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1、Self introduction page of the course leader Prof.Zhu Xiaoshu(Ph.D.)University of International Business and Economics/第1页/共28页Your final grade componentsAttendance 10%Assignments 30%Final exam 60%第2页/共28页Questions on the course participantsIf you were asked to define culture,what definition would yo
2、u give?Have you thought of the possible difference between cross-cultural of intercultural communication?Have you had any misunderstandings with foreign teachers and students,with whom you have contact?Why do we need to study intercultural communication?第3页/共28页Intercultural communication skills are
3、 essential for people todayThe literature in international business is filled with examples of intercultural miscommunication and blunders,which show the results of miscalculating-or simply ignoring-the cultural dimension of international business.More and more people have come to realize the cultur
4、al impact and possible negative consequences that come from inappropriate communications during international transactions.第4页/共28页The objectives of this courseTo identify and analyze cultural differences so as to avoid such kinds of misunderstanding in international communication.To provide a frame
5、work for understanding of factors that influence intercultural communication.To help you develop effective strategies in dealing with potential cultural conflicts and improve your intercultural communicative competence.第5页/共28页Defining Intercultural Communication(ICC)The term first used by Edward T.
6、Hall in 1959 and is simply defined as interpersonal communication between members of different cultures.ICC can include international,interethnic,interracial,and interregional communication.第6页/共28页International communication Communication takes place between nations and governments rather than indi
7、viduals.It is quite formal and ritualized.Dialogue at the UN.Dialogue between Chinese Chairman and American president.第7页/共28页Interethnic communication Communication between people of the same race but different ethnic backgrounds.Communication between a Tibetan and a Han 第8页/共28页Interracial communi
8、cation It occurs when the source and the receiver exchanging messages are from different races which pertains to physical characteristic.It may or may not be intercultural.Communication between whites and blacks in the U.S.第9页/共28页Interregional communication The exchange of messages between members
9、of the dominant culture within a country.They share common messages and experiences over a long period of time,but live in different regions of the same country.Interaction between southerners and northerners.第10页/共28页The features of intercultural communication It is a universal phenomenon.It occurs
10、 everywhere in the world.If you are receiving messages from another culture,you are involved in ICC.Communications between cultures has been going on for thousands of years.Silk roadIntercultural communication is a common daily occurrence.Foreign travelers,overseas students第11页/共28页Four crucial deve
11、lopments that contribute to the rapid increase of ICCImprovements in transportation technologyDevelopments in communication technologyChanges in mass migration patternsGlobalization of the world economy第12页/共28页International business Multinational corporations annual sales are compatible to or great
12、er than the yearly gross domestic product of most countries.Chinas share of the world trade has grown more rapidly with its trade volume ranked the 3rd in the world.Of the top 500 world enterprises,almost 450 have come to China for investment.第13页/共28页ICC is becoming increasingly important Globaliza
13、tion of the worlds economy will challenge virtually all businesspersons to become more internationally aware and intellectually adept.The major changes in Chinas society reinforce the fact that intercultural communication is becoming a daily occurrence and is becoming increasingly important.第14页/共28
14、页Edward Hall the founder of ICCEdward Hall conceptualized this new field of ICC in the early 1950s.The Silent Language(Hall,1959)is considered the classic fundamental book of ICC study.第15页/共28页ICC has continued to prosper in the U.S.because The country is a land of immigrants from many diverse cult
15、uresThere are thousands of new immigrants entering the country every yearThe U.S.has large numbers of foreign students and touristsThe American involvement in the global economy第16页/共28页The development of ICCThis new field of study originated in the U.S.in the late 1950s.It gained acceptance through
16、 training and testing practice in the 1960s and 1970s.It formed its basis framework in the late 1970s.It has made great achievements in theory and practice ever since the 1980s both inside and outside of the U.S.Today,ICC is widely acknowledged and extensively researched in all parts of the world.第1
17、7页/共28页ICC studies in China ICC was firstly introduced into China during the early 1980s by some English teachers.Hu Wenzhong,a leading scholar of ICC in China The 5th International Conference on Cross-cultural Communication was held in Harbin,ChinaChina Association for Intercultural Communication w
18、as established in 1995.第18页/共28页ICC study in China grew from academic interest to theoretical research and practical implementation Verbal communication the relationship between language and culture:vocabulary,syntax,pragmatic rules,discourse patterns and translationNon-verbal communication Comparat
19、ive study of customs and behavior patterns in China and other countriesCultural differences in business managementTraditional Chinese value orientations and their impact on modernization,etc.第19页/共28页The multidisciplinary nature of ICCL-linguistics and languageA-AnthropologyP-Psycholinguistics and P
20、sychologyS-Sociolinguistics and SociologyE-Education and EnglishC-Communication studiesC-Cultural Studies第20页/共28页Elements of ICC studyPhysical time,environment,comfort and needs,and physical mediumCultural-ethnic,religious,and social differencesPerceptual-viewing what is said from your own mindsetM
21、otivational-the listeners mental inertiaExperiential-lack of similar life happeningsEmotional-personal feelings of the listenerLinguistic-different languages spoken NonverbalCompetition-ability to do other things in communication 第21页/共28页“stumbling blocks”in ICCAssuming more cultural similarities t
22、han there actually are.Language differences are often a source of misunderstandingsMisinterpreting each others non-verbal communication Having stereotypes and preconceptions about“foreignersEvaluating what foreigners do and say before understanding what they meanHaving feelings of anxiety and stress
23、 in ICC,which may lead to inaccurate conclusions.第22页/共28页Potential problems in ICCAvoidance of the unfamiliarUncertainty reduction WithdrawalStereotypingPrejudiceRacismMisuse of powerCulture shockethnocentrism第23页/共28页Stereotypes hamper ICCThey are rooted in your compulsion to make in-group and out
24、-group distinctions.They are oversimplified,over-generalized or exaggerated.They repeat and reinforce beliefs until they often become taken for truth.第24页/共28页Cultural shock Oberg first introduced the term.It is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols
25、of social intercourse.Four stages normally go through:Honeymoon phaseCulture shock phaseRecovery phaseAdjustment phase.第25页/共28页Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrists believe that their own culture is the central culture and other cultures are incorrect,defective,or quaint.第26页/共28页The negative impact of ethnocentrismIt shapes social sense of identity which is narrow and defensiveIt normally involves the perception of members of other cultures in terms of stereotypesUsually involve invidious comparisons that ennoble ones culture while degrading those of others.第27页/共28页感谢您的观看！第28页/共28页