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1、Chapter OneEssay Writing第一章.议论文完全攻略第1页/共82页Argumentation三对一结构第2页/共82页Somepeoplebelievethattomaintaintheculturalidentityofacity,thegovernmentshouldbuildallthenewbuildingsinatraditionalway.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?(2006.12.9)第3页/共82页ProsConsCultural identity Not economicalSafety RisksHigher co
2、sts(Ef)(R)(E)(R)第4页/共82页Introduction1.Background Information2.Statement第5页/共82页Some people believe that in order to preserve cultural identity of a city,all the new buildings have to be constructed in a conventional way.Personally,I do not agree with the opinion.第6页/共82页让步段:分析弱势分论点 X 1【1】：Topic Sent
3、ence【2】弱势分论点(It cannot be denied that those who are of the opinion do have a point to a certain extent.)(Indeed,if all the new buildings in a city were to be constructed in a traditional way,it can truly embody the cultural identity of the city.)第7页/共82页【3】Development(Effect)As a consequence,the enh
4、ancement of cultural identity of a city in turn helps the city to attract more tourists and potentially boost the local tourism.第8页/共82页重点段：分析强势分论点 X 3【1】:Topic SentenceDespite the benefit,problems should not be neglected.第9页/共82页【2】+【3】:Main Idea 1+Development (Reason)Firstly,the practice is not ec
5、onomical compared with modern ways of building.(To be more specific,buildings of traditional ways are generally short.This means they do not have enough space for so many people to live in as modern tall buildings do.)第10页/共82页To be more specific,buildings of traditional ways,which are generally sho
6、rt,do not have the capacity to hold as many people as modern tall buildings do.第11页/共82页【4】+【5】:强势分论点2+Development(Case Evidence Preferred)(Secondly,the practice often involves safety risks.)(For example,in China,traditional buildings are often wooden structure,which is prone to fire or collapse.)第1
7、2页/共82页【6】+【7】:Main Idea 3+Development(Reason)Finally,the costs of construction tend to be higher if all the new buildings in a city were to be built with traditional ways.第13页/共82页This is because most traditional buildings are built with wood and stone.This means more skilled and expensive craftsme
8、n have to be hired to build in such material.第14页/共82页To conclude,the suggestion to build all new buildings in a traditional way is beneficial to enhance a citys cultural identity.This only benefit,nevertheless,is immediately dwarfed by the problems it is likely to bring about.主体定性Conclusion第15页/共82
9、页Therefore,it can be concluded that the move is just an unrealistic idea,which should never be implemented.重申观点第16页/共82页Pressureonschoolanduniversitystudentsisincreasingandstudentsarepushedtostudyhardwhentheyareyoung.Doyouthinkitisapositiveoranegativedevelopment?第17页/共82页Argumentation二对二结构第18页/共82页I
10、nmanycountries,childrenareencouragedinsomekindofpaidwork.Somepeopleregardthisascompletelywrong,whileothersconsiderthisasvaluableworkexperience,importantforlearningandtakingresponsibility.Whatisyouropinion?IncomeAbilityStudiesBe led astray第19页/共82页Today,it is not rare to see children participating in
11、 paid jobs in many different countries.While peoples opinions on this phenomenon may vary,I believe it is advisable to encourage children to do paid jobs.Introduction第20页/共82页Body【1】Topic SentenceWhen children are encouraged to do some paid jobs,there are certainly some benefits.SupportiveArgument第2
12、1页/共82页As a result,the money can help in relieving financial burdens in some poor families.【3】Development(Effect)First of all,since these are paid jobs,children can gain some income.【2】Main Idea 1第22页/共82页【5】Development(Example)【4】Main Idea 2In addition,participation in these jobs benefits the child
13、ren to develop certain important qualities or abilities.For example,such a child often has to communicate with different people and deal with problems alone,as a result,his/her interpersonal skill and independence will surely be developed.第23页/共82页OppositeArgument【1】Main Idea 1【2】RefutationIn contra
14、st,some people may worry that working for money may affect the childrens studies.However,as long as the children can reasonably arrange their time on studies and work,many cases have proven that a young student can do well in their studies while taking up a part-time paid job.第24页/共82页【4】Refutation【
15、3】Main Idea 2Another concern is that children may be led astray when they do paid work.Such a risk,nevertheless,can be prevented if the parents censor the part-time jobs available for their children.第25页/共82页ConclusionTo conclude,taking up paid work brings both benefits and risks to children.However
16、,when certain conditions are met,all the potential problems can be solved in a proper way.For this reason,I think it is generally a good idea to encourage children to take up paid jobs.第26页/共82页Mosthighleveljobsinthegovernmentaredonebymen.Somepeoplebelievethatthegovernmentshouldencourageacertainperc
17、entageofthesejobstobereservedforwomen.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?第27页/共82页Discussion2选1模式第28页/共82页Somepeoplebelievethatdevelopingcountriesshouldconcentrateonimprovingindustrialskills.Somepeoplearguethatdevelopingcountriesshouldpromoteeducationfirst.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.第29页/共8
18、2页Justification of Viewpoint AImmediate economic returnsJustification of Viewpoint BCompetent professionals in different fieldsComparisonLong-term developmentMoney-(invest)-Education第30页/共82页IntroductionSome people believe that developing countries should focus on the improvement of industrial skill
19、s.Others,however,argue that it is the promotion of education that should be regarded as the priority for developing countries.Personally,I tend to agree with the former point of view.第31页/共82页Discussion of Viewpoint A【1】Topic Sentence【2】Justification of Viewpoint AWhen a developing country concentra
20、tes on the development of its industries,it surely brings certain benefits.The most evident one is that it potentially brings immediate economic returns if the industry of a developing country is prosperous.第32页/共82页The progress of industrial skills,in turn,immediately made it one of the richest cou
21、ntries in the world.However,industrial revolution greatly improved the industrial skills in this country.For example,before industrial revolution,Britain used to be an average country.【3】Development第33页/共82页Discussion of Viewpoint B【1】Topic Sentence【2】Justification of Viewpoint BOn the other hand,th
22、ose who believe the development of education is paramount to a developing country also have a point.A well developed education system often means the provision of a great number of talented people.第34页/共82页【3】Developmentthus enhancing the national strength of a country in the long run.The increase i
23、n the number of such people,consequently,surely benefits innovation and development in different fields,Talented professionals have the expertise and creative ideas that a developing country needs the most.第35页/共82页While both opinions have their reasons,I believe it is wiser for a developing country
24、 to develop industry first.This is because the development of education often needs a lot of money.So when a developing country has done well in improving its industry,the money from industrial production can be spent in education.Conclusion第36页/共82页As a result,the quality of education can be guaran
25、teed when enough money is invested in this part.(258 words)第37页/共82页Scientistsbelievethatjunkfooddoesharmtopeopleshealth.Somepeoplebelievethatthewaytomakepeopleeatlessjunkfoodistoeducate;Somepeoplethinkitwillnotwork.Discussbothviewpointsandgiveyourownopinion.第38页/共82页改良模式第39页/共82页Somepeoplethinkthos
26、ewhomovetoothercountriesshouldimitatelocalcustomsandbehaviors.Somepeoplethinkthereisnoneedforthemtotrytoadaptthemselvestothenewcultureatall.Discussthebothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.(2005.3.5)第40页/共82页Problem of Viewpoint ANot all customs are imitableProblem of Viewpoint BIsolated from the mainstream
27、 societyJustification of Viewpoint BPreserve the cultural identity of ones motherlandJustification of Viewpoint AHelp people better accepted by the host country第41页/共82页IntroductionSome people believe that it is beneficial for people going to a foreign country to follow local customs and behaviors.O
28、thers,nevertheless,hold the opinion that the imitation of local customs and behaviors is not necessary.In my opinion,both views have problems.第42页/共82页分析甲方观点的合理性和漏洞【1】：Justification of View AAdvocates of the first point of view believe that the imitation of customs and behaviors in a different count
29、ry helps people better accepted by the local in that country.第43页/共82页For example,bisous,which is a common way in greeting friends by hugging and kissing in France and many other western countries,can hardly be accepted by most people in Asian countries.It has to be pointed out,however,that to many
30、people,not all customs can be accepted or even imitated.【2】：Problem of View A 第44页/共82页分析乙方观点的合理性和漏洞【1】：Topic SentenceHowever,there are some other people who believe that it is pointless to try to adapt to a new culture by imitating local customs and behaviors.第45页/共82页it has to be pointed out that
31、such a benefit,nevertheless,is often at the cost of ones isolation from the mainstream society.【3】:Problem of View B Indeed,while it is true that it might be beneficial for the preservation of the cultural identity of ones motherland when he/she sticks to home customs and behaviors,【2】：Justification
32、 of View B 第46页/共82页It is generally human nature to be reluctant to make friends with those who behave very differently.Therefore,it is often the case that the people who reject local customs and behaviors are seen as strange and unapproachable.As a result,local people are likely to keep a distance
33、with these people on purpose.第47页/共82页From the above general comparison of the two viewpoints,we could find that both of them have obvious problems.To be more specific,it is advisable to embrace the customs and behaviors which are appropriate in ones own culture.(308 words)ConclusionIn my opinion,pe
34、ople should be selective in imitating local customs and behaviors.第48页/共82页Somepeoplethinkthatasenseofcompetitioninchildrenshouldbeencouraged.Othersbelievethatchildrenwhoaretaughttoco-operateratherthancompetebecomemoreusefuladults.Discussboththeseviewsandgiveyourownopinion.第49页/共82页Report第50页/共82页To
35、day,therearemoreandmorecasesofjuveniledelinquencyinsomecountries.Whatarethereasons?Whatcanbedonetorelievetheproblem?Juvenile delinquency?Juvenal(adj)羽翼未丰的Juvenescence(n)返老还童Juvenilia(n)青少年读物第51页/共82页TheFeaturesofReportWritingSubject:Phenomenon(Negative)Task:(1).Analyze the causes of a phenomenon(2)-
36、A-Present the solution(s)to a problem-B-Analyze the potential effects of a problem第52页/共82页Introduction1.Background Information 2.Essay Statement第53页/共82页At present,crimes committed by teenagersare increasing.This phenomenon,as far as I am concerned,can be attributed to a number of reasons and in th
37、is essay,I would like to analyze the reasons and present my solutions.第54页/共82页Body3R+1S2R+2SReason部分具体结构【1】:Topic Sentence【2】：Reason1【3】:Development【4】:Reason 2【5】：Development 第55页/共82页The causes of the phenomenon,in my opinion,can be a combination of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors,*with intr
38、insic factors beingthe main culprit.(and between them,I think intrinsic factors are the most important reasons which lead to the phenomenon.*)Topic Sentence第56页/共82页Report Writing Skill内外因追根溯源思路Today,inmanycountries,oldpeoplearenotrespectedbytheirfamilies.Whatarethereasons?Whatproblemsitmightcause?第
39、57页/共82页IntrinsicFactorFinancially incapableLiability第58页/共82页Researchsuggeststhatmajorityofcriminalswhoaresenttoaprisonwouldcommitcrimesagainwhensetfree.Whatarethereasons?Whatcanbedonetosolvethisproblem?(2009.6.13)IntrinsicFactorEvil natureExtrinsicFactorFail to find a job-Forced to recommit crimes
40、第59页/共82页Language SkillWith引导的独立主格General Specific主句(General)+with+n(Specific Subject)+Ving(Feature)第60页/共82页Developingcountriesrequirehelpofferedbyinternationalorganizationstoensurehealthyandsustainabledevelopment.Somepeoplethinkthatfinancialaidisthemostimportant.Othersbelievethatpracticalaidandadv
41、iceismoreimportant.Discussboththeseviewsandgiveyourownopinion.(2009.6.27)第61页/共82页According to some experts,various kinds of help are needed to ensure healthy and sustainable development in developing countries,with financial aidplaying the most significant role.第62页/共82页Compared with adults,teenage
42、rs are more likely to be led astray.Reason第63页/共82页This is because teenagers are often mentally immature.they may find it hard to distinguish right from wrong and tend to be influenced by certain TV programs or movies(teenagers minds are immature)This means in many cases,Developmentcontaining excess
43、ive misleading contents.第64页/共82页In addition,schools should take more responsibilities for the rising cases of juvenile delinquency as well.Reason第65页/共82页leading to the result that many students are ignorant of what is right to do.To be more specific,it is often the case that many schools,which sol
44、ely regard university enrolment rates as their priority,ignore the education of moral values to the students,Development第66页/共82页Solution部分具体结构【1】Topic Sentence【2】Solution1【3】Development(Theoretical Evidence/Case Evidence)【4】Solution2【5】Development(Theoretical Evidence/Case Evidence)第67页/共82页To tack
45、le the problem,the government as well as schools should join hands.To begin with,the government should legislate strictly preventing teenagers from committing crimes.For example,people under a certain age should be strictly banned from entering pubs or purchasing alcohol,Topic SentenceSolutionDevelo
46、pment第68页/共82页which could potentially reduce the possibility of the occurrence of teenagers misconduct.Moreover,efforts should be made to popularize moral education in schools.Solution第69页/共82页To be more specific,courses introducing moral values should be made compulsory.When more teenagers have pro
47、per moral values,the rate of juvenile delinquency is expected to be greatly reduced accordingly.Development第70页/共82页ConclusionTo conclude,while the increasing cases of juvenile delinquency can be attributed to different reasons,I believe the problem can be solved as long as the government and school
48、s make joint efforts.第71页/共82页Insomepartsoftheworld,itisbecomingpopulartoresearchthehistoryofonesownfamily.Whypeoplemightwanttodothis?Isitapositiveornegativedevelopment?第72页/共82页书信作文写作攻略Letter Writing第73页/共82页最优化结构IntroductionSelf-introduction(optional)1Reasonforwriting1Point1X2-3sentencesPoint2X2-3
49、sentencesPoint3X2-3sentences第74页/共82页Complaint Letter：You bought a MP3 player from a local department store.But your request to get a replacement was rejected by the shop assistant after you found there was a quality problem with the MP3 player.Write a letter to the department store to make a compla
50、int of the shop assistant.In your letter:DescribewhatmadeyouunsatisfiedWhatyoufeltaboutWhatyouwantthedepartmentstoretodo第75页/共82页Dear Sir/Madam,(My name is Julie Wang.And I am a customer.And I visited your department store last Sunday.)My name is Julie Wang,a customer who visited your department sto