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1、非谓语动词过去分词 v-ed不定式to do动名词现在分词分 词-ing 形式动名词-ing现在分词v-ing第1页/共84页动词不定式的使用To do like that is foolish.I want to see you I am to visit youHe has lots of work to do.I study hard to improve English.The teacher ask me to answer the question.主语 宾语表语 定语 状语 宾补第2页/共84页1.主语swimming is my hobby.2.宾语I like swimmin
2、g.3.表语My hobby is swimming.4.定语I want to buy a swimming suit.动名词可以以下成分:第3页/共84页1.表语The music is moving.2.定语I dont like the people talking loudly in public.3.宾补We heard her singing in her room.4.状语Reading a newspaper,She sat at the table.现在分词可以以下成分:第4页/共84页1.表语The teacher is moved.2.定语I dont like the
3、 man talked about at the party.3.宾补We heard a song sung in her room.4.状语Lost in a newspaper,She didnt notice me.过去分词可以以下成分:第5页/共84页非谓语动词的句法功能主语主语宾语宾语表语表语宾补宾补定语定语状语状语不不定定式式动动名名词词分分词词主语宾语表语宾补定语状语主语宾语表语定语表语宾补定语状语第6页/共84页非谓语动词，不是做谓语的动词。当句中已经有了谓语动词，并且句中没有连词时，需要用非谓语动词了。The girl is Mary.If I am given more
4、time,I ll catch up with you.The girl dancing in the hall is Mary.Given more time,Ill catch up with you.主语系(谓语)表语非谓语动词（定）非谓语动词（状语）连词主语谓语宾谓语Analyze the sentence：划分句子结构第7页/共84页观察下列例句,找出非谓语动词,并且判断做什么成分.()1.Askedwhyhedidit,hesaiditwashisduty.2.Beingill,hedidntgotoschool.()3.Workinghard,youwilldowellinyou
5、rexams.()4.Hisparentsdiedinthewar,leavinghimanorphan()5.Theywentintotheroom,laughingandtalking.()6.TomakemuchprogressinEnglish,hestudieshard.()第8页/共84页观察下列例句,找出非谓语动词,并且判断做什么成分.()1.Askedwhyhedidit,hesaiditwashisduty.2.Beingill,hedidntgotoschool.()3.Workinghard,youwilldowellinyourexams.()4.Hisparentsd
6、iedinthewar,leavinghimanorphan.()5.Theywentintotheroom,laughingandtalking.()6.TomakemuchprogressinEnglish,hestudieshard.()第9页/共84页观察下列例句,找出非谓语动词,并且判断做什么成分()1.Askedwhyhedidit,hesaiditwashisduty.2.Beingill,hedidntgotoschool.()3.Workinghard,youwilldowellinyourexams.()4.Hisparentsdiedinthewar,leavinghim
7、anorphan()5.Theywentintotheroom,laughingandtalking.()6.TomakemuchprogressinEnglish,hestudieshard.()原因状语条件状语结果状语伴随状语目的状语 时间状语 第10页/共84页一.非谓语动词做状语的形式：doing/havingdonedone/beingdone/havingbeendonetodo/tobedone二.做题方法：析句子结构，找逻辑主语，辩逻辑关系，判动词先后三.高考易混点第11页/共84页1)分词作状语形式形式意义意义doinghaving donedonebeing donehav
8、ing been done主动，与主句谓语动词同时或基本同时发生主动，先于谓语动词发生被动被动，正在进行，一般作原因状语放句首被动，先于谓语动词发生第12页/共84页2)不定式做状语 形式形式 意义意义To do 主动，将来主动，将来To be doneTo be doingTo have doneTo have been done 被动，被动，将来将来主动，主动，正在正在主动，完成主动，完成被动，完成被动，完成第13页/共84页1.Seeing from the space,the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.2.The lawyer
9、listened with full attention,trying not to miss any point.3.Not having received a reply,he decided to write again.4.Having waited in the queue for half of an hour,the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.一.doing/having done 做状语 主语与非谓语动词为主动关系，having done 强调动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。After t
10、he old man _ in the queuefor half an hour,he suddenly realized he hadhad waited第14页/共84页1.Seen from the top of the mountain,the city looks beautiful.2.Compared with those who lived in the slums,Children here are really lucky.3.Having been separated from other continents for millions of years，Austral
11、ia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world.4.Having been shown around the Water Cube,we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.5.Beingrepaired,theaccesstothemuseumislocked.二.done/being done/having been done 做状语 主语与非谓语动词之间为被动关系；having been d
12、one 发生在主句谓语动词之前第15页/共84页1.Not to fail the examination,all the students are studying hard.2.He hurried to the station,only to be told that the train had left.3.He hurried to the booking office only to find that all the tickets had been sold out.4.I feel greatly honored to be welcomed into their socie
13、ty.三.to do 做目的，原因，结果状语 to be done 是被动结构目的状语结果状语结果状语原因状语第16页/共84页表目的表 原 因表 结 果不定式作状语第17页/共84页2)不定式做状语 形式形式 意义意义To do 主动，将来主动，将来To be doneTo be doingTo have doneTo have been done 被动，被动，将来将来主动，主动，正在正在主动，完成主动，完成被动，完成被动，完成第18页/共84页I study hard _ the people well.to serveTo serve the people well,I study ha
14、rd.(置于句首加强语气)In order to serve the people well,I study hard.(更加强语气)I study hard so as to serve the people well.(不可用于句首)表目的第19页/共84页He is lucky _ here on time.to getI am happy _ you again.Li Ming seemed willing _ that.I am sorry _ that.to seeto doto hear(作原因状语时常修饰表感情的形容词,表示产生这种感情的原因.)表 原 因第20页/共84页I
15、hurried to get there only to find him out.He hurried to the station,only to be told the bus had left.1）(only to do 表示意料之外的结果)2）too.to/enough to/so as to表 结 果His family was too poor to support him He is old enough to go to school.The house is so high and narrow as to resemble a tower.这房子又高又窄，像一座塔 第21
16、页/共84页不定式做状语时应该注意：1not/nevertootodo,toonottodo,but/onlytootodo,tooreadytodo,tooeagertodo表示肯定意义。Heistoocarefulnottohavenoticedthat.他那么小心,肯定会注意到那一点的。Sheistoosadnottohelpcrying.她那么伤心，忍不住哭了。Iamonlytoogladtohelpyou.我很高兴能帮助你。Iamonlynevertoogladtoknowyou.认识你我再高兴不过了。Marywasonlytooreadytohelpothers.玛丽总是乐于助人.
17、Youcannotbetoocarefulwhenyoudrivecar.你开车时无论怎么小心都不过分。第22页/共84页1)分词作状语形式形式意义意义doinghaving donedonebeing donehaving been done主动，与主句谓语动词同时或基本同时发生主动，先于谓语动词发生被动被动，正在进行，一般作原因状语放句首被动，先于谓语动词发生第23页/共84页1.表时间2.表原因4.表方式,伴随5.表结果现在分词做状语3.表让步第24页/共84页1.表时间2.表原因4.表伴随5.表结果过去分词做状语3.表条件、让步第25页/共84页A.作时间状语：When they he
18、ard the bad news，they couldnt help crying.=_(hear)the bad news,they couldnt help crying.When we were taken around the city,we were deeply impressed by the citys new look.When _ around the city,we were deeply impressed by the citys new look.After he finished his work,he went home._ his work,he went h
19、ome.Hearing taken Having finished第26页/共84页B.作原因状语：Because he was poor,he could not afford to travel abroad.=_(be poor),he could not afford to travel abroad._(encourage)by his heroic deeds,they worked harder._(lose)in thought,he almost ran into a post._(frighten)by the big forest fire,the animals all
20、 ran away._(not know)her address,we couldnt get in touch with her.Being poorEncouragedLostFrightenedNot knowing第27页/共84页Because I hadnt received his letter,I decided to call him up.=_(not receive)his letter,I decided to call him up._(never be)to the city,he soon got lost.Not having receivedHaving ne
21、ver been第28页/共84页C.方式/伴随状语:She watched the film,_(weep)and _(sigh).The teacher stood there,_(surround)by a lot of students.D.作条件状语：If I were given another chance,I would have done the job far better.=_ another chance,I would have done the job far better.(If)_(play)all day,you will waste your valuabl
22、e time.weepingsighingsurroundedGivenPlaying第29页/共84页E.作结果状语：(意料中的结果)The hunters fired,_(shoot)one of the wolves.The bus was held up by the snowstorm,thus _(cause)the delay.区别:不定式表示意外的结果 He hurried to the station,only _(find)the train had left.F.作让步状语：Though it heavily rained heavily,it cleared up ve
23、ry soon.=_,it cleared up very soon.Though _(tell)of the danger,he still risked his life to save the boy.shootingcausingto findRaining heavilytold第30页/共84页分词作状语时,需注意:A.分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语通常应是_ _(see)from the hill,the city is beautiful._(see)from the hill,you can see the whole city.B.分词短语的位置:一般来说,时间,原因,条件
24、,让步等分词短语多放在句首;而表结果,伴随的分词短语放在句尾.Finding the door locked,Tom went home.(_)Tom went home,finding the door locked.（_）主句的主语SeenSeeing原因结果第31页/共84页二.非谓语动词做状语的解题方法第32页/共84页（一）析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”1._many times,but he still couldnt understand it.2._many times,he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.B
25、eing told C.He had been told D.Though he was toldCA注意连词第33页/共84页非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。（二）找逻辑主语1.They went into the room,laughing and talking.2.Given more time,I can do better.一般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的_.主语 第34页/共84页1._ from the top,the stadium looks like a bird nest.A.Seeing B.Seen2._
26、from the space,the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.A.Seeing B.Seenthe stadiumthe astronautSeenSeeing第35页/共84页1._ different cultures,we often pay attention to the differences without noticing the mainly similarities.2._ with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at
27、 all.A.Compared B.Comparing C.To compareComparingwethe biggest oceanWe compare the biggest ocean with/to the size of the whole ocean.=The biggest ocean is compared with/to the size of the whole earth.（三）辨逻辑关系即判断主被动Compared第36页/共84页（四）判动词先后 1._ the old man,the young people started walking slowly.A.Fo
28、llowed B.Following C.To follow D.Having followed2._ the fruit,the girl became pregnant and gave a birth to a handsome boy.A.Having swallowed B.Swallowing C.To swallowFollowing Having swallowed第37页/共84页C1._ yourself to sunlight for too much time,you will get your skin sun-burnt._ to sunlight for too
29、much time,your skin will be harmed.A.ExposedB.Having exposed C.ExposingD.After being exposed2._ such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.A.Having sufferedB.Suffering C.To suffer D.SufferedAATest yourself第38页/共84页3.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetocha
30、ngeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun4.Findinghercarstolen,_.A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchingthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp5.Theideaforthenewplancametohismind,_tohisexperimentinthelab.AwhiledevotingB.whiledevotinghimselfCwhilehewasdevotedD.
31、whiledevotedDDC第39页/共84页形成性检测1.改写下列句子,其划线部分应改为分词短语(C级)1.Look round when you cross the street.2.When she heard the news,she burst into laughter.3.As she was still rather weak,she could not stay up for too long.4.Gentlemen always shake hands when they are introduced to each other.5.A cold rain was fal
32、ling.It was mixed with snow.when crossing the streetWhen hearing the newsBeing rather weakwhen introduced to each other,mixed with snow第40页/共84页6.While we were walking in the street,we met some friends of ours.7.The old man walked slowly.He was supported by his little grandson.8.The ground which is
33、covered with white snow looks very beautiful.9.There is a tall tree which covers the entrance to the cave.10.The worker wrote to the police and disclosed who stole the money.coveringdisclosing第41页/共84页第42页/共84页As soon as they heard the bad news,they couldnt help crying.Hearing the bad news,they coul
34、dnt help cryingOn hearing the bad news,they couldnt help crying.(doing 动作一发生,主句动作立即发生)1.表时间第43页/共84页While she was playing the piano,she got very excited.While playing the piano,she got very excited.(doing 动作进行中,主句动作发生了.这时when 或 while一般要加上。)1.表时间第44页/共84页Having turned off the radio,he began to go ove
35、r his lessons.After turning off the radio,he began to go over his lessons.After he had turned off the radio,he began to go over his lessons.(doing动作完成后,主句动作才发生.)1.表时间第45页/共84页As he forgot his manners,he put his feet up on the desk.Forgetting his manners,he put his feet up on the desk.Being so angry,
36、he couldnt go to sleep.(doing动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生.)Because he was so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.2.表原因第46页/共84页Because/As he had been to the Great Wall many times,he didnt go last week.Having been to the Great Wall many times,he didnt go last week.(doing动作发生在主句动作之前，用doing的完成式.)2.表原因第47页/共84页Although he
37、 worked from morning till night,he didnt get enough food.Although working from morning till night,he didnt get enough food.(although/even if/even though+doing.)3.表让步第48页/共84页They sang and laughed;they came into the classroom.They came into the classroom,singing and laughing.(表方式和伴随时,谓语动作是主要的,doing是次
38、要动作.)4.表方式,伴随第49页/共84页The bus was held up by the snowstorm,so it caused the delay.The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay.5.表结果第50页/共84页1.表时间2.表原因4.表伴随5.表结果过去分词做状语3.表条件、让步第51页/共84页When the city is seen from the hill,it is beautiful.Seen from the hill,the city is beautiful.1.表时间第52页/共8
39、4页Confused by the stones flying at them from all sides,the boys ran into the building.As the boys were confused by the stones flying at them from all sides,they ran into the building.2.表原因第53页/共84页Even though defeated again,the scientist didnt give up.(一般来讲,时间,原因,条件,让步状语多放与句首,结果,伴随,方式状语多放在句末.)Given
40、more water,the fish couldnt die.3.表条件、让步第54页/共84页现在分词作状语,doing与句子的主语是主动关系,即主语是doing动作的执行者.过去分词做状语,done与句子的主语是被动关系,即主语是done动作的承受者.第55页/共84页分词作状语时前面可用连词1.when,while,once,if,unless,though等引导的状语从句，若其主语与主句主语相同时，可保留该副词连接词，其余部分则化简为分词短语。While walking along the street early in the morning,he saw her.一早在街上散步时
41、，他看到了她。If falling ill,Ill see my doctor.如果生病我会去看医生。Once completed,this power station supplies the nearby towns and villages with electricity.这个电站一旦建成，将向附近的城乡供电。Even though given every opportunity,they would not try.即使给他们一切机会，他们也不肯试一试。Though knowing the truth,he remained silent.虽然他知道实情，却保持沉默。Unless i
42、nvited,I am not going abroad.除非受到邀请，要不然我是不会出国的。第56页/共84页分词或分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句中的主语相同（即保持一致）,否则句子是错误的。Entering the room,I found the walls newly-painted.我走进房间时，发现墙壁油漆一新。Entering the room，the first thing that met eyes was the newly-painted wallsBadly wounded,the soldier was sent to hospital at once 士兵受了
43、重伤，立即被送到医院。Badly wounded，we sent the soldier to hospital at once Being very busy，I could not afford the time to go to the cinema我因为太忙，不能花时间去看电影了。Being very busy，the film tickets were given to others（对）（对）（对）（错）（错）（错）第57页/共84页第58页/共84页一.非谓语动词做状语的形式：doing/havingdonedone/havingbeendonetodo/tobedone二.做题
44、方法：析句子结构，找逻辑主语，辩逻辑关系，判动词先后三.高考易混点第59页/共84页三.非谓语动词做状语高考易混点第60页/共84页1.(only)to do 和(thus)doing 做结果状语1.Hisparentsdied,_himanorphan.A.leftB.leavingC.leaveD.toleave2.Herushedtothetrainstation,only_thetrainhadgone.A.findingB.foundC.findsD.tofind (only)to do 出乎意料,意料之外 (thus)doing 顺其自然,意料之中做结果状语时第61页/共84页2.
45、doing做伴随状语和todo做目的状语1).The secretary worked late into night,_a long speech.(prepare)The secretary worked late into night _ a long speech.2)Write to the editor,_ that the editor would be able to help her（hope）preparinghopingto prepare,第62页/共84页3.taste,feel,smell,taste，为感官动词，常用现在分词做定语或状语。没有被动语态。1._del
46、icious,theapplessellswell.A.TastedB.TastingC.TotasteD.Havingbeentasted2._sweet,theflowersinthebotanicgardenattractedthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.TosmellB.SmellingC.SmeltD.Tobesmelt第63页/共84页4.非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致.1）.Faced with a bill for$10,000，_.（2006陕西卷）A.John has taken an extra job B.t
47、he boss has given John an extra job C.an extra job has been taken D.an extra job has been given to John 2).While watching television，_.（2005全国卷III）A.the door bell rang B.the doorbell rings C.we heard the doorbell ring D.we heard the doorbell ringswatchingFaced with第64页/共84页3.It _ a hot day,wed bette
48、r go swimming.4._ a rainy day;we decided not to go there.A.is B.to be C.beingD.It being E.It was F.beenCE注意标点符号第65页/共84页1.When _ help,one often says,“Can I help you?”A.offering B.to offer C.to be offered D.offered2.When _ help,one often says,“Thank you.”or “Its kind of you.”A.offering B.to offer C.t
49、o be offered D.offered3.Generally speaking,_according to the directions,the drug has no side-effect.A.when taking B.when taken C.when to take D.when to be taken4.While watching TV,_.A.The door bell rang B.we heard the door bell ringsC.We heard the door bell ring D.the door bell rings第66页/共84页一.非谓语动词
50、的三种基本形式：二.句式特点：_,句子 句子+_三.做题方法：析句子结构，找逻辑主语，辩逻辑关系，判动词先后四.高考考点doingdoneto do第67页/共84页2._inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing the two students第68页/共84页（三）辨逻辑关系1.“You cant catch me!”Jane shouted,_ away.A.run B.running C.to run D.ran