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1、一.相关概念1.名词名词：表示人或事物的名称的词：表示人或事物的名称的词2.名词的句法作用名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作：名词在句中主要作主语主语,宾语宾语,表语和同位语表语和同位语。另外还可以。另外还可以作作定语定语,状语状语。3.名词性从句名词性从句：在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的充当的主主语语、宾语宾语、表语表语和和同位语同位语，由，由一个句子来充当一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫这个句子就叫:名词性从句。名词性从句。1.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.2.MrsBlackwontbelievethathersonhasbecom
2、eathief.3.Myideaisthatweshoulddoitrightnow.4.Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句I名名词性从句的种类词性从句的种类名词性从句名词性从句 主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句宾语从句宾语从句同位语从句同位语从句找出下列从句找出下列从句:v1.Who will go is not important.v2.I believe that you will come on time tomorrow.v3.This is what I want.v4.Whether
3、he will come hasnt been decided.v5.The fact that he recovered from cancer moved us all.v6.What he wanted to know is the result of the test.v7.I cant decided whether I will buy the air conditional machine.v8.Its a pity that you didnt comev9.It looks as if we will be late.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句主语从句主
4、语从句同位语从句同位语从句主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句连接词有连接词有 that,if,whether 连接代词有连接代词有 who,what,whichwh-ever连接副词有连接副词有 when,where,how,why考点考点1：连接词：连接词：that与与what 的区别的区别(1)Idontknowthatheisafamousdoctor.(2)Idontunderstandwhathesaidjustnow.(3)Weshoulddowhatispossible.that只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任何
5、成分充当任何成分what既有连接作用，既有连接作用，又要在从句中作成分又要在从句中作成分主语，宾语，主语，宾语，表语表语,表示表示“的东西的东西;物物;话话;时间时间;地点地点;人物人物;数目数目”等不同概念等不同概念_1._hesaidatthemeetingmadeusangry.4.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin_wasawastelandtenyearsago.（04天津）天津）A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whereWhat2.Chinaisnolonger_itusedtobe.3.Ourteacheralwaystoldus_weshouldstu
6、dyhard.whatthat5.Afterfivehoursdrive,theyreachedwastheplacetheydbeendreamingof.6.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetatwasadangerousspeed.7.Thewayhediditwasdifferentfromwewereusedto.8._theearthisroundisknowntousall.9.Ourschoolisquitedifferentfrom_itwasbefore.whatwhat whatThatwhat考点考点2：用：用if
7、或或whether填空填空v1.Idontknow_Illbefreetomorrow.v2.Idontknow_ornotIllbefreetomorrow.v3.Thequestionis_thisbookisworthwriting.v4.Itdependson_wewillhaveenoughmoney.v5._theycandoitmatterslittletous.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherv1._youarenotfreetomorrow,Illgowithoutyou.v2.Sendmeatelegramyouaretocome
8、.a.主语从句主语从句(句首）、表语从句、同位语从句首）、表语从句、同位语从句、句、介词介词后面的宾语从句只能用后面的宾语从句只能用whether，不能用不能用if；b.后面紧跟后面紧跟ornot时时,用用whether，不用，不用ifIfif归纳归纳:名词性从句中只能用名词性从句中只能用whether的情况的情况1._the2016OlympicGameswillbeheldinChinaisnotknownyet.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That2._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.T
9、hatD.Where高考题选萃高考题选萃考点考点3.选择填空选择填空（what,whatever,who,whoever)v1._wassaidheremustbekeptsecret.v2._weneedismoretime.v3._madethelongdistancecalltohimisnotimportant.v4._breaksthelawwillbepunished.WhateverWhatWhoWhoeverv_指具体的人或物指具体的人或物,有有特定的范围。特定的范围。v _等表示任何一个等表示任何一个人或物人或物,无范围可言，语气比无范围可言，语气比who/who/whatw
10、hat等强烈得多，相当于等强烈得多，相当于anyone anyone who/anything thatwho/anything that请你归纳请你归纳who,whoever/what,whatever?whoever,whateverwho/what 1._ you choose as your wife has nothing to do with me.A.Whatever B.Whoever C.Whomever D.Whichever 2._ breaks the law should be punished.3.There is no doubt that anyone _ do
11、esnt give in to difficulties will be successful at last.Its only a matter of time.C Whoeverwho1._hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.(99)A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever高考题选萃高考题选萃2.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof_sharesherinterests.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho 3.Thesewildflowersareso
12、special,Iwoulddo_Icantosavethem.A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever4.It is generally consideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.（NMET97）A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever5._leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.（MET88）A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who考点考点4:what(什么什么)/which(表表选择选择,哪一个哪一个)1.-Do
13、youknow_MrBlacksaddressis?-HemayliveatNo.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.Imnotsureof_.2.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter_itwas?whatwhichwhich1.他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。_isapity.2.他来不来不重要。他来不来不重要。_doesntmatter.ItdoesntmatterwhetherThathemadesuchamistakeItisapitythat考点考点：it作形式主语作形式主语,形式宾语的用法形式宾语的
14、用法 it 作形式主语作形式主语WhetherhewillcomeornotCan you understand them?Itisknown/reported/thought/saidthatItisclear/necessary/certain/truethatItisapity/ashame/anhonorthatItdoesntmatterwhetherItseemsthatIthappensthat1.ThisistruethatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(改错）改错）2.Itworriedherabit_herh
15、airwasturninggray.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for3.大学生应该掌握一门外语，这是必要的。大学生应该掌握一门外语，这是必要的。Itisnecessarythat_.collegestudentsshouldmasteraforeignlanguage._It It is necessary/important/natural/strange that sb.should do(从句用虚拟语气从句用虚拟语气)*(2)it指代后面从句所叙述的内容，指代后面从句所叙述的内容，常用于这些动词后，常用于这些动词后，like/dislike/love/hate/appreci
16、ate/make后常后常跟跟if或或when从句从句 it 作形式宾语作形式宾语*(1)make/find/feel/consider/thinkit+adj/n+that/todoIhateitwhenpeoplelaughatthedisabled.1.Ivegottomakeclearthathetoldalie.(改错）改错）2.Ilike_intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(2004NMET)A.thisB.thatC.itD.one3.他发现很难使别人理解他他发现很难使别人理解他.Hefound_.4.我认为我们保持冷静很重要我认为
17、我们保持冷静很重要.Ithink_.ititdifficulttomakehimselfunderstood.ititimportantthatweshouldkeepcalm.考点考点1：连接词：连接词：that与与what 的选用的选用that只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当充当任何成分任何成分，引导宾语从句可以省略，引导，引导宾语从句可以省略，引导主语从主语从句，表语从语，同位语从句句，表语从语，同位语从句不能省不能省考点考点:what/which的选用的选用what 既有连接作用，既有连接作用，又要在从句中作成分又要在从句中作成分 主语，宾语，主语，
18、宾语，表语表语,表示表示“的东西的东西;物物;话话;时间时间;地点地点;人物人物;数目数目”等不同概念等不同概念What：表表“什么什么”which：表：表“选择选择,哪一个哪一个”,有一定的范围有一定的范围考点考点3:whether/if 的选用的选用1.引导宾语从句时两者可以换用引导宾语从句时两者可以换用2.只使用的只使用的whether的情况的情况a.主语从句主语从句(句首）、表语从句、同位语从句首）、表语从句、同位语从 句、句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether，不能用不能用if；b.后面紧跟后面紧跟 or not 时时,用用whether，不用，不用if
19、c.discuss 后的宾语从句只能用后的宾语从句只能用whether注：注：If 引导引导条件状语从句条件状语从句可放句首可放句首考点：考点：who,whoever/what,whateverv_指具体的人或物指具体的人或物,有特定的范围。有特定的范围。v _等表示任何一个人或物等表示任何一个人或物,无范围可言，语气比无范围可言，语气比who/whatwho/what等强烈得多，相等强烈得多，相当于当于anyone who/anything thatanyone who/anything thatwho/whatwhoever,whatever考点考点：it作形式主语作形式主语,形式宾语的用
20、法形式宾语的用法1.it 作形式主语作形式主语a.It+be+V-ed+thatb.It+be+adj.+thatc.It+be+n.+thatd.It+vi.+thatIt is known/reported/thought/said thatIt is clear/necessary/certain/true thatIt is a pity/a shame/an honor thatIt seems/happens/appears that另：另：It doesnt matter whether it 作形式宾语作形式宾语(1)主语主语make/find/feel/consider/th
21、inkit+adj./n.+that/todo(2)it指代后面从句所叙述的内容，指代后面从句所叙述的内容，常用于这常用于这些动词些动词like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make后，后，后常跟后常跟if或或when从句从句如：如：Ihateitwhenpeoplelaughatthedisabled.考点考点 语序问题语序问题1.The photographs will show you_A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howou
22、rvillagelookslike名词性从句一般用名词性从句一般用陈述语序陈述语序v2.Youcanhardlyimagine_whenheheardthenews.vA.howhewasexcitedvB.howwasheexcitedvC.howexcitedhewasvD.hewashowexcited3.Heasked_foraviolin.（MET92）A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaidv一、主语从句典型错误一、主语从句典型错误v1：Thatshewantstoknowiswhichdressshe
23、shouldbuy.v2:Hewillgiveuphisjobsurprisesallofus.v3:Nomatterwhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.v4:Ifthemeetingwillbeheldinourschoolisnotknownyet.v5:Thatworriedherabitwasthathecouldntgetintouchwithherfriend.v6:HeissaidhehasgonetoAmerica._WhatThat he_Whoever_Whether_WhatIt is said that _二、宾语从句典型错误二、宾语从句典型错误
24、1.Ibelievethattheteacherwillnotconsideroursuggestions.I dont believe that the teacher will consider our suggetions否定前移的条件：否定前移的条件：主句主语为第主句主语为第一一人称人称谓语动词为谓语动词为believe,think,guess,suppose,consider,expect,imagine等表示等表示“认为，相信，猜测认为，相信，猜测”的词，宾语从句里的否定要的词，宾语从句里的否定要转移到主句上转移到主句上He thouht I wouldnt pass the ex
25、am.I didnt think he would pass the exam.TT2.He always thinks of how he can do well.3.She was praised for what had she done.4.He wants to know I still study English.5.I am interested in if he can do it in such a short time.6.It is generally considered unwise to give a child no matter what he or she w
26、ants.it_ she had whether/if_whether_whatever三三.表语从句典型错误：表语从句典型错误：1：ThereasonwhyIwaslatewasbecauseImissedthetrain.2:-Irangyouataboutten,butthereisnoreply.-Oh,thatwasprobablywhyIwasseeingthedoctor.3:Thedifficultwenowmeetwithisifwecanpersuadehimtotellthetruth._that_because_whether例如例如:今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人
27、太多今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.1.The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road.2.He was late this morning.That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road3.There was a lot of traffic on the road.That was why he was late for school.The reason why he was late thi
28、s morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road.注意点注意点1).1).表语从句一律用陈述句的语序表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2).2).表语从句的引导词表语从句的引导词thatthat无实际意义无实际意义,但但不能省略不能省略.3).3).表语从句只能用表语从句只能用whetherwhether,而不能用而不能用if if 引导引导.4).4).不要不要使用使用 The reason The reason is is because because 句型句型,应使用应使用 The reasonThe reaso
29、n is is thatthat 或或 This/it/that/is This/it/that/is because/why because/why 等句型等句型.1._ wallet was stolen must be made clear.2._ made the school proud was _ more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities.3.Here are all the books I have.You may borrow _ you like.4.Elephants have th
30、eir own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth.5._ these young men lose is much more important than _ they get.6._ he can climb so high is still a mystery.WhatthatwhicheverwhetherWhatwhatHow/WhyWhose四四.同位语从句同位语从句同同位位语语从从句句一一般般跟跟在在抽抽象象名名词词fact,news,promise,truth,belief,thought
31、,idea,answer,information,knowledge,doubt,hope,law,opinion,plan,suggestion后后面面,用以说明或解释前面的名词的内容用以说明或解释前面的名词的内容.1.Thesuggestionthat he should not go thereisofgreatvalue.2.Thesuggestionthat he madeisofgreatvalue.3.Thefactthat he won the first placecantbedenied.4.Thefactthat he told meexcitedme.同位语从句同位语从
32、句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句主语从句、同位语从句、定语从句的区别主语从句、同位语从句、定语从句的区别Thatshedidbestintheexampleasedherparents.Thenewsthatourteamwonthefirstprizeexcitedallofus.Thenewsthatweknowfromherexcitedallofus.解释说明；解释说明；that在从句中不充当任何成分在从句中不充当任何成分修饰限定；修饰限定；that在从句中有成分在从句中有成分主语从句同位语从句定语从句注注:1.1.同位语从句多用同位语从句多用that 引导引导2
33、.在在have no idea 之之后后常常用用wh-引引导导同同位语从句位语从句,也可用也可用that引导引导.I have no idea where he hasgone.Ihavenoideawhenhedidit.Ihavenoideawhathedid.1.Ihavenoideathatyouwerehere.2.Shealwaysasksherselfthequestionwhatshewillbe.3.Therecanbenodoubtthatsheisqualifiedforthejob.4.WordcamethatChinahaswonanothergoldmedalint
34、heOlympicGamesbeingheldinAthens,Greece.（4 4）whenwhen和和wherewhere引导的同位语从引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。句与定语从句的区别。when when 和和wherewhere前面的名词若是表示时间、前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则地点的名词，则whenwhen和和wherewhere引导引导的是的是定语从句定语从句，否则则为同位语从，否则则为同位语从句。如：句。如：They put forward the question They put forward the question where they could get
35、 the where they could get the moneymoney.This is the place This is the place where the where the accident happened.accident happened.vWordcamethat-vNewscamethat-vRumorcamethat-vAstorygoesthat-2005年高考各省市试题年高考各省市试题1.I was surprised by her words,which made me recognize _silly mistakes I had made.(湖南湖南)
36、A.what B.that C.how D.which2.Do you have any idea _ is actually going on In the classroom?(辽宁辽宁)A.that B.what C.as D.which3.The way he did it was different _ we were used to.(江西江西)A.in which B.in what C.from what D.from which4._ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password o
37、f your e-mail account.(上海上海)A.What is required B.What requires C.It is required D.It requires5.The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough.(山东山东)A.where B.how C.what D.which6.Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found.(广东广东)A.which B.that
38、C.what D.whether 7.Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.(浙江浙江)A.who B.that C.as D.which8.Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game.(全国卷全国卷)A.why B.what C.who D.that9.The old ladys hand shook frequently.She explained to her doctor _ this shakin
39、g had begun half a year before,and _,only because of this,she had been forced to give up her job.(重庆重庆)A.when;how B.how;when C.how;how D.why;why10.Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth.(天津天津)A./B.whether C.how D.what11.The poor young man is ready to
40、accept _ help he can get.(全国卷全国卷)A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whenever 12._ these young men lose is much more important than _ they get.A.What;what B.What;that C.That;what D.That;that 今天上了一节英语课。课堂上我和其他今天上了一节英语课。课堂上我和其他同学讲话。因此，老师讲的我没有听明同学讲话。因此，老师讲的我没有听明白。我问李明怎么做老师布置的习题。白。我问李明怎么做老师布置的习题。李明告诉了我怎么
41、做。但我仍不明白为李明告诉了我怎么做。但我仍不明白为什么要这样做，最后老师告诉了我。他什么要这样做，最后老师告诉了我。他对我说我不会做是因为我没有认真听讲。对我说我不会做是因为我没有认真听讲。我很内疚，决心认真听讲、学好英语。我很内疚，决心认真听讲、学好英语。另外，我得到一个消息，我的数学考试另外，我得到一个消息，我的数学考试得了得了100分。分。Today I had an English class.I didnt understand what the teacher said because I talked with other students in the class and d
42、idnt listen to the teacher attentively.I asked li ming How I could do the exercise that the teacher assigned.Although Li Ming told me how to do it,I still cant do it myself.At last the teacher told me.He said that I could not do the exercise because I didnt listen to him carefully.I felt verysorry,a
43、nd determined to listen to the teacher with care to learn English well.Besides,I got the news that I had got 100 marks in the maths exam.1)Ithink(that)womencanreachvery2)highachievementsinmanyfieldsofscience.2)Iwonderwhether/ifsherememberedhowmanybabiesshehaddelivered.3)Doyouknowwho/whomJackwasspeakingto?4)Heaskedwhosecaritwas.5)Payattentiontowhatthedoctorsaid.6)Pleasetellmewhentheearthquaketookplace.7)WillyoutellmehowIcankeepfitandhealthy?8）Thats where I cant agree with you.9）This is why Sara was late for the meeting.10）This is how they overcome the difficulties.