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1、一.相关概念1.名词名词：表示人或事物的名称的词：表示人或事物的名称的词2.名词的句法作用名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作：名词在句中主要作主语主语,宾语宾语,表语和同位语表语和同位语。另外还可以。另外还可以作作定语定语,状语状语。3.名词性从句名词性从句：在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的充当的主主语语、宾语宾语、表语表语和和同位语同位语，由，由一个句子来充当一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫这个句子就叫:名词性从句。名词性从句。1.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.2.MrsBlackwontbelievethathersonhasbecom
2、eathief.3.Myideaisthatweshoulddoitrightnow.4.Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句I名名词性从句的种类词性从句的种类二二.连接词连接词,连接代词连接代词,连接副词连接副词1.he ishasnothingtodowithyou.2.ticket this ishasnotbeenfoundout.3._wellstarttomorrowwillbetoldsoon.4._we can buy oxen is something weneedtofindout
3、.5._hecamehereisnotknown.WhatWhoseWhenWhereHow/When6._wecanprotectthegrainfromdampneedstobediscussed.7._hellgotoseehisgrandmotherdependsonthetimehecanspare.HowHowsoon8.Itisclearisafraidofhavingachangeinlandownership.9._bagitiscannotbetold.10._Indianeedsisalawtomakelandownershipfairer.whoWhoseWhat11.
4、It is not yet decided _cash crop will beproducednextyear.12._hesaidwasright.13._gotheremustgetreadyby6oclock.whichWhateverWhoever14.hehasdonesuchathingIcantbelieve.That15.Iaminterestedinhecandoitinsuchashorttime.whether1._hesaidsomadeusangry._hesaidatthemeetingmadeusangry.2.Acomputercanonlydo_youhav
5、einstructedittodo.（01全国）全国）3.中国不再是过去的样子了。中国不再是过去的样子了。4.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin_wasawastelandtenyearsago.（04天津）天津）A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whereThatWhatChinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.what考点考点1：连接词：连接词：that与与what 的区别的区别Whatwecantgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.That(anewteacherwillcometoourschool)istrue.that
6、只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任何成分充当任何成分what既有连接作用，既有连接作用，又要在从句中作成分又要在从句中作成分（主语，宾语，主语，宾语，表语）表语）(的东西的东西;物物;话话;时间时间;地点地点;人物人物;数目等不同概念数目等不同概念)1.Afterfivehoursdrive,theyreachedwastheplacetheydbeendreamingof.2.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetatwasadangerousspeed.3.Thewayhediditwasdiffere
7、ntfromwewereusedto.4._theearthisroundisknowntousall.5.Ourschoolisquitedifferentfrom_itwasbefore.6.Fathermadeapromise_ifIpassedtheexaminationhewouldbuymeacomputer.whatwhat whatThatwhatthatB:what(什么什么)/which(表选择表选择,哪一个哪一个)1.-Doyouknow_MrBlacksaddressis?-HemayliveatNo.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.Imnotsureo
8、f_.2.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter_itwas?（01北京春季）北京春季）whatwhichwhich1）_youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.（1992)A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether 高考题选萃高考题选萃2)_hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.(93)A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter3)Theresafeelinginme_wellneverknowwhataUFOis-notever.(20
9、02）A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what考点考点2.用用if或或whether填空填空v1.Idontknow_Illbefreetomorrow.v2.Idontknow_ornotIllbefreetomorrow.v3.Thequestionis_thisvbookisworthwriting.v4.Sendmeatelegramyouaretocome.whether/ifwhetherwhetherifv5.Itdependson_wewillhaveenoughmoney.v6._theycandoitmatterslittletous.v7._youaren
10、otfreetomorrow,Illgowithoutyou.a.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether，不能用不能用if；b.后面紧跟后面紧跟ornot时时,用用whetherwhetherWhetherIf1._the2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That2._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Wh
11、ere高考题选萃高考题选萃考点3.选择填空（what,whatever,who,whoever)v1._wassaidheremustbekeptsecret.v2._weneedismoretime.v3._madethelongdistancecalltohimisnotimportant.v4._breaksthelawwillbepunished.WhateverWhatWhoWhoeverv _等引导的等引导的名词性从句名词性从句不含有疑问意义不含有疑问意义，相，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而当于名词后加一个定语从句，而v_等引导的等引导的名词性从句都名词性从句都含有疑问意义含有疑问
12、意义。请你归纳请你归纳who,whoever/what,whatever?whoever,whateverWho,what5._ you choose as your wife has nothing to do with me.6._ breaks the law should be punished.7.There is no doubt that anyone _ doesnt give in to difficulties will be successful at last.Its only a matter of time.WhomeverWhoeverwho1._hashelpe
13、dtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.(99)A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever高考题选萃高考题选萃2.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof_sharesherinterests.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho 3.Thesewildflowersaresospecial,Iwoulddo_Icantosavethem.A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever4.It is generally consideredunwisetogiv
14、eachild_heorshewants.（NMET97）A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever5._leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.（MET88）A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who1.他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。_isapity.2.他来不来不重要。他来不来不重要。_doesntmatter.ItdoesntmatterwhetherThathemadesuchamistakeItisapitythat考点考点：it作形式主语作形式主语,形式
15、宾语的用法形式宾语的用法 it 作形式主语作形式主语WhetherhewillcomeornotCan you understand them?Itiswellknown/reported/thought/saidthatItisclear/necessary/certain/truethatItisapity/ashame/anhonorthatItdoesntmatterwhetherItseemsthatIthappensthat1.ThisisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.2.Itworriedhera
16、bit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for3.大学生应该掌握一门外语，这是必要的。大学生应该掌握一门外语，这是必要的。Itisnecessarythat_.collegestudentsshouldmasteraforeignlanguage._It It is necessary/important/natural/strange-that sb.should do-*(2)it指代后面从句所叙述的内容，指代后面从句所叙述的内容，常用于这些动词后，常用于这些动词后，like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/mak
17、e后常后常跟跟if或或when从句从句 it 作形式宾语作形式宾语*(1)make/find/feel/consider/thinkit+adj/n+that/todoIhateitwhenpeoplelaughatthedisabled.1.Ivegottomakeclearthathetoldalie.2.Ilike_intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(2004NMET)A.thisB.thatC.itD.one3.他发现很难使别人理解他他发现很难使别人理解他.Hefound_.4.我认为我们保持冷静很重要我认为我们保持冷静很重要.Ithi
18、nk_.ititdifficulttomakehimselfunderstood.ititimportantthatweshouldkeepcalm.考点考点5 5 语序问题语序问题1.The photographs will show you_（MET89）A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslikev2.Youcanhardlyimagine_whenheheardthenews.vA.howhewasexcitedvB.how
19、washeexcitedvC.howexcitedhewasvD.hewashowexcited3.Heasked_foraviolin.（MET92）A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaidv一、主语从句典型错误一、主语从句典型错误v1：Thatshewantstoknowiswhichdresssheshouldbuy.v2:Hewillgiveuphisjobsurprisesallofus.v3:Nomatterwhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.v4:Ifthemeetingwil
20、lbeheldinourschoolisnotknownyet.v5:Thatworriedherabitwasthathecouldntgetintouchwithherfriend.v6:HeissaidhehasgonetoAmerica.二、宾语从句典型错误二、宾语从句典型错误1.Ibelievethattheteacherwillnotconsideroursuggestions.2.Healwaysthinksofhowhecandowell.3.Shewaspraisedforwhathadshedone.4.HewantstoknowIstillstudyEnglish.5.I
21、aminterestedinifhecandoitinsuchashorttime.6.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildnomatterwhatheorshewants.三三.表语从句典型错误：表语从句典型错误：1：ThereasonwhyIwaslatewasbecauseImissedthetrain.2:-Irangyouataboutten,butthereisnoreply.-Oh,thatwasprobablywhyIwasseeingthedoctor.3:Thedifficultwenowmeetwithisifwecanper
22、suadehimtotellthetruth.例如例如:今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多上行人太多.1.Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisbecausethattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.2.Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisthattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.3.Hewaslatethismorning.Thatwasbecausetherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.注意点注意点1).1).表语从句
23、一律用陈述句的语序表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2).2).表语从句的引导词表语从句的引导词thatthat无实际意义无实际意义,但不能省略但不能省略.3).3).表语从句只能用表语从句只能用whetherwhether,而不能用而不能用if if 引导引导.4).4).不要不要使用使用 The reason The reason is is because because 句型句型,应使用应使用 The reasonThe reason is is thatthat 或或 This/it/that/is This/it/that/is becausebecause等句型等句型.四四.同位语从句
24、同位语从句同同位位语语从从句句一一般般跟跟在在名名词词fact,news,promise,truth,belief,thought,idea,answer,information,knowledge,doubt,hope,law,opinion,plan,suggestion后后面面,用用以以说说明或解释前面的名词的内容明或解释前面的名词的内容.1.Thesuggestionthat he should not go thereisofgreatvalue.2.Thesuggestionthat he madeisofgreatvalue.3.Thefactthat he won the fi
25、rst placecantbedenied.4.Thefactthat he told meexcitedme.主语从句、同位语从句、定语从句的区别主语从句、同位语从句、定语从句的区别Thatshedidbestintheexampleasedherparents.Thenewsthatourteamwonthefirstprizeexcitedallofus.Thenewsthatweknowfromherexcitedallofus.解释说明；解释说明；that在从句中不充当任何成分在从句中不充当任何成分修饰限定；修饰限定；that在从句中有成分在从句中有成分注注:1.1.同位语从句多用同
26、位语从句多用that 引导引导2.在在have no idea 之之后后常常用用wh-引导同位语从句引导同位语从句.I have no idea where he hasgone.Ihavenoideawhenhedidit.Ihavenoideawhathedid.1.Ihavenoideathatyouwerehere.2.Shealwaysasksherselfthequestionwhatshewillbe.3.Therecanbenodoubtthatsheisqualifiedforthejob.4.WordcamethatChinahaswonanothergoldmedalin
27、theOlympicGamesbeingheldinAthens,Greece.（4 4）whenwhen和和wherewhere引导的同位语从引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。句与定语从句的区别。when when 和和wherewhere前面的名词若是表示时间、前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则地点的名词，则whenwhen和和wherewhere引导引导的是的是定语从句定语从句，否则则为同位语从，否则则为同位语从句。如：句。如：They put forward the question They put forward the question where they could ge
28、t the where they could get the moneymoney.This is the place This is the place where the where the accident happened.accident happened.vWordcamethat-vNewscamethat-vRumorcamethat-vAstorygoesthat-今天上了一节英语课。课堂上我和其他今天上了一节英语课。课堂上我和其他同学讲话。因此，老师讲的我没有听明同学讲话。因此，老师讲的我没有听明白。我问李明怎么做老师布置的习题。白。我问李明怎么做老师布置的习题。李明告诉了
29、我怎么做。但我仍不明白为李明告诉了我怎么做。但我仍不明白为什么要这样做，最后老师告诉了我。他什么要这样做，最后老师告诉了我。他对我说我不会做是因为我没有认真听讲。对我说我不会做是因为我没有认真听讲。我很内疚，决心认真听讲、学好英语。我很内疚，决心认真听讲、学好英语。另外，我得到一个消息，我的数学考试另外，我得到一个消息，我的数学考试得了得了100分。分。Today I had an English class.I didnt understand what the teacher said because I talked with other students in the class an
30、d didnt listen to the teacher attentively.I asked li ming How I could do the exercise that the teacher assigned.Although Li Ming told me how to do it,I still cant do it myself.At last the teacher told me.He said that I could not do the exercise because I didnt listen to him carefully.I felt verysorry,and determined to listen to the teacher with care to learn English well.Besides,I got the news that I had got 100 marks in the maths exam.