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1、The Passive Voice被动语态基本用法被动语态基本用法当句子的当句子的主语主语是动作的是动作的执行者执行者时，时，谓语的形式是谓语的形式是主动语态主动语态。当句子的。当句子的主语是动作的主语是动作的承受者承受者时，谓语要用时，谓语要用被动语态被动语态。被动语态由助动词。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词过去分词构成，时态通过构成，时态通过be表现出表现出来。来。1.They make shoes in that factory.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语Shoes are made (by them)in that factory.一般现在时：一般现在时：S(主语）主语）+a
2、m/is/are +过去分词过去分词His brother washes bowls every day.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)Bowls are washed by his brother every day.改为被动语态n nThey play football on Sunday.n nLucy does the homework in the evening.n nThey often use computers in class.n nWe make these machines in Beilun.n nPeople speak English as the first la
3、nguage in UK.Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beilun.English is spoken as the first language in UK.你知道这些被动句的否定句和一般疑问句吗？你知道这些被动句的否定句和一般疑问句吗？2.They bought ten computers last term Ten co
4、mputers were bought (by them)last term.2一般过去时：一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词过去分词He looked after the little baby yesterday.主谓宾(受动者)The little baby was looked afterbyhim yesterday.n nThey built the tall building last year.n nHe took good care of his little brother yesterday.n nWe cleaned our classroom just now
5、.n nThey used this room for resting.n nThey planted many trees years ago.The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.This room was used for resting by them.Many trees were planted by them years ago.
6、3.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished(by them)in ten days.3一般将来时：一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词过去分词Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)The room will be cleaned by Tom tomorrow.n nWe will have a sports meeting next week.n nChildren will take some photos in the schoolyard
7、tomorrow.n nThe headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.n nThe farmers will grow different kinds of vegetables next spring.n nUncle Wang will mend the TV set tomorrow.A sports meeting will be had by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the schoolyard tomorrow.A talk will be given
8、 by the headmaster this afternoon.Different kinds of vegetables will be grown by the farmers next spring.The TV set will be mended by Uncle Wang tomorrow.4Amy can take good care of Gina Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.4情态动词：情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词过去分词1.He can take care of the baby.2
9、.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well.5.Jim could do it yesterday.The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turned off by you.English should be learned well by them.It could be done by Jim yesterday.
10、You must hand in your compositions after class.Your compositions Your compositions must be handed inmust be handed in after class.after class.He can write a great many letters with the computer.A great many letters A great many letters can be writtencan be written with the computer by him.with the c
11、omputer by him.Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.5现在进行时：现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词 现在进行时：现在进行时：The radio is broadcasting English lessons.English lessons are being broadcast on the radio.We are painting the rooms.The rooms are being painted.I
12、 was doing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done(by me)at 8:00 last night.6过去进行时：过去进行时：S+was/were+being+过去分词过去分词过去进行时：过去进行时：Why didnt they drive there on time?Because the workers were mending the road.Because the road was being mended.This time last year we were planting trees he
13、re.Trees were being planted here this time last year.We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.7现在完成时：现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词过去分词.现在完成时：现在完成时：Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off.I have been told the sports meet might be put off.We have brought down the pr
14、ice.The price has been brought down.8 过去将来时：过去将来时：The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.The The manager manager said said the the project project would would be be completed completed by by the the end of the year.end of the year.The workers told me they would mend
15、the car as soon as possible.The The workers workers told told me me that that the the car car would would be be mended mended as as soon as possible.soon as possible.9.过去完成时：过去完成时：When I got to the theatre,I found they they had had already already sold sold outout the tickets.the tickets.When When I
16、 I got got to to the the theatre,theatre,I I found found the the tickets tickets had had already been sold out.already been sold out.The whole country was very sad at the news of his death;People People had consideredhad considered him to be a great leader.him to be a great leader.He He had been con
17、sideredhad been considered to be a great leader.to be a great leader.10:动词不定式的被动语态动词不定式的被动语态1.1.be to do-be to be done2.2.be going to do-be going to be done3.3.Be about to do-be about to be doneEg:He is to read a novel A novel is to be read by himThey are going to hold a meeting tomorrow.A meeting i
18、s going to be held tomorrow.They are about to shoot the murderer.The murderdr is about to be shot by them.被动语态中的特殊情况1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。e.g.The students listen to the teacher carefully in class.被动句：The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.e.g.They look after the ne
19、w students in the school.被动句：The new students are looked after by them in the school.2.当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补),并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”e.g.They make us do all the work.被动句：We are made to do all the work by them.e.g.We often hear her sing songs.被动句：She is often heard to sing songs by us.e.g.I saw him
20、walk to school.被动句：He was seen to walk to school by me.这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。（let，have，make，feel，see,watch,hear,notice)3.当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个是指物)，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for”。常见加to的动词有give，send,teach，write,show,pass,ask,tell常见加for的动词有make,draw,buy e.
21、g.He gives me a flower everyday.被动1 I am given a flower by him everyday.被动2 A flower is given to me by him everyday.e.g.My mother bought me a computer.被动1 I was bought a computer by my mother.被动2 A computer was bought for me by my mother.(一一)语态转换时要注意的问题语态转换时要注意的问题1.1.把把主主动动语语态态变变为为被被动动语语态态时时，其其谓谓语语动
22、动词词的的时时态态要要与与原原句句时时态态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought.(正确正确)A new computer have been bought.(错误错误)2.2.含含有有双双宾宾语语的的主主动动句句变变被被动动句句时时，可可分分别别将将其其中中的的一一个个宾宾语语变变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。My uncle gave me a pres
23、ent on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.如如果果把把直直接接宾宾语语(指指物物)改改为为主主语语，则则在在间间接接宾宾语语(指指人人)前前加加适适当的介词，如上句还可以说：当的介词，如上句还可以说：A present was given to me yesterday.保留宾语保留宾语保留宾语保留宾语注意：注意：注意：注意：一般在下列一般在下列动词动词后，常在后，常在间间接接宾语宾语前用介前用介词词 to，如：，如：bring,give,lend,offer,pass,promise,sell,show,teach,tel
24、l 等。等。The cup with mixture was showed to the class.My bike was lent to her.一般在下列一般在下列动词动词后，后，间间接接宾语宾语前用介前用介词词 for,如：如：buy,cook,choose,fetch,get,make,order,等。等。Mother made me a new skirt.(A new skirt was made for me.)The meat was cooked for us.练习：练习：将下列句子变为被动句。将下列句子变为被动句。1.Li Lei listens to his fathe
25、r carefully.1.Li Lei listens to his father carefully.Li LeiLi Lei s father is listened to carefully by Li Lei.s father is listened to carefully by Li Lei.2.The mother looked after the baby in the room.2.The mother looked after the baby in the room.The baby was looked after by the mother in the room.
26、The baby was looked after by the mother in the room.3.We took care of the things.3.We took care of the things.The things were taken care of by us.The things were taken care of by us.4.They gave us some work.4.They gave us some work.We were given some work by them.We were given some work by them.Some
27、 work was given to us by them.Some work was given to us by them.5.The boy made them laugh all the time.5.The boy made them laugh all the time.They were made to laugh all the time by the boy.They were made to laugh all the time by the boy.6.My mother buys me a bike.6.My mother buys me a bike.A bike i
28、s bought for me by my mother.A bike is bought for me by my mother.I am bought a bike by my mother.I am bought a bike by my mother.1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ t
29、wice a month.are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）5.His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them.was made to have can be used3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to
30、return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told9.The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1)_ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2)Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.we were given were given to us7.Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this ti
31、me last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work.Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.was asked is done12.He c
32、an mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.can be mended must be taken14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_
33、this question often _ about _ _?is studiedIs talked by them1.The new dictionaries are very useful.They 1.The new dictionaries are very useful.They _well and _already._well and _already.A.A.sell;have been sold outsell;have been sold outB.sold;had sold outB.sold;had sold outC.sell,sell outC.sell,sell
34、outD.D.are sold;have been sold outare sold;have been sold out2.I saw Dave in lift this morning.2.I saw Dave in lift this morning.-Really?He_around here for a long time.-Really?He_around here for a long time.A.wont be seenA.wont be seenB.wasnt seeB.wasnt seeC.hasnt been seenC.hasnt been seenD.hadnt b
35、een seenD.hadnt been seen3.The window is dirty.3.The window is dirty.-I know.It _ for weeks.-I know.It _ for weeks.A.A.hasnt cleaned B.didnt cleanhasnt cleaned B.didnt cleanC.wasnt cleaned D.hasnt been cleanedC.wasnt cleaned D.hasnt been cleaned4.The heros story _differently in the newspapers.4.The
36、heros story _differently in the newspapers.A.A.was reported B.was reportingwas reported B.was reportingC.C.reports D.reportedreports D.reported5.Why did you leave that position?5.Why did you leave that position?-I _a better position at IBM.-I _a better position at IBM.A.A.offer B.offered C.am offere
37、d D.was offeredoffer B.offered C.am offered D.was offered6.More than a dozen students in that school_abroad 6.More than a dozen students in that school_abroad to study medicine last year.to study medicine last year.A.sent B.were sent C.had sent D.had been sentA.sent B.were sent C.had sent D.had been
38、 sent7.The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small 7.The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which_placed under the Ministers car.box which_placed under the Ministers car.A.A.has been B.was beinghas been B.was beingC.had been D.would beC.had been D.would be8.Millions
39、of pounds worth damage_by a storm which 8.Millions of pounds worth damage_by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.swept across the north of England last night.A.has been caused B.had been causedA.has been caused B.had been causedC.will be caused D.will have been causedC.will be
40、 caused D.will have been caused9.When the old man_to walk back to his house,the 9.When the old man_to walk back to his house,the sun_itself behind the mountain.sun_itself behind the mountain.A.A.started;had already hidden started;had already hidden B.B.had started;had already hidden had started;had
41、already hidden C.had started;was hidingC.had started;was hidingD.was starting;hidD.was starting;hid10:The water _cool when I joined into the pool for morning exercise.A.A.was felt B.is felt C.felt D.feels11:The moment the 28th Olympic Games_open,the whole world cheered.A.A.declared B.have been decla
42、redC.have declared D.were declared12.Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy,saying that he was not the one _.A.A.blamed B.blaming C.to blame D.to be blamed13.In a room above the store,where a party 13.In a room above the store,where a party _,some workers were busily setting the table._
43、,some workers were busily setting the table.A.was to be held B.has been heldA.was to be held B.has been heldC.will be held D.is being heldC.will be held D.is being held14.I dont suppose the police know who did it.14.I dont suppose the police know who did it.-Well surprisingly they do.A man has been-
44、Well surprisingly they do.A man has been arrested and_now.arrested and_now.A.has been questioned B.is being questionedA.has been questioned B.is being questionedC.is questioning D.has questionedC.is questioning D.has questioned15.The new type of cellphone _better if it is 15.The new type of cellphon
45、e _better if it is advertised on TV.advertised on TV.A.will sell B.sells C.would sell D.soldA.will sell B.sells C.would sell D.soldn n16.The bridge which _ last year looks 16.The bridge which _ last year looks really beautiful.really beautiful.A.was built A.was built B.built B.built C.was set up C.w
46、as set up D.had been builtD.had been builtn n17.This cloth _well and _ long.Ok.17.This cloth _well and _ long.Ok.Ill take it.Ill take it.n nA.washes/lasts A.washes/lasts B.is washed/lastedB.is washed/lastedn nC.washes/is lasted C.washes/is lasted D.is washing/lastingD.is washing/lastingn n18.An exhi
47、bition of paintings _ at the 18.An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next week.museum next week.n n A.are to be held B.is to be held C.A.are to be held B.is to be held C.are holding are holding D.will hold D.will hold n n19.Im sorry,sir.Your recorder isnt ready yet.It 19.Im sorry,sir.Your reco
48、rder isnt ready yet.It _ in the factory._ in the factory.A.is being repaired B.is repaired A.is being repaired B.is repaired C.has been repaired C.has been repaired D.hasnt repaired D.hasnt repaired n n20.Every possible means 20.Every possible means ,but none prove,but none prove successful.successf
49、ul.A.has tried B.has been tried A.has tried B.has been tried C.is being tried D.tried C.is being tried D.tried n n21.My little sister has broken my watch.21.My little sister has broken my watch.-My watch _ by my little sister.-My watch _ by my little sister.A.is broken B.has broken A.is broken B.has
50、 broken C.have been broken C.have been brokenD.has been D.has been brokenbrokenn n22.He was cleaning his room when I entered the 22.He was cleaning his room when I entered the house.house.-His room _ by him when I entered the room.-His room _ by him when I entered the room.A.was being cleaned B.was