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1、中考英语中考英语-被动语态被动语态(一一)语语 态态 分分 类类 英英语语动动词词有有两两种种语语态态，主主动动语语态态和和被被动动语语态态。主主动动语语态态表表示示主主语语是是动动作作的的执执行行者者，被被动动语语态态表表示示主语是动作的承受者。如：主语是动作的承受者。如：They will build a new bridge over the river.(主动主动)A new bridge will be built over the river.(被被动动)汉汉语语中中常常用用“被被”、“给给”、“由由”、“受受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：等词用来表示被动，而英语用：be+done
2、构成。构成。主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法 （主语）（主语）（宾语）（宾语）主动语态：动作的执行者主动语态：动作的执行者+谓语动词的主动形式谓语动词的主动形式+动作的承受者动作的承受者被动语态：动作的承受者被动语态：动作的承受者+谓语动词的被动形式谓语动词的被动形式+动作的执行者动作的执行者 （主语）（主语）（宾语）（宾语）说明：说明：（1 1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。（2 2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾）把主动句
3、中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由格，并由byby引导。引导。（3)3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。(二二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主主要要体体现现在在be的的变变化化上上，其其形形式式与与系系动动词词be的的变变化化形形式式完完全全一样。以一样。以 give give 为例，列表如下：为例，列表如下：一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：一般将来时：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在进行时：过去进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：现在完成时：过去完成时：过去完成时：am/is/are+done was/were+do
4、ne shall/will+be done am/is/are+being+done was/were+being+done have/has+been+done had+been+done (三三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态常见的八种时态中的被动语态1.一般现在时：一般现在时：(1)People grow rice in the south of the country.Rice is grown in the south of the country.(2)The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a tea
5、cher.We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.(三三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态常见的八种时态中的被动语态 2.一般过去时：一般过去时：(1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.(2)The students didnt forget his lessons easily.His lessons were
6、 not easily forgotten.(三三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态常见的八种时态中的被动语态3.一般将来时：一般将来时：(1)They will send cars abroad by sea.Cars will be sent abroad by sea.(2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.(三三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态常见的八种时态中的被动语态4.现在进行时：现在进行时：(1)The radio is broadca
7、sting English lessons.English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.(2)We are painting the rooms.The rooms are being painted.(三三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态常见的八种时态中的被动语态5.过去进行时：过去进行时：(1)The workers were mending the road.The road was being mended.(2)This time last year we were planting trees here.Trees were b
8、eing planted here this time last year.(三三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态常见的八种时态中的被动语态6.现在完成时：现在完成时：(1)Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.(2)He has brought his book here.His book has been brought here.(三三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态常见的八种时态中的被动语态7.过去完成时：过去完成时
9、：(1)When I got to the theatre,I found they had already sold out the tickets.When I got to the theatre,I found the tickets had already been sold out.(2)The whole country was very sad at the news of his death;People had considered him to be a great leader.He had been considered to be a great leader.(四
10、）四）含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态：8.含有情态动词的被动语态是由含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动情态动词词+be+done”构成。构成。(1)You must hand in your compositions after class.Your compositions must be handed in after class.(2)He can write a great many letters with the computer.A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.(五五)语态转
11、换时所注意的问题语态转换时所注意的问题1.1.把把主主动动语语态态变变为为被被动动语语态态时时，其其谓谓语语动动词词的的时时态态要要与与原原句句时时态态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought.(正确正确)A new computer have been bought.(错误错误)2.2.含含有有双双宾宾语语的的主主动动句句变变被被动动句句时时，可可分分别别将将其其中中的的一一个个宾宾语语变变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为
12、主语时比较多。为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.如如果果把把直直接接宾宾语语(指指物物)改改为为主主语语，则则在在间间接接宾宾语语(指指人人)前前加加适适当的介词，如上句还可以说：当的介词，如上句还可以说：A present was given to me yesterday.保留宾语保留宾语保留宾语保留宾语注注意意：1.一一般般在在下下列列动动词词后后，常常在在间间接接宾宾语语前前用用介介词词 to，如：如：bring,
13、give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell 等。等。(1)The book was showed to the class.(2)My bike was lent to her.2.一般一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for,如：如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing 等。等。(1)A new skirt was made for me.(2)The me
14、at was cooked for us.(3)Some country music was played for us.4.4.注注注注意意意意：在在see,watch,hear,notice,listen to,look at,make,feel等等动动词词后后作作宾宾语语补补足足语语的的动动词词不不定定式式都都不不带带 to，但但改改成成被被动动语语态态后后都都带带to，这这时时不不定定式式为为主主语语补补足足语语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。的问题。We often hear him play the guitar.He is
15、often heard to play the guitar.5.有有些些动动词词既既是是及及物物又又是是不不及及物物，当当它它们们和和well,badly,easily等等副副词词连连用用时时，表表示示主主语语内内在在品品质质或或性性能能，是是不不及及物物动动词词，用用主主动动表表示示被被动动，这这时时不不用用被被动动语语态态，常常见见的的有有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook 等。等。如：如：(1)The cloth washes easily.这布很好洗。这布很好洗。(2)The new product sells well.这新产品很畅销。这新产品很畅销。6.want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+to be done 例：My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行车需要修理。