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1、1.If I 1.If I were were to live long enough to have a to live long enough to have a job,I job,I would choosewould choose to be a doctor,helping to be a doctor,helping these AIDS patients.these AIDS patients.2.If I 2.If I werewere you,I you,I would give would give an AIDS an AIDS patient a hug.patien
2、t a hug.第1页/共74页3.I wish I 3.I wish I could remembercould remember more about more about my mum.my mum.4.I wish that she 4.I wish that she werewere here with me and that here with me and that we we werent werent sick.sick.5.I wish people 5.I wish people would find outwould find out the facts and the
3、 facts and not act as if I not act as if I were were a bad or dangerous person.a bad or dangerous person.第2页/共74页Unit7-8 GrammarThe Subjunctive Mood第3页/共74页一、虚拟语气的概念一、虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，是一种特殊的动词形式，一种一种是用来表示说话人所说的话是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种不是一个事实，而是一种假设假设、猜测猜测、怀疑怀疑等等(在条件从句中或让在条件从句中或让步状语从句中步状语从句中)
4、；另一种另一种是表示说是表示说话人的话人的愿望愿望、要求要求、命令命令、建议建议等等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句语从句)。第4页/共74页二、虚拟语气在二、虚拟语气在 在条件从句中在条件从句中一、在条件从句中一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以以 do do 为例为例)：第5页/共74页表示与事实表示与事实情况相反情况相反条件从句的谓语条件从句的谓语形式形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实与现在事实相反相反过去式过去式(did)(did)(be(be常用常用 were)wer
5、e)Would/could/Would/could/might/should+might/should+动词原形动词原形(do)(do)与过去事实与过去事实相反相反过去完成式过去完成式(had(had+done+done上面上面4 4个情态动词个情态动词+have done+have done与将来事实与将来事实相反相反过去式过去式 (did)(did)should+do should+do were to dowere to do4 4个情态动词个情态动词 +dodo第6页/共74页条件从句条件从句条件从句的谓语形条件从句的谓语形式式主语的谓语形式主语的谓语形式与过去相反与过去相反If I(
6、you,he/she,If I(you,he/she,they,we)+had they,we)+had+过去分词过去分词should/would/should/would/could/might+could/might+have+have+过去分词过去分词例：例：If I had come here yesterday,I would have seen him.If I had come here yesterday,I would have seen him.If you had got up earlier,you could have caught theIf you had got
7、 up earlier,you could have caught the train.train.如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。第7页/共74页If theyIf they ,they,they it easily that day.it easily that day.1.1.如果他们以前努力学习的话，如果他们以前努力学习的话，那天做得就会容易些。那天做得就会容易些。2.2.如果他不听取我的建议，如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。他就不会干得这样好。If he If he my advice,my advice,have done it muc
8、h better like this.have done it much better like this.had studied hardhad studied hardcould have donecould have donehad not takenhad not takenhe wouldnt he wouldnt 第8页/共74页If I _If I _(have)(have)time last night,time last night,I _ I _(go)(go)to see the to see the film with you.film with you.had had
9、would have gone第9页/共74页If he If he (drive)(drive)more carefully,more carefully,he he (have)(have)the car the car accident yesterday.accident yesterday.had drivenhad drivenwould not have hadwould not have had 第10页/共74页If I If I (learn)how to swim(learn)how to swim,I I (trap)in this island.(trap)in th
10、is island.would not have would not have been trappedbeen trappedhad learnthad learnt第11页/共74页条件从句条件从句条件从句的谓语条件从句的谓语形式形式主语的谓语形式主语的谓语形式与现在事实与现在事实相反相反If I(you,he/she,If I(you,he/she,they,we)+they,we)+动词动词过去式过去式should/would/should/would/could/might+could/might+动动词原形词原形例：例：If I were a teacher,I would be
11、If I were a teacher,I would be kindkind to to my my students.students.If I had HIV,I would know because I would If I had HIV,I would know because I would feel sick.feel sick.hadhadwouldwouldwerewerewould bewould befeelfeel第12页/共74页What What wouldwould you you dodo if you if you wonwon the the lotter
12、y?lottery?If I If I wonwon the lottery,the lottery,I I wouldwould第13页/共74页If I If I won won the lottery,the lottery,I I would would buy an expensivebuy an expensive car.car.第14页/共74页If I If I hadhad a lot of money a lot of money,I I wouldwould buy a villa buy a villa.第15页/共74页If I If I hadhad a lot
13、of money now,a lot of money now,I I wouldwould travel around the travel around the world.world.第16页/共74页If it were fine now,I would go shopping.第17页/共74页If I _a teacher,I.were第18页/共74页条件从句条件从句 条件从句的谓语条件从句的谓语形式形式主语的谓语形主语的谓语形式式与将来相与将来相反反过去式过去式 (did)(did)should+do should+do were to dowere to doshould/w
14、ould/should/would/could/might+could/might+动动词原形词原形1.If the teacher1.If the teacher asked asked me to solve the problem nextme to solve the problem nexttime,Itime,I could trycould try my best.my best.2.If he2.If he should failshould fail in the experiment this time,hein the experiment this time,he wo
15、uld trywould try again.again.3.If we3.If we were to panicwere to panic,we,we would not bewould not be able to help.able to help.第19页/共74页如果你成功了，一切都会好起来。如果你成功了，一切都会好起来。If you_,everythingIf you_,everything_ _ _ all right.all right.If you _If you _，everything_ all right.everything_ all right.If you_,ev
16、erything If you_,everything _all right._all right.succeededsucceededwouldwould be beshouldshould succeedsucceedwould bewould bewere to succeedwere to succeedwould bewould be第20页/共74页If he_(If he_(get)get)up earlyup early tomorrowtomorrow,he _ he _(be(be)on time)on time.gotgotwould bewould be第21页/共74
17、页 Should he fail in the experiment 当从句中有当从句中有 were,hadwere,had 或或 shouldshould 时，可时，可省略省略if if，而把它们放在句首。，而把它们放在句首。If I If I werewere to meet him tomorrow,I should ask to meet him tomorrow,I should ask him about it.him about it.二、省略二、省略 if if 的条件从句的条件从句WereWere I to meet him tomorrow,I to meet him to
18、morrow,If he If he should failshould fail in the experiment this in the experiment this time,time,he he would trywould try again.again.第22页/共74页 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。干的就会容易些。三、错综时间的条件句三、错综时间的条件句 即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同,此时，需要按此时，需要按时间时间来确定虚拟形式来确定虚拟形式 如：如：If they If they had
19、studiedhad studied hard,they hard,they could docould do it it easily now.easily now.第23页/共74页If the staff If the staff more more careful,careful,the mall the mall on fire nowon fire now.had beenhad beenwould not bewould not be第24页/共74页3.If you _him yesterday,3.If you _him yesterday,you _what to do n
20、ow.you _what to do now.如果昨天你问他的话，他现在就知道如果昨天你问他的话，他现在就知道 该怎么做了该怎么做了.2.2.If he _my advice,he If he _my advice,he _it much better like this._it much better like this.如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干 得这样好。得这样好。had not takenhad not takenwouldnt dowouldnt dohad askedhad askedwouldwould knowknow第25页/共74页 一
21、些介词短语一些介词短语,如如:but for(but for(要不是要不是),),without,otherwise(without,otherwise(否则否则),),等等表示含蓄的表示含蓄的条件条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气（与过去这时主句要用虚拟语气（与过去事实相反的情况）事实相反的情况）1.1.WithoutWithout your help,we your help,we would not have would not have mademade such rapid progress.such rapid progress.四四.含蓄条件句含蓄条件句第26页/共74页2.2.But
22、forBut for my brothers help,I my brothers help,I _(finish)it on time._(finish)it on time.3.I had to do sth.more important,3.I had to do sth.more important,otherwiseotherwise I_(help).I_(help).would not have finishedwould not have finished mightmight have helpedhave helped第27页/共74页三、三、虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在宾语从
23、句中在宾语从句中第28页/共74页1 1、记住：这些动词后面接的记住：这些动词后面接的宾语宾语从从句：表示句：表示愿望愿望(wish wish),),建议建议(suggest,suggest,adviceadvice,propose,recommendpropose,recommend)，要求要求(demand,request,require,insistdemand,request,require,insist),),命令命令(order,command)order,command)等。等。除除wishwish外，其它动词用外，其它动词用should+do should+do 构成构成,sh
24、ould,should 可以省略。可以省略。第29页/共74页Wish In Subjunctive mood第30页/共74页I wish I were as tall as you.第31页/共74页I wish I were a bird.第32页/共74页I wish/wished I hadnteaten so much watermelon.第33页/共74页I wish it would rain tomorrow.第34页/共74页wish wish wish wish +did(与现在事实相反)+had done(与过去事实相反与过去事实相反)+would/could/mig
25、ht+do(将来不大可能实现的愿望将来不大可能实现的愿望 )wish wish 接宾语从句有三种情况：接宾语从句有三种情况：第35页/共74页1 1.I wish she _(be)on my side.I wish she _(be)on my side.2.I wish I _(be)30 years younger.2.I wish I _(be)30 years younger.3.3.I wish(that)you _(get)a good I wish(that)you _(get)a good job.job.4.4.He wished he _(do)it.He wished
26、he _(do)it.5.He ordered that the students _5.He ordered that the students _(wash)the clothes every week by themselves.(wash)the clothes every week by themselves.would bewould bewerewerewould getwould gethadnt donehadnt donewashwash第36页/共74页2 2、记住：、记住：insist/suggestinsist/suggest 各有两种意各有两种意思，要用不同的语气思
27、，要用不同的语气InsistInsist 表示表示“坚决要求坚决要求”时，用虚拟时，用虚拟形式，即形式，即 should+doshould+do;Insist Insist 表示表示“坚称，坚持说坚称，坚持说”时，用时，用陈述语气，表示事实。陈述语气，表示事实。SuggestSuggest 表示表示“建议建议”时，用时，用should should+do+do形式。形式。SuggestSuggest 表示表示“表明、暗示表明、暗示”时，用时，用陈述语气。陈述语气。第37页/共74页The teacher The teacher suggestedsuggested that we that w
28、e _the blackboard after class._the blackboard after class.老师老师建议建议我们课后把黑板擦了。我们课后把黑板擦了。He He insistedinsisted that all of us_ there that all of us_ there on time by any means.on time by any means.他他坚持要求坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。那儿。He He insistedinsisted that he _right.that he _right.(should)clean(
29、should)cleanshould beshould bewaswas第38页/共74页虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在主语从句中在主语从句中第39页/共74页在句型在句型“It is important(necessary,strange,It is important(necessary,strange,natural)that.natural)that.”中，中，that that 后面的从句后面的从句中的谓语动词用：中的谓语动词用：should+should+动词原形动词原形 1.Its 1.Its necessarynecessary that we _a walk that we _a
30、walk now.now.我们有必要出去散散步。我们有必要出去散散步。2.Its2.Its natural natural that she _so.that she _so.她这样做是很自然的。她这样做是很自然的。3.Its 3.Its importantimportant that we _good that we _good care of the patient.care of the patient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。重要的是我们要照顾好病人。should haveshould haveshould doshould doshould takeshould take第40页/
31、共74页虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在表语从句中在表语从句中第41页/共74页 主句的主句的主语主语常是表示说话人常是表示说话人愿望愿望(wish/desire)(wish/desire)、建议建议(suggestion/(suggestion/advice)advice)要求要求(requirement/demand)(requirement/demand)、命命令令(order,command)(order,command)等的名词，表语从等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用句的谓语动词用(should)+do.(should)+do.Our Our suggestion suggestion is
32、that you is that you _there on time._there on time.(should)be(should)be第42页/共74页虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在同位语从句中在同位语从句中第43页/共74页 同位语从句的同位语从句的先行词先行词常是表示说话人常是表示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词。等的名词。The The suggestionsuggestion that students that students _something practical is _something practical is worth considerin
33、g.worth considering.Do you know the Do you know the order order that you that you _watch._watch.(should)learn(should)learn(should)keep(should)keep第44页/共74页 在在would(had)rather(would(had)rather(宁愿宁愿)引导的引导的宾语从句中：宾语从句中：当从句表示当从句表示现在现在或或将来将来的时间时的时间时,谓谓语语动词要用动词要用一般过去时一般过去时;表示表示过去过去时间时间时时,谓语动词要用谓语动词要用过去完成时过
34、去完成时。I would rather he _tomorrow than I would rather he _tomorrow than today.today.camecame第45页/共74页as if/as though 第46页/共74页在在as if as if 从句中，常用虚拟形式，即从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表表示与现在事实相反示与现在事实相反，用过去式用过去式；与与过去事实相反用过去完成式过去事实相反用过去完成式(had (had done).done).一、一、as if as if 连接连接表语表语从句从句 She looked She looked as ifas if
35、 she _made of ice.she _made of ice.她看起来似乎是冰做的。她看起来似乎是冰做的。He looked He looked as if as if he _ (sleep)he _ (sleep)for two days.for two days.werewerehadnt slepthadnt slept第47页/共74页二、二、as if as if 连接让步状语从连接让步状语从 句句 She looked after the boy She looked after the boy as ifas if he he _her own son._her own
36、 son.她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。He speaks to us He speaks to us as if as if he _there.he _there.他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。werewerehad beenhad been第48页/共74页He talks about Rome as though heHe talks about Rome as though hehad been had been there himself.there himself.他谈论起罗马就好像他亲自他谈论起罗马就好像他亲自去过那儿
37、一样。去过那儿一样。第49页/共74页 Make wishes using the Subjunctive Mood.Make wishes using the Subjunctive Mood.1.1.I I wish I couldwish I could get all beautiful get all beautiful dresses.dresses.第50页/共74页2.2.I wish I couldI wish I could get to the moon.get to the moon.第51页/共74页3 3.I wishI wish I had a I had a m
38、agic lamp to magic lamp to achieve all my achieve all my wishes.wishes.第52页/共74页Explain the sentences1.I wish I could remember more about my mum.Its a pity that she isnt here and that we are sick.2.I wish people would find out the facts and not act as if I were a bad or dangerous person.第53页/共74页 It
39、s a pity that it is difficult for people to find out the facts about AIDS and that they think that I am a bad or dangerous person.3.If I were you,I would give an AIDS patient a hug.I think that you should give an AIDS patient a hug.第54页/共74页4.If I had HIV,I would know because I would feel sick.I wil
40、l know I have HIV because I will feel sick.And in fact I dont have HIV.第55页/共74页PractisingPractisingRewrite the sentences with I wish1.I cant solve my problems.I wish I could solve my problems.2.Youve been working too hard.I wish you hadnt been working too hard.第56页/共74页3.I cant forget the terrible
41、scene.I wish I could forget the terrible scene.4.We havent got enough money.I wish I had got enough money.5.Im afraid the performance wont go well.I wish the performance would go well.第57页/共74页6.I dont have many friends.I wish I had many friends.Rewrite the sentences with if-clause.1.I want to buy t
42、hese books,but I dont have enough money.If I had enough money,I would buy these books.第58页/共74页2.It is cold and wet outside.We dont let the children play in the garden.If it werent cold and wet outside,we would let the children play in the garden.3.Youre wasting so much time playing computer games.Y
43、ou wont pass the test.第59页/共74页 If I were you,I wouldnt waste so much time playing computer games.4.He has to work hard all day long,so he doesnt have time to do the shopping.If he didnt have to work hard all day long,he would have time to do the shopping.第60页/共74页 Write your answer to the following
44、 questions.What would you do if.you were a famous person for a day?If I were a famous person for a day,I would help the poor people.you could be invisible for a day?第61页/共74页 If I could be invisible for a day,I would experience the life of blind people.you had a lot of money?If I were a billionaire,
45、I would buy what I want.you could change one thing about yourself?第62页/共74页 If I could change one thing about myself,I would get rid of my shortcomings.you were the teacher?If I were the teacher,I would set an example to my students.第63页/共74页 Complete the following sentences with as if.1.Sarsh looks
46、 at her husband _ _(stranger)2.They are talking _(friends)as if he were a stranger as if they were friends第64页/共74页4.I remember the whole thing _(yesterday)as if it had happened yesterday.3.They are talking _(kid)as if I were a kid.第65页/共74页Homework:第66页/共74页 if第67页/共74页What What will will you do if
47、 it you do if it rains rains tomorrow?tomorrow?第68页/共74页I I will will stay at home if it stay at home if it rains rains tomorrow.tomorrow.第69页/共74页WeWell ll have lessons in the classroom if have lessons in the classroom if it it rainsrains tomorrow.tomorrow.第70页/共74页WeWell ll visit the museum if itvisit the museum if it rains rains tomorrow.tomorrow.第71页/共74页The football match The football match will bewill be put off if it put off if it rainsrains.第72页/共74页Information will be looked up in the internet if it rains.第73页/共74页感谢您的观看！第74页/共74页