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1、精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载宾语从句英语语法宾语从句 一在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句是中学英语 中最重要的一种从句,它内容完整,句型结构较为复杂,主句和从句时态搭配要求严格,在中考试题 中频频显现。而且学好宾语从句也 可为到高中学习间接引语、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句打下良好的基础。宾语从句常由that 引导 ,在口语中常省略。当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时,从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的影响,按需要可以使用任何时态。如:She says that she works from M
2、onday to Friday.她说她从周一至周五上班。从句是一般现在时 She says that she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。 从句是一般将来时 She says that she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。从句是现在完成时当主句谓语是过去时态,从句中的时态一般用表示过去的某种时态。如:He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。从句是一般过去时 He said that he
3、was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。从句是过去将来时 He said that they were having a meeting at that time.他说他们那时正在开会。从句是过去进行时当主句谓语是过去时态,而宾语从句表达某一客观真理事实 时 ,宾语从句的时态就用一般现在时。如 :The teacher told usthat nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.老师 告知我们世上无难事只怕有心人。She said that her father is tw
4、enty-eightyears older than her. 她说她父亲比她大二十八岁He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光传播比声音传播快得多。宾语从句 二由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。引出名词性从句的连词 whether 和 if, 在引出宾语从句时 ,用法和意义相同。 但是只能引出宾语从句和不在句首的主语从句 ,而 whether 除了引出宾语从句外 ,仍可引出主语从句、 表语从句和同位语从句。例如 :We dont know whether if it is right.我们不知道它是否正确。he questi
5、on is whether she should do that.问题在于她是否应当做那件事。Whether it is true remains a question.是真是假仍是个问题。试比较 :当 if 从句处在主句之后作“是否 ”讲时 ,引出的是宾语从句。例如:I dont know if it is true.我不知道这事是否真实。当 if 从句在主句之前作“假如 ”讲,就引出状语从句。例如:I shall go there if I have time.假如我有时间 ,我将到那儿去。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - -
6、- -第 1 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载中学英语宾语从句小结一、当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用 that 引导 ,that 无词义 ,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结She said that she would leave the message on the headmasters desk她.说她会把留言条放在校长桌子上。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结He s
7、aid that he could finish his work before supper. 他说他会在晚饭前完成工作二、当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用 if 或 whether 引导 ,意为 “是否 ”。如 :Alice wanted to know if/whether her grandmother liked the bag.爱丽斯想知道她祖母是否喜爱这个包。I dont know whether hell come the day after tomorrow.我不知道他后天是否会来但直接与or not 连用时 ,往往用 whetherifor not也可以使用 。如 :Let
8、 me know whether / if he will come or not.= Let me know whether or not he will come 让我知道他是否能来。I dont know whether / if he does any washing or not.= I dont know whether or not he does any washing. 我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether we go. 我想知道我们是去仍是留。 三、假如宾语从句原先是特别疑问句,只需用原先的疑问词引导。如:Coul
9、d you tell me where we will have the meeting this afternoon.你能告知我我们今日下午将在哪儿开会吗.I dont know who bought the present for me. Is it Jack.我不知道谁给我买了礼物。是杰克吗.下面的表格可以帮忙大家懂得这一部分内容句式连 词 语 序 陈述句 that不变一般疑问句If/whether改为陈述语序特别疑问句 特别疑问词 改为陈述语序宾语从句的时态问题主句一般现在时态一般过去时态从句保留原先时态改为过去的某个时态客观事实和自然现象除外所谓过去的某个时态指的是如下的变化一般现在
10、时态一般过去时态可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载现在进行时态过去进行时态was/were doing现在完成时态过去完成时态had +过去分词 一般将来时态过去将来时态would do;was/were going to do宾语从句使用 -四留意我们在学习和运用宾语从句时,应当留意以下四点:一、引导词的使用1. 当宾语从
11、句由陈述句变化而来时,用 that 来引导从句 ,that 常无详细意义 ,一般可省略。例如: Lin Tao thoughtthatthe TV play was very boring.2. 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时,要用 if 或 whether 来引导从句。例如:David asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night.3. 当宾语从句是由特别疑问句变化而来时,原句中的疑问词充当连接代词如 who, whose, what,which 或连接副词 如 when, where, why, how, 引导
12、宾语从句。例如: Do you know what we can do on the island.I don t know why Jane was late for school this morning.二、语序的陈述化宾语从句一般要用陈述句语序。例如:When did he leave. I want to know. I want to know when he left.Does the shop close at six every day. Do you know. Do you know if/ whether the shop closes at six every day
13、.三、时态的呼应1. 假如主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,宾语从句可依据情形使用各种时态。例如: I hear she is here todayshe was here yesterday/ she will be here tomorrow.2. 假如主句是一般过去时,宾语从句应使用过去时态的某种形式。例如:He said he was watching TVhe had swept the floor/ he would play football after school。3. 如宾语从句所表达的是客观事实、自然现象或 科学真理等 ,从句不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。例如
14、:Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.四、否定转移当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, suppose 等动词 ,且主语为第一人称时,从句的否定要转移到主句上。例如 :可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载I don t believe h
15、e is here on time, is he.I don t think Tom is the best student in his class, is he.宾语从句要点盘点一、宾语从句的语序必需是陈述语序。如:Do you know why winter is colder than summer.你知道为什么冬季比夏季冷吗二、宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应。主句是现在或将来时态时,从句可用任何所需要的时态。主句是过去时态时,从句要用表示过去的相应的时态。但假如从句中有明确表示过去的时间状语,就从句应用一般过去时,不用过去完成时。如从句表达的是客观规律或真理时,用一般现在时。如:He
16、 said he had finished his studies when the war broke out.他说战争爆发时,他已经完成了学业。He said he would spend his holiday in Dalian.他说他将在大连度假。She said that the earth moves around the sun.她说的球环绕太阳转。三、如宾语从句有自己的宾语补足语,就用 it 作形式宾语, 而把宾语从句后置。其句型为: “主语+ 谓语 +it+补足语 + 宾语从句 ”。如:We think it important that we should master
17、at least one foreign language.我们认为把握至少一门外语是重要的。留意:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载(1) 连词 that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在except,but和 in 等少数几个介词后。其它一些介词的宾语从句如由连词that引导,就需用it 先行一步,作形式宾语。如:
18、He is a good student except that he is careless.他是个好同学,只不过有点马虎。See to it that children don t catch cold.当心孩子别感冒了。(2) that引导表语从句时,在句中无词义,只起连接作用,但不行省去。His idea is that we should go there at once.他主见我们立刻去那儿。四、连词whether可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,不行省。if 引导宾语从句。(1) 宾语从句是确定句时,whether,if可互换。 但 whether常和 or not连用, 宾语
19、从句是否定句时,一般用if 引导。如:I don t know if/whether I should tell you.不知我是否应告知你。I wonder whether it is true or not.不知这是不是真的。I don t care if it doesn t rain.天下不下雨我不会在乎。(2) 作介词宾语时,只能用whether,不能用 if 。如:Everything depends on whether we have enough experience.一切都取决于我们是否有足够的体会。五、 that引导宾语从句时不行省的几种情形:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎
20、下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载1. that宾语从句的状语部分位于从句前部时。I promised that if anyone could set me free,I would make him king over the earth.我曾许诺假如有人把我放了,我就让他成为全世界的国王。2. 当主句的状语部分位于that宾语从句前时。Abrah
21、am Lincoln later said himself that he only went to school a little now and a littlethen.亚伯拉罕 林肯自己后来说他只不过是时断时续的接受训练。3. 主句的谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时。When he got to England,he found,however,that his English was too limited.然而当他到英国时,他发觉他的英语很有限。4. 当一个谓语动词带两个或两个以上的that引导的宾语从句时。Then he said that French was the most
22、 beautiful tongue in the world,and that we must keep it among us and never forget it.他说,法语是世界上最美的语言,我们必需坚持说法语,永久也不要遗忘它。5. 宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时。I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳
23、总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载我决不能告知任何人我看不到那布。6. 宾语从句的主语是this/that,或用 this/that修饰主语时。He said that that was a good idea.他说那是个好想法。7. 在直接引语中,主句和宾语从句被隔开时。“Im sorry to tell you,”he said,“that you didn t watch carefully enough what I did.” 我很遗憾的告知大家,你们没有认真观看我所做的一切。8. 宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时。The old lady then explained that what she was looking for was a pair of gloves for agirl.那位老太太说明说她在为一个女孩找一双手套。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载