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1、从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。英语阅读理解英语阅读理解解题技巧解题技巧从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。主主 旨旨 大大 意意 型型事事 实实 细细 节节 型型 词词 义义 猜猜 测测 型型命命题题类类阅读理解命题特点:阅读理解命题特点:推推 理理 判判 断断 型型从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用
2、,在此不再说明。一:事实细节型一:事实细节型从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。事实细节题事实细节题干扰项干扰项范围过大、过小范围过大、过小。干扰项干扰项偷换概念偷换概念。干扰项干扰项正误并存,某个分句是正确的正误并存,某个分句是正确的。解题方法解题方法:原文定位法原文定位法。1.抓住问题中的抓住问题中的关键词关键词,迅速回到原文中找到这一细,迅速回到原文中找到这一细节节2.把细节所在段落仔细阅读一遍,与所给选项核对,把细节所在段落仔细阅读一遍,与所给选项核对,分析,判断,得出答案分析,判断,
3、得出答案从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。1)Which of the following statement is true?2)Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3)The author(or the passage)states that_.4)According to the passage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)_?在阅读理解中,要求查找主要事实和特在阅读理
4、解中,要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式:定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式:从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。Passage1 Passage1 The human body is a living machine,and The human body is a living machine,and like all machines,it needs fuel to supply it like all machines,it needs fuel to supply it
5、with energy.That is the food we eat.But how with energy.That is the food we eat.But how much do we need to stay healthy?The energy much do we need to stay healthy?The energy value of food is usually measured in calories.value of food is usually measured in calories.A calorie is the amount of heat re
6、quired to A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1.raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1.The number of calories people need per day is The number of calories people need per day is different,as the chart showsdifferent,as the chart shows 从使用情况来看,闭胸式
7、的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。Q1)_caloriesarerequiredtoraisethetemperatureof5kgofwaterfrom35to90.A.55B.175C.325D.275Q2)WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothechartabove?A.Achildaged8requiresmorethan3timestheamountofcaloriesthatababydoes.B.Aboyaged16requiresnearlytwicetheamount
8、ofcaloriesthataboyaged8does.C.Anofficeworkerrequiresthesameamountofcaloriesperdayasawomanfeedingababydoes.D.Afarmerrequiresnearly1.5timestheamountofcaloriesthatanofficeworkerdoes.从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。【解析】答案为 D D。根据文章细节内容,计算公式为:(90-35)51=275【解析】答案为 C C。
9、根据文章图表,依次验证A、B、C、D 四个答案的内容是否正确。很易找出 C C 符合图表内容。文章文章从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。二:词义猜测型二:词义猜测型从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。定位单词所在的句子,在定位单词所在的句子,在上下文的情境中判断。上下文的情境中判断。做题要领做题要领从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的
10、城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。信号词:信号词:be,be called,means,be defined as A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.1、定义或解释说明、定义或解释说明蚊子蚊子沙漠沙漠从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式
11、盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。2、对比关系、对比关系 信号词信号词:but,however,yet,otherwise,while,though,on the one handon the other hand,for one thingfor another thing,instead of 等等 Though Toms face has been washed quite clean,his neck still remains grubby.John usually wastes a lot of money on such
12、 useless things,his wife,however,is very thrifty.污秽的污秽的节约的节约的从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。3、因果关系、因果关系 信号词信号词:because,since,as,for,due to,so,therefore,sothat,suchthat,thus Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very e
13、lastic.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.弹性的弹性的混浊的混浊的从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。装置装置4、举例法、举例法 信号词信号词:such,such as,like,for example/instance,especially,include,consist of Cars must have certain safety devic
14、es such as seat belt,headlights,and good brakes.On the farm they mainly raise poultry,such as chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.家禽家禽设备设备从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。5、重述、重述 信号词信号词:or,that is(to say),in other words,to put it another way,i.e.In so
15、me countries where there is very little rain,the farmers have to irrigate,or water,their fields.All whales fall into two groups,those with teeth and those without,Dolphins belong to odontoceti,that is to say,they are toothed whales.灌溉灌溉灌溉灌溉有牙齿的有牙齿的从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工
16、程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。6、同义词、近义词、同义词、近义词 信号词信号词:or,like,asas,the same as Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to peoples health.They also regard drinking as harmful.Mother was tall,fat and middle-aged.My aunt was an old woman,almost as plump as mother,and much shorter.有害的有害的圆胖的圆胖的从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛
17、。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。7、生活经验、生活经验,生活常识生活常识,逻辑推理逻辑推理 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient,he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious,because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.When you throw a stone into
18、still water of a lake,you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water.Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled.麻药麻药波纹波纹膨胀膨胀冷缩冷缩从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。8.8.根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义例题:例题:Tom cant find his sneakers.C.shoesTom c
19、ant find his white sneakersTom cant play tennis now because he cant find his white sneakers.A.moneyB.bowls从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。三:三:推理判断型推理判断型 从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。推理判断型推理判断型常见的命题方式有:常见的命题方式有:1.The passage
20、 implies(暗示暗示)that_.2.We can conclude(得出结论得出结论)from the passage that_.3.Which of the following can be inferred(推论推论)?4.What is the tone(语气语气)of the author?5.What is the purpose(目的目的)of this passage?6.The passage is intended to _.7.Where would this passage most probably appear?从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾
21、构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。不要选择表层信息忠实原文忠实原文:据作者的观点理论,客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断,做出一定解释。推推理理判判断断型型透过现象看本质透过现象看本质:领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度。从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。PassageTheconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Ab
22、out90percentofallillnessesmightbepreventableifindividualmadesound(adj.健康的健康的)personalhealthchoicesbaseduponpresent(adj.现在的现在的)medicalknowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitlimitedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundaries(n.界限界限)ofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakeal
23、mostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayaffectourhealth.Ifwedodesire,wecansmoke,drinkmuch,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodwewant,andliveacompletelysedentary(adj.久坐的,劳心的久坐的,劳心的)lifestylewithoutanyexercise.练习题解释解释P5从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。Q:The concept of
24、 personal choice about health is important because_.A.personalhealthchoiceshelpcuremostillnesses.B.ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledge.C.itisbasictopersonalfreedominAmericansociety.D.wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealth.文章从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。解析:解
25、析:据前两句可以得知,据前两句可以得知,不良的选择会导致健康状不良的选择会导致健康状况变坏,因此答案选况变坏,因此答案选 D D 。选出的答案一定要在原文选出的答案一定要在原文中找到依据或理由,不能中找到依据或理由,不能只凭常识或自己主观胡乱只凭常识或自己主观胡乱推测。推测。文章文章从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。四四:主旨大意题主旨大意题从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。主旨大意题主旨
26、大意题干扰项干扰项可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。干扰项干扰项可能是从文中某些可能是从文中某些(不完全的不完全的)事事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。实或细节片面推出的错误结论。干扰项干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(正确答案正确答案):据文章全面理解据文章全面理解而归纳概括出来的;不能太笼而归纳概括出来的;不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。统、言过其实或以偏概全。从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。阅读中主旨大意题的题型分类阅读中主旨大意题
27、的题型分类主旨题主旨题标题类标题类文章主旨文章主旨段落主旨段落主旨从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。1.标题类试题常见的题干形式标题类试题常见的题干形式(1)The best title for this passage is.(2)The suitable headline for this passage may be(3)The title that best expresses the idea of the passage is.(4)Which of the following
28、can be the best title of this passage?(体现概括性体现概括性,避免远离主题避免远离主题)从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。2.文章主旨类试题常见的题干形式文章主旨类试题常见的题干形式(1)What is the passage mainly about?(2)The passage talks about.(3)The passage tells us that.(4)This passage mainly deals with.(5)Whats the
29、 main idea/topic of the passage?(体现全面性体现全面性,避免以偏概全避免以偏概全)从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。3.段落主旨类试题常见的题干形式段落主旨类试题常见的题干形式(1)The main idea of the second paragraph probably is that.(2)What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with?(3)Which of the following can bes
30、t summarize Paragraph one?(4)Whats the main idea discussed in the first paragraph?(体现针对性体现针对性,避免张冠李戴避免张冠李戴)从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。解题解题技巧技巧技巧一:识别文体技巧一:识别文体技巧二:技巧二:找关联词找关联词技巧三技巧三:抓线索抓线索技巧四技巧四:找高频词找高频词从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中
31、已很少使用,在此不再说明。技巧一:识别文体技巧一:识别文体新闻报道新闻报道导语提携全文导语提携全文议论文议论文 总总-分分-总总(论点论据结论)(论点论据结论)说明文说明文主题句主题句(首中尾)(首中尾)记叙文记叙文记叙文六要素记叙文六要素从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。On 26 January,Australia Day,in over 200 locations across the nation,more than 9,000 people will become Australi
32、an citiziens.“By these citizenship ceremonies we welcome those who have come from overseas from many different cultural and social backgrounds into our communities and our nation,”said the Minister for Citizenship and Multicultural Affairs.“Australia Day celebrations that include people from so many
33、 birthplaces are an ezcellent way to encourage tolerance,respect and friendship among all the people of Australia.”Most citizenship ceremonies will be followed by displays of singing and dancing from many of the migrants homelands and the tasting of food from all over the world.从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开
34、式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。OnAustraliaDay,_.A.people sing and dance together B.people enjoy Australia food C.some people from overseas were accepted as the citizens in Australia D.people can travel all over Australia 从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,
35、在此不再说明。Eg.6 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent.On the other hand,nobody may look more innocent than a professi-onal criminal.And the man who knows“everything”may really only be trying to hide his own weakness.So,it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance(so,therefore
36、,thus,in conclusion,in short,all in all,overall,clearly,plainly,In fact)技巧二:技巧二:找关联词找关联词从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。技巧三技巧三:从段落中从段落中归纳要点归纳要点抓大意,理清线索抓大意,理清线索.有些文章或段落无明显的主题句有些文章或段落无明显的主题句,只是暗示性地体现主只是暗示性地体现主题题.这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实事实或提供的或提供的线
37、索线索来概括总结主旨大意来概括总结主旨大意从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。eg.Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and,later,Boston College p
38、rovided him with an excellent legal background.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A.Tom,who had studied at Paris Universities for four years,moved to another university.B.Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and
39、 later from Boston College.C.Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D.Tom received an excellent education.detaildetaildetail从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。技巧四技巧四:从段落中从段落中寻找高频率词寻找高频率词任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的,因此,任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的,因此,许多文章中最明显的特点
40、之一是有一个反复出许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词,即现的中心词,即高频词高频词,也叫做,也叫做主题词主题词从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。Eg.9A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with motorway system.It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day,which greatly re
41、duces the overcrowded traffic in the center of the city.As part of the project,two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city,one for traffic to the north and the other for the traffic to the south.The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 m
42、eters wide,providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction.In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel.The lighting is at the top of the tunnel,practically at its highest point.There will also b
43、e electric signs at frequent intervals.They show traffic conditions ahead and can be seen clearly by drivers.The wall is made up of four main elements,which include a waterproofing covering and,on the inside of the tunnel,a concrete lining.从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使
44、用,在此不再说明。Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat.The surface of the road lies on the base,which is made of concrete and steel.The drainage system,just below the road surface on one side,removes any extra liquid,particularly water.In the event of fire,the fire m
45、ain,which is made of steel,pipes water to many fire hydrant stations at regular intervals along the length of the tunnel.The fire main is at the side of the tunnel and at the level of the road surface.Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones.75.The passage is mainly about _.A.the co
46、nstruction of a road B.the design of a road C.the construction of two tunnels D.the design of two tunnels 从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。Please underline the topic sentences of Passages A-DPassage A The topic sentence is the first sentence.English is clearly an
47、international language.It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the world.Over 70 percent of the worlds radio programs are in English.English is clearly an international language.从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。Passage BSome stud
48、ents prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do.Others prefer to be left to work on their own.Still others like a democratic discussion type of class.Not a single teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.The topic sentece is the last sentence.Not a singl
49、e teaching method can be devised(设计,制定,创造,发明。设计,制定,创造,发明。)to satisfy all students at the same time.从使用情况来看,闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构,但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用,在此不再说明。Passage C The topic sentences are at both the beginning and the end of a passage.Life in 2035 will be different from what it is toda
50、y.For one thing,you will sleep later because your job will start later in the morning.Too,machines will do most of your routine work for you.Also,you will travel to work on a moving sidewalk.Furthermore,you will talk to your friends on a picture telephone.Finally,you will take longer vacations in mo