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1、英语句子的种类简单句 (simplesentence)并列句并列句(compoundsentence)复合句复合句(complexsentence)英语句子概论第1页/共42页简单句的五种基本句型The weather is very cold.主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语He laughed.主语+谓语（vi.）I like Chinese food.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语She taught them physics.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语We must keep the room warm.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语 第2页/共42页并列句并列句把两个或
2、几个简单句用把两个或几个简单句用并列连词并列连词连接起来。连接起来。IturnedontheTV.MysisterandIwatchedit.I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it.Iboughtmysisterapresent.Shedidntlikeit.I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it.并列句并列句常用并列连词:平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:选择并列连词:and,bothand,notonlybutalso,neithernorbut,however
3、,while,yet,or,eitherorfor,so第3页/共42页复合句复合句:主句主句+从句从句 名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句1.The boy who is standing over there is Tom2.Because it is raining,we have to stay at home 定语从句 状语从句3.I know(that)he is from America(宾语从句）宾语从句）名词性从句-第4页/共42页NounClauses(名词性从句)Subject Clause (主语从句主语从句)Appositive Clause（同位语从句）（同位语从句）O
4、bject Clause（宾语从句）（宾语从句）Predicative Clause（表语从句）（表语从句）第5页/共42页名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。主语主语 His job is important.What he does is important.表语表语This is his job.This is what he does every day.第6页/共42页宾语宾语I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位语同位语I dont know about the man
5、,Mr.White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.第7页/共42页Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句 名词性从句名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主
6、语、表语、宾语和同位语。主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。同位语从句同位语从句第8页/共42页宾语从句的定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。第9页/共42页宾语从句中引导词的用法宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词引导词有：有：连词：连词：that(that 常可省略常可省略),whether,if代词：代词：who,whose,what,which副词：副词：when,wh
7、ere,how,why 等。等。第10页/共42页1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语（简单句）（简单句）主语主语谓语谓语宾宾语语从从句句连词连词 从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主主 句句（复合句）（复合句）第11页/共42页宾语从句的概念：宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语宾语。句子结构：句子结构：主句主句 +连词（引导词）连词（引导词）+宾语从句宾语从句第12页/共42页1）主句的谓语动词可以是）主句的谓语动词可以是及物动词及物动词：2）如如果果主主句句的的谓谓语语动动词词是是一一个个带带有有介介词词的的词
8、组，那么后接的从句做词组，那么后接的从句做介词宾语从句介词宾语从句。3）有些）有些形容词后形容词后也可以带有宾语从句。也可以带有宾语从句。Imafraid(that)hewontpasstheexam.Hewonderedifhecouldpasstheexam.They are talking about whether they canpasstheexam.注注意意：动动词词+副副词词形形成成的的谓谓语语动动词词词词组组后后也也可以带宾语从句。可以带宾语从句。第13页/共42页一、从属连词一、从属连词一、从属连词一、从属连词 1.1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定当宾语从句是陈述
9、句时（包括肯定句和否定当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由句），连词由句），连词由句），连词由thatthat引导，因为引导，因为引导，因为引导，因为thatthat在从句中在从句中在从句中在从句中不作不作不作不作任何成分任何成分任何成分任何成分，也，也，也，也没有任何具体意思没有任何具体意思没有任何具体意思没有任何具体意思，因此在口语，因此在口语，因此在口语，因此在口语或非正式文体中或非正式文体中或非正式文体中或非正式文体中常省略常省略常省略常省略vvLinTaoknows(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.LinTa
10、oknows(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.vvShesays(that)shewonttakepartinthesportsmeetingShesays(that)shewonttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.nextSunday.vvJimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.vvHesaid(that)hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.Hesaid(th
11、at)hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.引导词种类第14页/共42页2.2.当当当当宾宾宾宾语语语语从从从从句句句句是是是是一一一一般般般般疑疑疑疑问问问问句句句句时时时时，由由由由连连连连词词词词whetherwhether或或或或if if引引引引导导导导（口口口口语语语语中中中中常常常常用用用用if if），因因因因为为为为if/whetherif/whether翻翻翻翻译译译译成成成成：“是是是是否否否否”，具具具具有有有有一一一一定定定定的的的的意意意意义义义义，所所所所以以以以不不不不能能能能省略省略省略省略LilyLily wantedwanted to
12、to knowknow ifif/whether/whether herher grandmagrandma likedlikedthehandbag.thehandbag.LetsLetsseesee ifif/whether/whether wewecancanfindfindoutoutsomesomeinformationinformationaboutthatcity.aboutthatcity.ItalldependsonItalldependsonwhetherwhethershelikesthebossornot.shelikesthebossornot.引导词种类第15页/共
13、42页二、连接代词二、连接代词二、连接代词二、连接代词 which,which,what,what,whose,whose,who,who,whom,whom,whatever,whatever,whoever,whoever,whomever,whomever,whicheverwhichever；连连连连接接接接代代代代词词词词在在在在从从从从句句句句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。I wonder who will teach us.Mr.Wang asked whose book that was.You
14、can take whatever you like.引导词种类第16页/共42页三、连接副词三、连接副词三、连接副词三、连接副词 where,when,why,howwhere,when,why,how等连接副词在句中作状语。等连接副词在句中作状语。等连接副词在句中作状语。等连接副词在句中作状语。He didnt tell me when we should meet again.Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.引导词
15、种类第17页/共42页带带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句的词组也都可以引导宾语从句vCouldyoutellusCouldyoutellushowoftenhowoftenyougoabroadforyougoabroadforaholiday?aholiday?vCouldyoutellusCouldyoutellushowlonghowlongthemeetingwilllast?themeetingwilllast?vIdontknowIdontknowhowfarhowfaritistothecinema.itistothecinema.vPleasetellusPleasetell
16、ushowmanyhowmanystudentsthereareinstudentsthereareinyourschool?yourschool?vCanyoutellusCanyoutellushowoldhowoldhisbrotheris?hisbrotheris?vPleasetellusPleasetellushowsoonhowsoonyouwillbeready.youwillbeready.vCouldyoutellusCouldyoutellushowmuchhowmuchitcoststoflytoitcoststoflytoHainan?Hainan?第18页/共42页
17、二、时态二、时态1.1.1.1.如果主句是如果主句是如果主句是如果主句是现在的时态现在的时态现在的时态现在的时态 （包括一般现在时（包括一般现在时（包括一般现在时（包括一般现在时 ，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过 去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等
18、）去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）vIknowheIknowhelivesliveshere.here.vIknowheIknowhelivedlivedheretenyearsago.heretenyearsago.vIhaveheardthatheIhaveheardthathewillcomewillcometomorrow.tomorrow.第19页/共42页2.2.如如如如果果果果主主主主句句句句是是是是过过过过去去去去的的的的时时时时态态态态（包包包包括括括括一一一一般般般般过过过过去去去去时时时时，过过过过去去去去进进进进行行行行时时时时），那那那那么么么么从从从从句句句句的的的
19、的时时时时态态态态一一一一定定定定要要要要用用用用相相相相对对对对应应应应的的的的过过过过去去去去的的的的某某某某种种种种时时时时态态态态（包包包包括括括括一一一一般般般般过过过过去去去去时时时时，过过过过去去去去进进进进行时，过去将来时，行时，过去将来时，行时，过去将来时，行时，过去将来时，过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时）vIknewwhoIknewwholivedlivedhere.here.vI Itoldtoldmemethatthatsheshewaswastalkingtalking withwithherhermothermotheratatthattimelastwe
20、ek.thattimelastweek.vHeaskedwhetherhisfatherHeaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomewouldcomebackbackthenextday.thenextday.vHesaidthatheHesaidthathehadseenhadseenitbefore.itbefore.第20页/共42页3.3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用一般现在时。时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.Theteachersaidthat
21、theworldismadeupofmatter.第21页/共42页三、语序三、语序宾语从句的语序用宾语从句的语序用陈述语序陈述语序：连接词连接词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其他成分其他成分第22页/共42页1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?HisbrotheraskswhenHisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotohewillgotothelibrary.thelibrary.HisbrotheraskswhenHisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotowillhegotothelibrary.
22、thelibrary.2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?IdontknowwhatIdontknowwhathewantstohewantstobuy.buy.IdontknowwhatIdontknowwhatdoeshewanttodoeshewanttobuy.buy.3.Whoarewegoingtomeet?3.Whoarewegoingtomeet?CanyoutellmewhoCanyoutellmewhowearegoingtowearegoingtomeet?meet?CanyoutellmewhoCanyoutellme
23、whoarewegoingtoarewegoingtomeet?meet?第23页/共42页4.DoesheknowFrench?4.DoesheknowFrench?Wewanttoknowif/whetherWewanttoknowif/whetherheknowsheknowsFrench.French.Wewanttoknowif/whetherWewanttoknowif/whetherdoesheknowdoesheknowFrench.French.5.WilltheygotoCanadainsummer?5.WilltheygotoCanadainsummer?Theyreno
24、tsureif/whetherTheyrenotsureif/whethertheywillgototheywillgoto Canadainsummer.Canadainsummer.Theyrenotsureif/whetherTheyrenotsureif/whetherwilltheygotowilltheygoto Canadainsummer.Canadainsummer.第24页/共42页1could/would是是委委婉婉语语气气，而而不不是是过过去去式式，因因此此宾宾语语从从句句的的时时态态根根据据实实际际情情况况用用不不同同时态。时态。注意事项vCouldyouplease
25、tellmeCouldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourwhereweshowourticketstickets?vCouldyoutellusCouldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogotowhichgatewehavetogoto?vWouldyouliketoknowWouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomebackwhenhewillcomeback?第25页/共42页2.如如果果主主句句的的谓谓语语动动词词是是ask时时，连连词词不不可可能能是是that；如如果果主主句句的的谓谓语语动动词词是是say时时，连连词用词
26、用thatvShesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.vHesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.vHeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.vYoumayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.第26页/共42页3.当当doubt,doubtful用用于于肯肯定定句句时时，后后面面的的名名词词性性从从句句连连接接词词常常用用whether或或if;当当doubt,doubtful用用于于否否定定句句时时，后后面面的的名名词词性从句的连接词
27、用性从句的连接词用that。I doubt if/whether he is at home.We dont doubt that they can complete the task ahead of time.第27页/共42页4.当当besure引引导导主主句句是是肯肯定定句句时时，后后面面的的名名词词性性从从句句的的连连接接词词常常用用that;当当besure引引导导的的主主句句是是否否定定句句时时，后后面面的的名名词词性性从从句句的的连接词常用连接词常用whether或或if。We are sure that he will be successful soon.The old m
28、an didnt seem to be sure whether/if he had met me.第28页/共42页5.介词后宾语从句的注意事项：介词后宾语从句的注意事项：一般情况下介词后只能用一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导的类连接词引导的宾语从句。宾语从句。I am surprised at what he said.介词后如果接介词后如果接that从句，要先加上从句，要先加上it,再加再加that从句，即从句，即“介词介词+it+that”结构。结构。You may depend on it that they will support you.(that不能省略不能省略)介词
29、介词except,but,besides及及in后可接后可接that从句。从句。I know nothing about him except that he lives here.(that不能省略不能省略)第29页/共42页7.只能使用只能使用whether而不能使用而不能使用if的几种情况：的几种情况：介词介词后宾语从句用后宾语从句用whether,不用不用if.whether 引导表语从句和同位语从句，而引导表语从句和同位语从句，而if则不能。则不能。whether后可以加后可以加or not,但是但是if不可以不可以.在不定式前只能用在不定式前只能用whether.（如：（如：I c
30、ant decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。）我不能决定是否留下。）discuss后宾语从句用后宾语从句用whether不用不用if。第30页/共42页6.在在suggest,demand,order,insist等等动动词词之之后后的的宾宾语语从从句句中中用用虚虚拟拟语语气气，即即“(should+)动词原形动词原形”。He suggested that we(should)set about doing the work at once.I insist that she(should)do her work alone.The leader ordered
31、that the army(should)set off at once.第31页/共42页主句主句主句主句从句从句从句从句一般将来时态一般将来时态一般将来时态一般将来时态 一般现在时态一般现在时态一般现在时态一般现在时态祈使句祈使句祈使句祈使句含有情态动词含有情态动词含有情态动词含有情态动词DoDoyouyouknowknowifif_back_backnextnextweekweek?IfIfhehe_back,pleaseletmeknow.back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comesA.hecomes,willcom
32、eB.willhecome,comesC.hewillcome,comesD.hewillcome,willcomeC.hewillcome,comesD.hewillcome,willcome 7.7.连词连词连词连词 ifif和和和和 whenwhen在不同从句中的区别：在不同从句中的区别：在不同从句中的区别：在不同从句中的区别：Idontknowwhenhe_(come).Icantwaithereanymore.Whenhe_(come),wouldyoupleaseaskhimtocallme?willcomecomes第32页/共42页8.8.连词连词+宾语从句宾语从句 连词连词+
33、to do+to dovIdontknowwhatIshalldonext.Idontknowwhattodonext.vShedidntdecidewhichoneshewouldchoose.Shedidntdecidewhichonetochoose.vPleasetellmewhomyoullgivetheletterto.Pleasetellmewhomtogivetheletterto.第33页/共42页9.9.有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加it it这类动词主要有这类动词主要有:like,hate,take,owe,have,see:
34、like,hate,take,owe,have,see to.to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine,you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时,一定要使汽车的离合器处于
35、空挡位置.第34页/共42页10.10.宾语从句的宾语从句的否定转移否定转移主句的谓语动词是主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guesssuppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致一般与宾语从句一致.I dont think he will com
36、e to my party.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?第35页/共42页11.11.宾语从句宾语从句不可以省略引导词不可以省略引导词thatthat的情况的情况当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时此时第一个第一个thatthat可以省略可以省略,第二个第二个thatthat不可以省略。不可以省略。exceptexcept（介词）后面宾语从句中（介词）后面宾语从句中thatthat不可以省略。不可以省略。宾语从句紧接在间接宾语后时，从句中的宾语从句紧接在间接宾语后时，从句中的that
37、that不可不可以省略。以省略。it it作形式宾语，宾补后宾语从句中的作形式宾语，宾补后宾语从句中的thatthat不省略。不省略。I believe(that)youve done your best and that things will improve.The teacher advised us that we should pay more attention to reading and writing.We all believed it true that Mr.Smith wasnt a thief.第36页/共42页1.The shocking news made me
38、 realize _ terrible problems we would face.A.what B.how C.that D.why2.Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.A.why B.how C.what D.which宾语从句专项练习题第37页/共42页3.Weve offered her the job,but I dont know _ shell accept it.A.where B.what C.whether D.which4.Befo
39、re the sales start,I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.A.why B.what C.how D.which宾语从句专项练习题第38页/共42页5.-I wonder _ youll water this kind of flower.-Every other day.A.how often B.how long C.how soon D.how much6.Men usually go straight to _ they want and leave quickly when shoppin
40、g.A.what B.which C.where D.that宾语从句专项练习题第39页/共42页7.We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.A.that B.which C.what D.where8.I want to be liked and loved for _ I am inside.A.who B.where C.what D.how宾语从句专项练习题第40页/共42页9.Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew _ she was so angry.A.where B.whether C.that D.why10.How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with,whether his friends or relatives.A.what B.who C.how D.why宾语从句专项练习题第41页/共42页谢谢您的观看！第42页/共42页