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1、Grammar What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence?A tree has fallen across the road.You are a student.To find your way can be a problem.Smoking is bad for you.第1页/共17页 “How do you do?”is a greeting.What she said is not yet known.That we shall be late is certain.Whether he will go
2、there is not known.How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.第2页/共17页定义：用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：从属连词:that,whether；连接代词:who(whoever),whom,whose,what(whatever)和which(whichever)；连接副词:when,where,how和why。第3页/共17页1.连接词：1）从属连词：that，whether引导主语从句只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，that本身无实际意义，但
3、不能省略.whether意为“是否”，放在句首句末皆可。Thatpricewillgoupiscertain.Thathewillcomeiscertain.Whetherwegobytrainorbyboatmakesnodifference.Whetherhellcomehereisntclear.第4页/共17页2)连接代词who(whoever),what(whatever),which(whichever),whom,whose.Whichsidewillwinisnotclear.Whowillwritethepoemhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whateverhed
4、idisright.Whokilledthescientistremainsaquestion.Whomsheborrowedmoneyfromstillpuzzledhim.第5页/共17页3)连接副词when，where，how，why等。Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.Whenhewillbebackdependsontheweather.Whenwellstarttomorrowwillbetoldsoon.Wherethetestwillbegivenisnotyetdecided.第6页/共17页Makesentences:Its certain
5、.well be late.Is he coming or not？We dont knowWhat does he want to tell us?We dont knowWhen will you come back?It doesnt matter.Itscertainthatwewillbelate.Thatwellbelateiscertain.Wedontknowwhetherheiscomingornot.Whetherheiscomingisnotknown.Wedontknowwhathewantstotellus.Whathewantstotellusisnotknown.
6、Whenyouwillcomebackdoesntmatter.Itdoesntmatterwhenyouwillcomeback.第7页/共17页主语从句后置!为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例:Thatweshallbelateiscertain.-Itscertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.-2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.-Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.Itsknowntoallthatth
7、eearthisround.第8页/共17页A.It+be+形容词+that从句(obvious,true,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)如：Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.B.It+be+名词词组+that从句(anhonour,afact,apity,etc）如：Itsapitythatwecantgo.2.2.2.2.用用用用it it it it 作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构第9页/共17页C.It
8、+be+过去分词+that从句(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,etc。）如：ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.D.It+不及物动词或短语+that从句(seem，happen,doesntmatter,turnout）。如：IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.Itdoesntmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.第10页/共17页1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词。误：Theyshouldlikeeachother
9、isnatural.2)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.误：IfMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.注注 意意正：Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.正：WhetherMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.ItwasdoubtfulifMaryreallyheardhim.第11页/共17页1.What you left are only s
10、everal old books.2.What you said is of great importance.3）主语从句中用陈述语序,后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数4）“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：常与其后的名词作表语一致，且根据句子的语境而定。eg：5).用于Itisimportant/natural/necessary/impossiblethat.句型中,主语从句应使用虚拟语气,用“should+动词原形”的形式,should有时可以省略。6).在It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required中,that从
11、句的谓语也应该用“should+动词原形”的形式,should有时可以省略。第12页/共17页1.Whereshallwespendtheholidayisntdecided.2.Youhavemadeamistakeisafact.3.Thatiscertainthatwecanwin.4.Nomatterwholeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.5.Ifthepolicemenwillcomeisnotcertain.weshallThatyouhaveItisWhoeverwhether改错练习第13页/共17页6.Itissaythathe
12、wasafamouswriter.7.Itisseemedthatitisgoingtorainsoon.8.Thatisfactthatshewonthefirstplace.9.Wholeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.10.Itisimportantthatastudentlearnsaforeignlanguage.said seemsIt is a factWhoevershould learn第14页/共17页1._hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD
13、.How2._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere3._isknowntousallthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry.AWhichBAsCWhatDIt第15页/共17页4.Itsknowntousall_aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink_noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave第16页/共17页谢谢您的观看！第17页/共17页