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1、UintlIII. Listening InScriptM: Tell me your secret. Youre suddenly getting excellent marks in every subject, and you used to be a bottom-of -class student just like me.W: Simple enough. I read an article in a scientific journal that studying with remembering, based on recent research into the brain.
2、M: Aw, that stuffs old hat: study at the same time every day, be sure your clothes are comfortable, and make sure you have enough light, blah-blah-blah.W: Not so fast, wise guy. Im talking about principles like Mental Visualization”, creating a picture in your mind of what is to be remembered.M: Ok,
3、 that dies sound different. Id “Association“ a principle-you know, you connect what you want to remember with something youre familiar with?W: Right on!Consolidation“ is another. I review my notes right after class and consolidateor absorb-the new material into what Ive already learned.M: Youre movi
4、ng ahead fast with those principles. I swear this weekend Im going to study sixteen hours a day both Saturday and Sunday.W: Whoa, big guy. Thats not the way. Follow the principle of Distributes Practice”. Shorter study sessions distributes over several days are better.M: That system is all very well
5、 for you; youve got a good memory. But what about me? Fve got a memory like a sieve.W: Youre too modest. Theres nothing wrong with your memory. But memory is like a muscle; it needs exercise. And dont forget it.M:告诉我你的秘密。你突然得到每一学科成绩优秀,你以前是一个差等学生就像我一样。W:足够简单。我读过一篇文章，在科学杂志上,基于最近的研究对过去的回忆进入大脑的过程。M:噢，老套
6、的东西:在每天的同一时间学习，确保你的衣服是很舒适的，确保你有足够的光，等等。W:没有那么快,聪明的家伙。我谈论像“精神的可视化”的原则，创建在你的心中一个，什么是要记住的图片。M:好的，它听起来不一样。Id “联想”一个原则，你知道了,你熟悉你想要记住的东西吗？W:没错！“巩固”是另一个。我回顾我的笔记在分配实践下课之后，新材料到什么,我已经学会了。M:你用这些原则向前快速。我发誓这周末我要研究被迫一天工作十六小时两个星期六和星期天。W:哇，大个子。并不是这样。遵循以下原则”分发实践”。较短的学习分开超过几天是更好的。M:这系统是非常好，你已经有了一个良好的记忆力。可是我呢?我有一个像筛子一
7、样的记忆力。W:你太谦虚了。并没有什么错你的记忆。但记忆就像肌肉一样，它需要练习。别忘了它。While the man is wondering why the woman is suddenly Retting excellent marks, she says she read aa article on studying and remembering. It talks about principles like Mental Visualization”, that is, creating a picture in ones mind of what is to be rememb
8、ered. This reminds the man of the principle of “Association”, which means connecting what one wants to remember with something one is familiar with. Then the woman adds the principle of “Consolidation, or reviewing ones notes after class and absorbing the new material into wha one has already learne
9、d. When the man promise to study sixteen hours a day, the woman recommends the principle of “Distributed Practice”, which favors shorter study sessions distributed over several days. Finally, the woman tells the man that memory is like a muscle, and that it needs exercise.Task 2: You forget my toast
10、!ScriptAn 80-year-old couple was having problems remembering things, so they decide to go to their doctor to see what was wrong with them. They explained to the doctor about the problems they were having with their memory. After checking the couple over, the doctor told them that they were physicall
11、y okay but might need to start writing things down to help them remember. The couple thanked the doctor and left.Later that night while watching TV, the old woman said to the old man,Honey, will you please go to the kitchen and get me a dish of ice cream?Before the man left, she added,“Why dont you
12、write that down so you wont forget?“Nonsense,“ said the husband, can remember a dish of ice cream!M“Well,“ said the wife,Id like some strawberries on it. Youd better write that down because I know your memory is failing/9“Dont be silly,M replied the husband.Theree only two things: a dish of ice crea
13、m and some strawberries. I can surely remember that!With that, he rushed into the kitchen. After about twenty minutes he returned from the kitchen and handed her a plate of bacon and eggs.The wife took one look at the plate, glanced up at her husband, and said,Hey, you forget the toast!”一对80岁的夫妇是记住事
14、情有问题，所以他们决定去找他们的医生看到他们到底是怎么回事。他们,医生对解释，问题是他们都在与他们的记忆。这对夫妻检查后，医生告诉他们,他们身体都好，但可能需要开始写下事情来帮助他们记忆。这对夫妇感谢医生，离开了。那天晚上看电视的时候，老太太对老者说，“亲爱的，请你去厨房，给我一盘冰淇淋吗？”这人离开之前，她补充道，“你为什么不写下来，这样你就不会忘记呢?”“胡说,”丈夫说，“我记得一盘冰淇淋!”“好吧，”妻W兑，“我想要一些草莓。你最好写下来，因为我知道你的记忆是差的。”“别傻了，”丈夫回答说。“有只有两件事:一盘冰淇淋和一些草莓。我一定能记住!”因此,他冲进厨房。大约20分钟后，他从厨房出
15、来，递给她一盘熏肉和鸡蛋。妻子看了一眼那盘,抬头看了看她的丈夫，说，“嘿,你忘记了烤面包!”Task3: Memory-Improving TechniquesScriptThere are many techniques you can use to improve your memory. Some of them are introduced her.First and foremost, you need to stimulate your memory all the time. To put it simply, you should use your memory as much
16、 as possible. It is especially important to try to learn something new. If you work in an office, learn to dance; if you are a dancer, learn to deal with a computer, if you work with sales, and learn to play chess; if you are a programmer, learn to paint. These added activities stimulate the brain s
17、o that 11 continues to function.Older people need to pay attention to things they are dealing with. Dont try to memorize everything that catches your attention; focus on what you consider important. For example, you can take any object such as a pen and concentrate on it. Think on its various charac
18、teristics: its material, its function, its color, and so on. Dont allow any other thought to occupy your mind while you are concentrating in that pen.Another method that can be used is to relax yourself. It is impossible to remember things if you are tense or nervous.So, try holding your breath for
19、ten seconds, and then release it slowly.Association is also a powerful tool to develop your memory. For example, if you cannot remember a persons name, you can think about a special feature of his face and then link it with his mane.有许多种技术可以用来改善你的记忆力。介绍他们中的一些给了你。首先,您需要所有的时间刺激你的记忆的。说实在的，您应该使用尽可能多的记忆。
20、它是特别重要，尝试学习新的东西。如果你在办公室工作，学会跳舞;如果你是一名舞者，学会处理的计算机，如果你的工作是销售，学会下棋;如果你是一个程序员,学习绘画。添加了这些活动刺激大脑，这样还在继续发挥作用。老年人需要注意他们正在处理的事。不要试图记住每件事物，抓住你的注意力，专注于你所认为的重要。例如，你可以把任何物体，比如一个钢笔，专注于它。思考关于它的各种特点:它的材料，它的功能，它的颜色，等等。不允许任何其他想法占据你的思想，你正集中在那支笔。另一种方法,可以用来放松自己。它是不可能记住一些东西,如果你感觉紧张或者紧张。所以，试着呼吸10秒钟，然后慢慢地呼出。联想也是一个强有力的工具来开发
21、你的记忆。例如,如果你不能记住一个人的名字,你可以想一个特殊特性的，他的脸，然后把它与他链接。IV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 It slipped my mind!Amy: I sent out the invitations to the dinner party.Bill: Thafs good. Now what should we do?Amy: Weve got to plan the menu.Bill: Oh, thats right. Do you have anything in mind?Amy: I think Im going to make the c
22、hicken salad we had at the Christmas party.Remember I sled the chef for the recipe?Bill: Yeah, but did you forget that Linda doesnt eat chicken?Amy: Linda? Oh, my gosh! I forgot to invite Linda! It just slipped my mind. Shell be mad at me.Bill: Well, everyone forgets something sometimes. Its not too
23、 late yet. Ill make a phone call. Dont worry.Amy: Thanks! You see, Tm getting forgetful. I think Im getting old!Bill: Looks like you are, sweetheart艾米:我寄出请柬为晚宴。比尔:那很好。现在我们应该做些什么呢？艾米:我们必须计划菜单。比尔:噢,这是正确的。你有什么打算吗？艾米:我想我要做鸡肉色拉我们在圣诞晚会。记得我的雪橇厨师点这道菜吗？比尔:是的，但是你忘了，琳达不吃鸡肉吗？艾米:琳达?哦，我的天哪!我忘了邀请琳达!这只是我忘了。她会生我的气。比
24、尔:嗯，每个人都忘记一些有时。还为时不晚。我要打个电话。别担心。艾米:谢谢!你看，我现在变得健忘。我认为我变老了！比尔:这看起来才像你，宝贝MODEL2 I cant think of it off the top of my head.ScriptJohn: Hey, Sue. Do you know what Jacks home phone number is?Susan: I cant think of it off the top of my head. I dont have my address book on me, and I dont have my mobile phon
25、e with me, either.John: Thats too bad! Pve got to find him now. Its urgent! If I cant find him today,ril be dead!Susan: You might want to look it up in the phone book.John: Ive checked already, but it seems that hid phone number is unlisted.Susan: Maybe its under his roommates name.John: Well, I gue
26、ss so.Susan: Well, why dont you call Jone? She has his phone number.John: Fve tried, but no one answered!Susan: Maybe call his office and ask his secretary.John: Fve already tried. She wont tell me. She says its private.Susan: Oh, thats right. They usually dont release private information over the p
27、hone.John: Ifs a pity. You usually have a powerful memory, but you cant help today. Whats wrong with you? Your memory seems to be fading early.Susan: hs not my memory is fading. I do have memory for face and names, but a poor one for number and dates约翰:嘿，苏。你知道杰克家的电话号码是多少么？苏珊:我不能想出来它在我的脑子。我的电话簿不在我,我没
28、有我的移动电话，无论是。约翰:那太糟糕了。我必须找到他了。我有急事!如果我找不到他，今天，我就会死掉！苏珊:你可查一下电话簿。约翰:我已经检查了，但似乎隐藏的电话号码是不公开的。苏珊:也许这是在他的室友的名字之下。约翰:嗯,我想是这样。苏珊:嗯，你为什么不打电话给简?她有他的电话号码。约翰:我试过了，但是没有人回答！苏珊:也许给他办公室打电话，问他的秘书。约翰:我已经尝试过的。她不告诉我。她说这是私人的。苏珊:哦,这是正确的。他们通常不释放私人信息通过电话。约翰:这是一个遗憾。你通常有一个强大的记忆,但你不能帮助今天。你怎么了？你的记忆似乎已经不再是早期。苏珊:这不是我的记忆正在消退。我确实记
29、忆很好对脸和名字，但不是一个数字和日期M0DEL3 Whats wrong with your memory?ScriptBill: Hi, honey! My trip to London was wonderful.Amy: Tell me what thrilled you most.The telephone rings and Bill answers it.He hangs up.Bill: Er, where was I?Amy: You were talking about your tour in London.Bill: Oh, yeah.Amy: I bet you ha
30、d a great time.Bill: Yes, I particularly enjoyed visiting the tower of London.Amy: How did you get there? By bus or underground?Bill: Let me see.Sorry, I cant remember any more.Amy: Whats wrong with your memory?Bill: I hope its not Alzheimers disease. I dont want to forget my own name.Amy: I dont th
31、ink so. Perhaps its just temporary forgetfulness. You511 be right after a good sleep.Bill: I hope so. But as this is happening so often recently, I think I must go to see a doctor and get some pillsAmy: Its not as serous as that. Anyway, I wish you had a good memory for happy events, and a bad one f
32、or unhappy things.比尔:嗨，亲爱的!我的伦敦之旅棒极了。艾米:告诉我你激动不已。（电话响了，比尔回答它.他挂断电话。）比尔:呃，我说道哪?艾米:你谈论的是你在伦敦之旅。比尔:噢,是的。艾米:我打赌你度过了一段美好的时光。比尔:是的，我特别喜欢参观伦敦塔。艾米:你怎么去的?坐公共汽车或地铁吗？比尔:让我看看。时不起，我不记得任何更多的。艾米:你记忆遇到了什么吗？比尔:我希望这不是阿尔茨海默氏症。我不想忘记我自己的名字。艾米:我不这么认为。也许这只是临时的健忘。你需要一个良好的睡眠。比尔:我希望如此。但随着最近这种事时有发生，我想我必须去看医生，并得到一些药片艾米:它并不像药水。
33、不管怎样，我希望你有个好记性对于快乐的事件，个糟糕消息对于一个不开心的事。V. Lefs TalkScriptStudent: Professor, thank you for graining me this interview. Im Susan, a reporter from the Student Union magazine. Many students have difficultly memorizing things. Since youre an outstanding psychologist, could you give us some tips on how top
34、 improve our memory?Professor: Well, some people have better memories than others, but thats largely because they are better at creating mental images.Student: If Tm not good at creating images, what can I do?Professor: Practice helps. And the mind remembers things better if they are connected with
35、other images. For example, I you have to pick up several items at the grocery store, say, carrots, egg, bananas, and milk, you can create a picture in your mind of a giant carrot, and hanging from it, a banana.Student: Then I could have a giant milk carton pouring milk over the carrot and banana.Pro
36、fessor: Certainly. Then what would you do with the egg?Student: Hmmm. Id visualize an egg-shaped UFO flying across the sky.Professor: There you go. The more you apply the ideas, the easier it gets. Besides creating pictures, theres another technique that is very useful.Student: What is it?Professor:
37、 Establishing an association. Suppose you are looking for lost keys.Relax, and let your mind look for all the images connected with those keystheir feel, the sounds they make.Student: How will that help?Professor: You might remember the sound the keys made when you placed then in a drawer or cold to
38、uch of the keys in your jacket were you left them.Student: Oh my gosh! I have to run. Its time my English class. I see an image of my teacher staring at my empty seat in the classroom. Many thanks, Professor.Professor: Not at all, and good luck with your memory.学生:教授，谢谢你允许我这次采访。我是苏珊，一位记者，学生会杂志。许多学生记
39、忆东西有困难。因为你是一个杰出的心理学家,你能给我们提供了一些关于如何提高我们的记忆技巧？教授:嗯，有些人比其他人有更好的记忆力，但这主要是因为他们更善于创造精神意象。学生:如果我不擅长生成图片，我可以做什么呢？教授:练习帮助。思想记得事情变得更好,如果他们用其他图像。例如，我需要从几个项目在杂货店、比方说、胡萝卜、鸡蛋、香蕉、和牛奶，您可以创建一个在脑海里想象未来的一个巨大的胡萝卜，一根香蕉挂在上面,。学生:这样我就可以拥有一个巨大的牛奶纸盒牛奶倒在胡萝卜和香蕉。教授:当然。然后你会怎样用蛋？学生:嗯。我需要想象一个蛋形的UFO飞过天空。教授:就到这里吧。想法你越应用，它就会变得越容易。除了
40、创造图画，还有另一种技术是非常有用的。学生:这将如何？教授:建立一个关键。假设您正在寻找丢失的钥匙。放轻松，让你的头脑查找所有的图像与那些关键他们的感觉,他们的声音。学生:会有怎样的帮助？教授:你可能会记得那声音钥匙，当你放置然后在抽屉里或触摸到在你的外套当你离开他们。学生:噢，我的天啊!我得走了。是时候我的英语课。我看到一幅图像，我的老师盯着我在教室里空着的座位上。多谢,教授。教授:不用，好运给你的记忆。DiscussionSAMPLEA: As we just heard from the interview, the technique of associating certainly
41、important in promoting memory.B: And according to the interview, creating images helps remember things. If your shopping list includes eggs, you might visualize an egg or an egg-shaped UFO flying across.A: Another important factor in improving memory can be of interest. If you get interested in some
42、thing, you can remember it better*.B: Yeah. And if you recognize facts into meaningful groups, you can remember them better. For instance, if you want to memorize all the names of American presidents, it is not easy. If, however, you arrange them chronologically into three periods: those before Abra
43、ham Lincoln, those between Abraham Lincoln and Franklin Roosevelt, and those after, then the task will be less difficult.A: It is common sense that if you glance at something quickly, you tend to forget it quickly. If you stuffy it slowly, you can remember it better.B: Another technique is intensive
44、 practice or repeating. As a saying goes, practice makes perfect. If you repeat something again and again, you will eventually learn it by heart.A: But we should not work too hard. When we get tired, our learning efficiency declines. We need breaks so the mind can rest and absorb what has been learn
45、ed.答:我们刚刚听到从采访中，该技术将在促进记忆相当重要。B:根据采访中,生成的图片帮助记住事情。如果你的购物单包括鸡蛋，你可以想象一个鸡蛋或一个蛋形的UFO飞过。答:另一个重要因素可以改善记忆的兴趣。如果你得到什么感兴趣,你可以更清楚地记住它们。B:是的。如果你承认事实，您可以更好地记住它们。例如，如果你想记住所有美国总统的名字，并不容易。然而，如果你安排它们按时间顺序分为三个时期:那些在亚伯拉罕林肯,那些亚伯拉罕林肯和富兰克林罗斯福之间，和那些之后，然后将任务不那么困难。答:这是常识，如果你看很快某个东西一眼，你往往会很快忘了它。如果你慢慢地闷热,您可以更清楚地记住它们。B:另一种技术是
46、强化的练习和重复。俗话说，熟能生巧。如果你一次又一次的重复一些东西,你最终会记在心里。答:但我们不应该工作太努力了。当我们累了，我们的学习效率下降。我们需要休息所以心灵可以休息和吸收所掌握。VI. Further Listening and SpeakingTaskl: The Role Memory Plays in Our LifeScriptSince memory plays a significant role in our life, scrientists are increasingly interested in research on how to improver mem
47、ory, Here are some factors they believe to be important to expanding memory capacity.To begin with, you must take special care in your daily life. Food for example, is very important. Some vitamins are essential foe your memory to work properly. They are found in bread, cereal, vegetables and fruits
48、. Some experts say that synthesizes vitamins improve memory, but others have doubts about this, arguing that the studies have not confirmed they do work. Another essential factor is water. It helps to maintain the memory systems, especially in older persons. According to Dr. Roswell, lack of water in the body has an immediate and strong effect on memory; it can cause confusion and other thought difficulties. Sleep al