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1、用来表示说的话用来表示说的话不是事实不是事实，或者是，或者是不太可能发生的情况不太可能发生的情况，或是一，或是一种愿种愿望，建议，假设望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。的语气叫虚拟语气。假设假设条件状语从句条件状语从句愿望愿望宾语从句宾语从句似乎似乎好像状语好像状语/表语从句表语从句动动词词形形式式虚虚拟拟语语气气建议建议命令命令要求要求宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句did/haddone情态动词情态动词(wouldhavedone.)(should)do其他其他Discovery11.Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavet
2、hemeeting.2.IfIhadenoughmoneynow,Iwouldlendittoyou.3.Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedtheexam.4.IfIwereyou,Ishouldseizethechancetogoabroad.5.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.if条件句中的虚拟语气条件句中的虚拟语气时间时间If 从句的谓语形式从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在过去过去将来将来did/werehad donewould/could/shou
3、ld/might+V.(原原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.did/were2.should do3.were to dowould/could/should/might+V.(原原)2;43;51If Tom _(know)Susans telephone number,he _(will)call her.Tom wants to call Susan but he cant.He doesnt know her telephone number.knew wouldPracticeLast month Susan was ill.Tom didn
4、t know this,so he didnt go to see her.If Tom _(know)that Susan was ill,he _(go)to see her.had known would have goneTom wants to play football tomorrow but he is too busy these days.If he _(be)not too busy,he_(will)play football tomorrow.were would “If God _(give)me one more chance now,I _(say)to the
5、 girl:“I love you.”If I _(have)to give a time limit to this love,I _(say)-10 thousand years.”Stephen ChowPractice makes perfect!gave wouldsayhadwouldsayFill in the blanks如果条件状语中有如果条件状语中有were,had,should时时,可以倒装成：可以倒装成：Were/Should/Had +主主+其他其他Were I you,Had he been there yesterday,Should it snow tomorr
6、ow,If I were you,I would try it again.If he had been there yesterday,he would have seen the film.If it should snow tomorrow,we wouldnt go out.如果我是你，我会再试一次。如果我是你，我会再试一次。如果他昨天在那儿的话，他就会看那部电影了。如果他昨天在那儿的话，他就会看那部电影了。如果明天下雪，我们就不出去了。如果明天下雪，我们就不出去了。Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.Ifhewerefreetoday,
7、wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。在发生的事实不符。从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。Discovery2错综时间条件句：错综时间条件句：有时条件有时条件从句从句中的动作和中的动作和主句主句中的动作发生的中的动作发生的时间不一致时间不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。1.Withyourhelp,Icouldhavef
8、inishedtheworkaheadoftime.2.Withoutairandwater,therewouldbenolivingthingsontheearth.3.Butfortherain,weshouldhavehadapleasantjourney.4.Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?5.Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.6.Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet
9、ing.7.Fiveminutesearlierandyoucouldhavemetheratthestation.8.Youcouldhavedonebetter，butyoudidnttryyourbest.介词或介词短语（代替状语从句）：介词或介词短语（代替状语从句）：butfor（要不是（要不是），），without（假若没有（假若没有），），with（假若有（假若有）用用or，otherwise(否则否则)，等类似转折词，等类似转折词根据上下文语境来表示某种假设情况根据上下文语境来表示某种假设情况含蓄条件句：句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，利用某含蓄条件句：句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，利用某
10、他手段或方式来暗示存在虚拟条件。他手段或方式来暗示存在虚拟条件。Discovery31.Thetwostrangerstalkedasiftheyhadbeengoodfriendsformany years.2.Theteachertreatsthepupilasifhewereherownchild.3.Heranandshoutedasifhehadseenaghost.Discovery45.HetalksaboutRomeasifhehadbeentherebefore4.Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.发发生的生的时间时间 虚拟语气虚
11、拟语气结结构构过过去去现现在在将来将来方式状语从句中的虚拟语气方式状语从句中的虚拟语气asif,asthough引导的方式状语从句，表示引导的方式状语从句，表示“好像，似好像，似乎乎”可以虚拟语气。可以虚拟语气。4had+过去分词过去分词一般过去时一般过去时(be用用were)would/could/might/should+原形动词原形动词1,3.52When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been brokenThe a
12、ctor is 58 years old.But he acts as if he _ a young man.A.is B.will be C.am D.wereThe clouds are getting darker and darker.It looks as if it _rain.A.is going to B.will C.was going to D.wouldifonly（要是（要是.就好了）就好了）Ifonlyshewouldtryagain.IfonlyIwerebetterlooking.Ifonlyyouhadcometomybirthdayparty.过过去去现现在
13、在将来将来had+过去分词过去分词过去时过去时(be用用were)would/could+原形动词原形动词Idratheryouhadseenthefilmyesterday.Idratheryouwereherenow.Wedratheryouwentheretomorrow.IwishIlearntEnglishwell.IwishIhadbeentherewiththemlastweek.Hewisheswecouldplaygameswithhim.宾语从句中的虚拟语气宾语从句中的虚拟语气Discovery61.wish之后的宾语从句之后的宾语从句2.wouldrather,would
14、sooner等之后的宾语从句等之后的宾语从句过过去去现现在在将来将来had+过去分词过去分词过去时过去时(be用用were)would/could+原形动词原形动词过过去去 现现在在将来将来had+过去分词过去分词过去时过去时(be用用were)过去时过去时(be用用were)请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句。请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句。一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。1.insist 2.order,command 3.advise,suggest,propose 4.demand,require,requ
15、est,desireTheteacheradvisedthatweshouldmakegooduseofeveryminutehere.My demand is that she _(come)to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical works _(be)closed down.He suggested that we _(go)to Beijing for sightseeing.The proposal that we (go)out for a picnic was warmly welco
16、med.(should)go(should)come(should)be(should)go表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句宾语从句宾语从句同位语从句同位语从句Wesuggestthatyou(should)bethereontime.=Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethereontime.=Itisoursuggestionthatyou(should)bethereontime.=Itissuggestedthatyou(should)bethereontime.如如suggest,insist用于其本意用于其本意“暗示、表明暗示、表明”“坚持说坚持说
17、”不用不用虚拟，用陈述语气。虚拟，用陈述语气。“坚持认为坚持认为”时，宾语从句虚拟语气。时，宾语从句虚拟语气。1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody _(obey)the rules.2.He insisted that she_(be)seriously ill and that _(send)to hospitals at once.3.He suggested that we_(have)a meeting at once.4.His pale face suggested that he_(be)ill.obeywasbe senthav
18、ewas1.Itisnecessarythatthebadlywoundedman（should）betreatedimmediately.2.Itsstrangethathe(should)haveactedtowardhisparentslikethat.3.Itssurprising/amazing/pleasing/thatshe(should)winoverhermother.4.Itsapity/ashame/nowonderthatourteam(should)losethegame.5.Itisimportantthateverymember(should)informhims
19、elfoftheserules.“Itisimportant(strange，natural，necessary)that”这类句这类句型里，型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should十动词十动词原形原形”结构，表示某事是结构，表示某事是“重要、奇怪、自然、必要重要、奇怪、自然、必要”等意义。等意义。Tom,youaretoolazy.Theworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.Yououghtnottohavegivenhimmorehelp.Ineednthaveboughtsomuchwineonlyfi
20、vepeoplecame.Shemighthaveachievedgreaterprogress,ifyouhadgivenhermorechances.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldnthaveachievedsomuch.情态动词情态动词+havedone的虚拟语气的虚拟语气wouldhavedone表示对过去事情的假设，意思是表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做本来会做”。should/oughttohavedone“本来应该做本来应该做但实际上未做但实际上未做”。shouldnt/oughtnottohavedone“本不应该做某事，但实际上却做了本不应该做某事，但实际
21、上却做了”。neednthavedone“本来没有必要去做某事，但实际上却做了本来没有必要去做某事，但实际上却做了”。may/mightnothavedone表示虚拟，意为表示虚拟，意为“（过去）本来可能做某事，（过去）本来可能做某事，但实际上却没有做但实际上却没有做”。Its(about/high)time+that-should+V.过去时过去时你该走了。你该走了。我们该睡觉了。我们该睡觉了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.Its(about)time that we went to bed.Its
22、time that we should go to bed.She stayed at home for a few days so that she might have more time to study it.She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted.He went to the station in a taxi so that he should not miss the train.sothat与与inorderthat二者引导的二者引导的目的状语目的状语从句谓语部
23、分应该用从句谓语部分应该用may/might/can/could/etc.+动词原形动词原形If 从句从句had donedid/were1.did/were2.should do3.were to do过去过去现在现在将来将来would/could/should/might+have+p.p.would/could/should/might+V.(原原)would/could/should/might+V.(原原)as ifas thoughhaddonedid/werewould/could/might/should+原形动词原形动词主句主句ifonlywould/could+原形动词原形
24、动词haddonedid/werewishdid/werewould/could+原形动词原形动词haddonewouldratherdid/werehaddonedid/were一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。1.insist 2.order,command 3.advise,suggest,propose 4.demand,require,request,desire情态动词情态动词+havedoneIts(about/high)time+that sb did/should doItisimportant(strange，natural，n
25、ecessary)that(一一)用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空1.Ifyou_(arrive)tenminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.2.Itstimethatwe_(go)totherailwaystation.3.Ifthey(nothelp)us,ourexperimentwouldhavefailed.hadarrivedwent/shouldgohadnothelped4.Yourefiveminuteslate.Isuggestedthatyou_(come)earliertomorrow.5.Mather
26、oftentellsusthatitisnecessarythatwe_(drink)aglassofwaterafterwegetup.6.Sheinsistedthatshe_(send)toworkinthefarawaysmalltown.(should)come(should)drink(should)besent7.Inot(forget)histelephonenumber,Iwouldhaverunghim.8.Heisbusynow.Ifhe(be)free,he_(go)withyou.Hadforgottenwerewouldgowouldgo9.Themanagerwa
27、sinhisofficethen.Ifhe_(be)here,everything_(settle)inaminute.10.Noisyasitwas,hewentonreadingasifnothing_(happen).hadbeenwouldhavebeensettledwerehappening11.Ifthefactory_（belong）tome，I_（notsell）it.Butitisntyours.12.Ifyou_（keep）thesecret,nobody_（know）it.Imsorryformakingsuchamistake.belongedwouldntsellh
28、adkeptwouldhaveknown13.Iftheweatherweretobefinetomorrow，I_（go）foranoutingwithmyparents.14._（be）Iyou，Iwouldthinkaboutthisproblemonceagain.15._（have）Ihadtimelastnight，I_（go）toseethiswonderfulfilm.wouldgoWereHadwouldhavegone二、单选题二、单选题1.Everything_ifAlberthadntcalledthefirebrigade.A.willbedestroyedB.wil
29、lhavebeendestroyedC.wouldbedestroyedD.wouldhavebeendestroyed2.IfyouhadntgonewithTomtothepartylastnight,_.A.youwouldmeetJohnalreadyB.youwonthavemissedJohnC.youwillhavemetJohnD.youwouldhavemetJohnDD3.Supposingthisship_,doyouthinktherewouldbeenoughlifejacketsforallthepassengers?A.wassinkingB.hassunkC.w
30、eretosinkD.sunk4.Ididntfinishmytask.HowIwishI_youradvice!A.hadfollowedB.followC.wouldfollowD.followedCA5.Theteachersuggestedthateachstudent_aplanforthevacation.A.madeB.makeC.makesD.willmake6.Frankly,Idratheryou_anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A.doB.dontdoC.didntdoD.willnotdoBC7.Itshightimeyou_.A.star
31、ttoworkB.wouldstarttoworkC.startedtoworkD.hadstartedtowork8._,wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkontime.A.IftheydonothelpusB.WasitnotfortheirhelpC.ShouldtheyoffertohelpusD.ButfortheirhelpCD9.Thedoctorsadviceisthatthepatient_abouthisrealphysicalcondition.A.benottoldB.notbetoldC.willnotbetoldD.mustnotbetold
32、10.Itisrequiredthatthemachine_asfrequentlyasnecessary.A.beoiledB.mustbeoiledC.isoiledD.willoilBA三、完成句子三、完成句子1.如果你年轻如果你年轻十十岁，你岁，你会会怎么办？怎么办？What_you_，ifyou_tenyearsyounger？2.如果你开车更小心一点，就不会出这样的事故。如果你开车更小心一点，就不会出这样的事故。Ifyou_yourcarmorecarefully,suchatrafficaccident_.woulddowerehaddrivencouldnthavehappen
33、ed3.如果明天下雾，我就不能开车去购物。如果明天下雾，我就不能开车去购物。Ifit_foggytomorrow，I_mycartogoshopping.4.如果明天天气转晴，我们就去野餐。如果明天天气转晴，我们就去野餐。Ifit_clearuptomorrow，we_forapicnic.werecouldntdriveweretowouldgo5.如果我捡到了那只钱包，一定交给失主了。如果我捡到了那只钱包，一定交给失主了。IfI_upthewallet，I_ittoitsowner.6.如果你那天没有抽烟，火灾就不会发生。如果你那天没有抽烟，火灾就不会发生。Ifyou_thatday，th
34、efire_out.hadpickedwouldhavereturnedhadntsmokedwouldnthavebrokenJimhadanoperationonhislegyesterday.Thedoctorsuggestedhe_(stay)inbedforatleastthreemonths.Hesaidtohismother:“_I(be)morecareful,I_(nothurt)myselfandI_(notstay)inbednow.”Lyinginbed,Jimkeptonsaying“HowIwishI_(notbe)socareless,Mum!IwishI_(go
35、)toschooltomorrow.Comparingwithlyinginbed,IwouldratherI_(study)intheclassroom.”“Itis10oclock,itishightimethatyou_(go)tobed.Itisnecessarythatyou_(have)agoodrest,sothatyou_(recover)soon.”Momsaid.stayHadbeenwouldnthavehurtwouldntstayhadntbeencouldgocouldstudywentshouldhave can recover1.如果你当时听了医生的建议，你现在
36、就可以参加足球如果你当时听了医生的建议，你现在就可以参加足球赛。赛。(if)2.他从未去过英国，但他的英语说得很好，就像他以前他从未去过英国，但他的英语说得很好，就像他以前在英国学习过一样。在英国学习过一样。(as if)3.我宁愿他明天亲自去一趟学校。我宁愿他明天亲自去一趟学校。(would rather)4.你本不该告诉他这个坏消息的。否则他不会自杀的。你本不该告诉他这个坏消息的。否则他不会自杀的。(shouldnt)5.经过慎重考虑，导游坚持我们在这家酒店吃晚饭。这经过慎重考虑，导游坚持我们在这家酒店吃晚饭。这家酒店因服务周到而出名。家酒店因服务周到而出名。(insist,know)1.
37、如果你当时听了医生的建议，你现在就可以参加足球如果你当时听了医生的建议，你现在就可以参加足球赛。赛。If you had taken/followed the doctors advice,you could take part in the football match now.2.他从未去过英国，但他的英语说得很好，就像他以前他从未去过英国，但他的英语说得很好，就像他以前在英国学习过一样。在英国学习过一样。He has never been to England,but he speaks English well as if he had studied in England.3.我宁愿
38、他明天亲自去一趟学校。我宁愿他明天亲自去一趟学校。I would rather he went/would go to school in person tomorrow.4.你本不该告诉他这个坏消息的。否则他不会自你本不该告诉他这个坏消息的。否则他不会自杀的。杀的。You shouldnt have told him the bad news,otherwise,he wouldnt have committed suicide.5.经过慎重考虑，导游坚持我们在这家酒店吃晚经过慎重考虑，导游坚持我们在这家酒店吃晚饭。这家酒店因服务周到而出名。饭。这家酒店因服务周到而出名。After careful consideration,the tour guide insisted that we should have dinner in this hotel which was known for its good service.