赛awalkingstick手杖
24、手杖停车场建筑材料舞厅游泳池计算器第27页/共56页a_dog狂吠的狗a_baby熟睡的婴儿_sight逐渐衰退的视力the_sun落日the_week下一周约定的时间被穿破的鞋子被虐待的动物barkingsleepingfailingsettingcomingtheappointedtimetheworn-outshoestheabusedanimal 2.v-ing表主动，表主动，v-ed表被动表被动第28页/共56页3.ed形式和形式和ing形式作定语的区别形式作定语的区别动词-ed形式作定语表示动作已完成，而动词-ing形式作定语表示动词正在进行。therisensun升起了的太阳th
25、erisingsun正在升起的太阳boiledwater开水boilingwater正沸腾的水fallenleaves落叶fallingleaves正在飘落的叶子developedcountries发达国家developingcountries发展中国家第29页/共56页4.不定式做定语的特殊规则不定式做定语的特殊规则1.不定式与所修饰词的有不定式与所修饰词的有同位同位关系，即不定式短语说明关系，即不定式短语说明前面名词的内容。前面名词的内容。这样的名词常用的有：这样的名词常用的有：way,ability,chance，opportunity，reason，need，right，等。，等。1)
26、.Theyhavenowanopportunity_abroadtostudyfurther.2).Thefarmersthoughtofways_(protect)theircrops.togotoprotect2.不定式修饰的名词前有theonly，thelast，thenext，序数词(first,second,.)或形容词最高级形容时，常用不定式作后置定语Sheisthebestwomantodothejob.第30页/共56页3.不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系 Do you have anything to wash today?Do you have anything to be
27、washed today?(区别主被动）比较：havesomeclothestowashhavesomeclothestobewashed自己洗自己洗别人洗别人洗1)Mr.Smith，Ihavesomequestions_(ask).2)Pleasegivemesomebooks_(read).3)Imgoingtothepostoffice;doyouhaveanything_(send)？toasktoreadtobesent第31页/共56页Practice:1.Ihavealargehouseto_.(live)2.Pleasegivemesomepaperto_.(write)3.C
28、anyougivemeachairto_?(sit)4.Heislookingforaroom_(live).5.Pleasegivemeaknife_(cut).6.Theresnothingto_.(worry)7.Hehasapento_.(write)8.Thereare5pairsofshoesto_.(choose)liveinwriteonsiton注意注意:如果不定式部分的动词是不及物动词如果不定式部分的动词是不及物动词,且且与被修饰的名词是动宾关系时与被修饰的名词是动宾关系时,则需带上相应的则需带上相应的介词介词to live intocutwithworryaboutwri
29、tewithchoosefrom第32页/共56页非谓语动词做宾补的区别看创新设计P139第34页/共56页advise,allow,askadvise,allow,askbeg,causebeg,cause（促使）,expect,encourage,expect,encourage,forceforce，forbidforbidget,help,invite,order,get,help,invite,order,promise,permit,persuadepromise,permit,persuaderequest,require,remindrequest,require,remind
30、，tell,teachtell,teachwish,wish,want,warnwant,warnsb.todosb.todoVerb+sb/sth+to do sth第35页/共56页seeseewatchwatchlookatlookatnoticenoticeobserveobservehearhearlistentolistentofeelfeel+sb/sthsb/sth+dododoingdoingdonedonemakeletmakelethavehaveVerb+sb/sth+to do sth吾看三室两厅一感觉吾看三室两厅一感觉第36页/共56页Ioftenhearthems
31、ingthissong.Didyounoticeanyonecomein?Iwouldhavehimwaitformeforalongtime.注意：当这类动词转为被动语态时，其后的不定式则要加上“to”如：Heisoftenheard_thesongHewasseen_theroom.tosingtoenter理解：Isawsomeonecomein.Isawsomeonecomingin.我看到有人进来了。（已进来）我看到有人正往里来（正在走）第37页/共56页sb.beseenwatchedlookedatheardlistenedtofeltnoticed+todomadelet第38
32、页/共56页理解：1.I saw someone come in.2.I saw someone coming in.3.He had his horse _(jump)over the fence.4.The lady was watched _(leave)her room silence.5.He made the boy _(clean)room.6.Did you notice anyone _(enter)my room?7.Though he had often made his little sister_(cry),today he was made _(cry)by his
33、 little sister.8.Lastnightthegirlswereheard_(sing)intheclassroom.9.Thelocalpeopleweremade_(leave).10.Somechildrenwereobserved_(pick)theflowers.我看到有人进来了。（已进来）我看到有人正往里来（正在走）jumptoleavecleanentercrytocrytosingtoleavetopickup第39页/共56页1.让，使让，使havesb.dosth.=get让某人做某事让某人做某事havesth.done让某事被做让某事被做例：例：Ihavehi
34、m_(repair)mywatch.=Ihavemywatch_(repair).havesb./sth.doing让某人或某事一直进行某动作或保持某状态让某人或某事一直进行某动作或保持某状态例：例：Ihadmycarwaitingoutside.Iwonthaveyousmoking.比较比较have的用法的用法repairrepairedIhadhim_(repair)mybike.=Igothim_(repair)mybike.2.Itistoocold,sowehavethefire_（burn)allnightlong.3.Shehasameeting_.(attend)4.Heha
35、dme_(wait)foralongtime.repairtorepairburningwaitingtoattendsb.todosth.2.有有havesth.todo有某事要做有某事要做第40页/共56页非谓语动词做状语的区别第41页/共56页1).目的状语:可放于句首,也可放于句末,前面可加inorder/soas/soasto表强调.Hewenttoseetheartisthimself.Hestoppedtohavealook.Heransofastastogettoschoolintime2).结果状语:主要用在enoughto/tooto/onlyto结构中。Thequesti
36、onistoodifficulttoanswer.Theyworkedhardenoughtofinishtheirwork.3).原因状语:主语+系动词+adj.+todo表感情的adj.有:happy,surprised,pleased,glad,sorry,anxious(忧虑),disappointed,careful,afraid,wrong.Imverysorrytoseeyou.Hewasafraidtoleavehimhome不定式作状语的三种形式第42页/共56页Part2Bareinfinitive第44页/共56页不定式在一些动词后作宾语补足语时,不定式省略to.但这种句
37、子如果变为被动结构,to要补上.省略现象小结省略现象小结1五看五看 watch see look at observe notice常见动词有常见动词有:三使三使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉:feel动词用法很多,要努力记哟!半帮助：半帮助：help第45页/共56页“前有前有do,后无后无to;前无前无do,后有后有to”.1.1.不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but,except,besidesbut,except,besides后时后时,如果这些介词前有如果这些介词前有行为动词行为动词dodo的各种形式的各种形式,那么那么介词后的不定式不
38、带介词后的不定式不带to,to,相反则带相反则带to.to.2.不定式在系动词不定式在系动词后作表语时后作表语时,当主语部分有行当主语部分有行为动词为动词do,作表语的不定式作表语的不定式to可省略。可省略。Practice:(1).Shecoulddonothingbut_(cry).Shecouldsaynothingbut_(cry)Ihavenochoicebut_(cry)(2).WhatIwanttodonowis_(find)somebookstoread.省略现象小结省略现象小结2crytocry(to)findtocry第46页/共56页在固定词组和 句型中省略toto省略现
39、象小结省略现象小结3Practice:Youdbetternot_(do)it.Theywouldrather_(try)andfailthan_(giveup)theplan.常见的固定搭配有常见的固定搭配有:1.hadbetterdo/hadbetternotdo2.wouldratherdosth.thandosth.prefertodosthratherthandosth3.cannotbutdosth./canthelpbutdosth不得不不得不-cantchoosebutdosth只得只得4.whynotdosth?表建议表建议dotrygiveup比较：比较：canthelpd
40、oingsthcanthelptodosth第47页/共56页在在and,or,than,rather thanand,or,than,rather than等词连接两个等词连接两个不定式并列在一起时不定式并列在一起时,第二个不定式的第二个不定式的 to to 可以可以省略省略省略现象小结省略现象小结41.Ipromisetofinishmyhomeworkandhanditontime.2.Doyouwanttogoshoppingorwatchafilm.3.Idecidedtowriteratherthanphone.注：当两个不定式表对比意义或加强语气，注：当两个不定式表对比意义或加强
41、语气，第二个第二个to不省为好。不省为好。Itiseasiertosaythantodo.Togooutortostayhomeisuptoyou.第48页/共56页1.Yesterday I did nothing but _(watch)TV.2.He wanted nothing but _(enjoy)himself at the moment.3.At last the enemy soldiers had no choice but _(lay)down their guns.4.We can not choose but _(hear).5.Bod did nothing exc
42、ept _(play)tennis.6.We had nothing to do except _(fight)against the pollution.7.It had no effect except _(make)him angry.watchtoenjoytolayhearplayfighttomake另：nothingbut仅仅，只不过,只有Iwantnothingbutthebestformychildren.Yourenothingbutathief.我只是想给我的孩子们最好的。你只不过是个小偷。第49页/共56页非谓语动词讲解动词不定式省略动词不定式省略to词组词组hadbe
43、tter,wouldrather,hadrather,ratherthan,cant(help)but,mightaswell（不妨）（不妨）Letsfinishtheworktodayratherthan_(leave)itofftilltomorrow.句型句型WhynotWhynotjoinus?在介词在介词but,except,besides前面的结构中，有行为动词前面的结构中，有行为动词do,choose(do/choosebutdosth.其它动词其它动词buttodosth.)Ididnothingbut_(wait)foryou.Thereseemednothingelseto
44、dobut_(wait)foryou.Icouldntchoosebut_(wait).Ihadnochoicebut_(wait)foryou.waitwaitto waitwaitleave第50页/共56页注意作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去词不定式常常省去to后面后面的动词，只的动词，只保保留留to。A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).B:Yes,Idloveto(cometoyourparty).Mary想用
45、我的自行车，但我叫她别用。想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。第51页/共56页 模拟训练模拟训练：1.Myteacherwasmade_histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.A.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.-IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain-Whynot_therebyboatforachange?A.totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogo第52页/共56页3.Theteacheraskedus_somuchnoise.A.dontmakeB.notmakeC.no
46、tmakingD.nottomake4.-Thelightintheofficeisstillon.-Oh,Iforgot.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.havingturneditoffD.toturnitoff5.Shecanthelp_thehousebecauseshesbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned6.Noteverybodyhastheabilityinpublic.A.ofspeakB.speakingC.spokenD.tospeak7.Mary is always t
47、he first student to answer theteachersquestionsinclass.A.risingB.toriseC.roseD.risen第53页/共56页8.Mum,whydoyoualwaysaskmetoeataneggeveryday?-_enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegetting9.Wetumbrellasarenotallowedintothishotelaccordingtotherule.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.takenD.taking10.Thepatientwaswarned_oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating第54页/共56页Thanksalot!第55页/共56页感谢您的观看！第56页/共56页