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1、被动语态,The Passive Voice,被动语态基本用法 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。,1.They make shoes in that factory. 主语+及物动词+宾语,Shoes are made (by them) in that factory. 一般现在时： S(主语）+am/is /are +过去分词,变为被动语态,His brother washes bowls every day.,主,谓,宾(受动者),Bowls,are washed
2、,by,his brother,every day.,改为被动语态,They play football on Sunday. Lucy does the homework in the evening. They often use computers in class. We make these machines in Beilun. People speak English as the first language in UK.,Football is played by them on Sunday.,The homework is done by Lucy in the even
3、ing.,Computers are often used by them in class.,These machines are made in Beilun.,English is spoken as the first language in UK.,你知道这些被动句的否定句和一般疑问句吗？,2. They bought ten computers last term,Ten computers were bought (by them) last term. 2一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词,He looked after the little baby yesterd
4、ay.,主,谓,宾(受动者),The little baby,was looked after,by,him,yesterday .,They built the tall building last year. He took good care of his little brother yesterday. We cleaned our classroom just now. They used this room for resting. They planted many trees years ago.,The tall building was built by them las
5、t year.,His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.,Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.,This room was used for resting by them.,Many trees were planted by them years ago.,3.They will finish the work in ten days.,The work will be finished (by them) in ten days. 3一般将来时： S+ will+b
6、e+过去分词,Tom will clean the room tomorrow.,主,谓,宾(受动者),The room,will be cleaned,by,Tom,tomorrow.,We will have a sports meeting next week. Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow. The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon. The farmers will grow different kinds of vegetables next s
7、pring. Uncle Wang will mend the TV set tomorrow.,A sports meeting will be had by us next week.,Some photos will be taken by children in the schoolyard tomorrow.,A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.,Different kinds of vegetables will be grown by the farmers next spring.,The TV set w
8、ill be mended by Uncle Wang tomorrow.,4Amy can take good care of Gina ,Gina can be taken good care of by Amy. 4情态动词： S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词,1.He can take care of the baby. 2.Lucy may draw the pictures. 3.You must turn off the lights. 4.They should learn English well. 5.Jim could do it yest
9、erday.,The baby can be taken care of by him.,The picture may be drawn by Lucy.,The lights must be turned off by you.,English should be learned well by them.,It could be done by Jim yesterday.,You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions must be handed in after class. He can writ
10、e a great many letters with the computer. A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.,Some workers are painting the rooms now,The rooms are being painted by some workers now. 5现在进行时： S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词,现在进行时： The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons are be
11、ing broadcast on the radio. We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted.,I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night,My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night. 6过去进行时： S+ was/were+being+过去分词,过去进行时： Why didnt they drive there on time? Because the workers were mending the road. B
12、ecause the road was being mended. This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees were being planted here this time last year.,We have made twenty more keys,Twenty more keys have been made by us. 7现在完成时： S+ have/has + been+过去分词,. 现在完成时： Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off. I
13、have been told the sports meet might be put off. We have brought down the price. The price has been brought down.,8 过去将来时： The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. The workers told me they would m
14、end the car as soon as possible. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.,9. 过去完成时： When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. The whole country was very sad at the n
15、ews of his death; People had considered him to be a great leader. He had been considered to be a great leader.,10: 动词不定式的被动语态 be to do- be to be done be going to do-be going to be done Be about to do-be about to be done Eg: He is to read a novel A novel is to be read by him They are going to hold a
16、meeting tomorrow. A meeting is going to be held tomorrow. They are about to shoot the murderer. The murderdr is about to be shot by them.,被动语态中的特殊情况 1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。 e.g. The students listen to the teacher carefully in class. 被动句：The teacher is listened to carefully by the students
17、 in class. e.g. They look after the new students in the school. 被动句：The new students are looked after by them in the school.,2.当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补), 并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to” e.g. They make us do all the work. 被动句：We are made to do all the work by them. e.g. We often hear her sing songs. 被动句：She is
18、 often heard to sing songs by us. e.g. I saw him walk to school. 被动句：He was seen to walk to school by me. 这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。（ let ，have ，make，feel，see ,watch, hear,notice),3.当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个是指物)，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for” 。常见加to的动词有give，sen
19、d, teach，write, show, pass, ask, tell常见加for的动词有make, draw, buy e.g. He gives me a flower everyday. 被动1 I am given a flower by him everyday. 被动2 A flower is given to me by him everyday. e.g. My mother bought me a computer. 被动1 I was bought a computer by my mother . 被动2 A computer was bought for me by
20、 my mother .,(一)语态转换时要注意的问题 1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误) 2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a
21、present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说： A present was given to me yesterday.,保留宾语,注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如： bring, give, lend, offer, pass, promise, sell, show, teach, tell 等。 The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her. 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for,
22、如： buy, cook, choose, fetch, get, ,make, order, 等。 Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. ) The meat was cooked for us.,练习： 将下列句子变为被动句。 1.Li Lei listens to his father carefully. Li Leis father is listened to carefully by Li Lei . 2.The mother looked after the baby in the room. The
23、 baby was looked after by the mother in the room. 3.We took care of the things. The things were taken care of by us. 4.They gave us some work. We were given some work by them. Some work was given to us by them. 5.The boy made them laugh all the time. They were made to laugh all the time by the boy.
24、6.My mother buys me a bike. A bike is bought for me by my mother. I am bought a bike by my mother.,1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things. 2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month. The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.,EXERCISES,are
25、used,are,cleaned,(变被动语态）,5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day. He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day. 6.Now people can use computers to help them. Now computers _ _ _ to help them.,was made to have,can be,used,3.I found the ticket on the floor. _ _ _ _ on the floor. 4.I told her to return the
26、book in time. She _ _ to return the book in time.,The ticket was found,was told,9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps. 1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps. 2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.,we were given,were,given to us,7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year? _ _ _ _ at this t
27、ime last time? 8.Must we finish our work today? _ our work_ _ today?,Were many trees planted,Must be finished,10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer. Tom _ _ to turn on the computer. 11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.,was asked,is d
28、one,12.He can mend the bike in two days. The bike _ _ _ in two days. 13.You must take this medicine three times a day. This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.,can be mended,must be,taken,14.The students in this school study German. German _ _ by the students in this school. 15.Do they often talk abou
29、t this question? _ this question often _ about _ _?,is studied,Is,talked,by them,1.The new dictionaries are very useful.They _well and _already. sell; have been sold out B. sold; had sold out C. sell, sell out are sold; have been sold out 2. I saw Dave in lift this morning. -Really? He_around here f
30、or a long time. A. wont be seen B. wasnt see C. hasnt been seen D. hadnt been seen,3. The window is dirty. -I know. It _ for weeks. hasnt cleaned B.didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned 4. The heros story _differently in the newspapers. was reported B. was reporting reports D. reported
31、5.Why did you leave that position? -I _a better position at IBM. offer B. offered C.am offered D.was offered 6. More than a dozen students in that school_abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sent C.had sent D.had been sent,7. The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box
32、 which_placed under the Ministers car. has been B.was being C.had been D.would be 8. Millions of pounds worth damage_by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. A.has been caused B.had been caused C. will be caused D.will have been caused 9. When the old man_to walk back to his ho
33、use,the sun_itself behind the mountain. started ; had already hidden had started; had already hidden C. had started ; was hiding D. was starting; hid,10:The water _cool when I joined into the pool for morning exercise. was felt B.is felt C.felt D.feels 11: The moment the 28th Olympic Games_ open, th
34、e whole world cheered. declared B.have been declared C. have declared D. were declared 12.Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _. blamed B.blaming C.to blame D.to be blamed,13. In a room above the store, where a party _, some workers were busily setting
35、 the table. A.was to be held B.has been held C.will be held D. is being held 14.I dont suppose the police know who did it. -Well surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and_now. A.has been questioned B.is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned 15. The new type of cellphone _bette
36、r if it is advertised on TV. A. will sell B. sells C. would sell D.sold,16. The bridge which _ last year looks really beautiful. A. was built B. built C. was set up D. had been built 17. This cloth _well and _ long. Ok. Ill take it. A. washes/lasts B. is washed/lasted C. washes/is lasted D. is washi
37、ng/lasting 18. An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next week. A. are to be held B. is to be held C. are holding D. will hold,19. Im sorry, sir. Your recorder isnt ready yet. It _ in the factory. A. is being repaired B. is repaired C. has been repaired D. hasnt repaired 20. Every possible mean
38、s , but none prove successful. A. has tried B. has been tried C. is being tried D. tried 21. My little sister has broken my watch. - My watch _ by my little sister. A. is broken B. has broken C. have been brokenD. has been broken,22. He was cleaning his room when I entered the house. - His room _ by
39、 him when I entered the room. A. was being cleaned B. was cleaned C. was being cleaning D. has been cleaned 23. I shall have Finished reading the novel by dinner time. - This novel _ reading (by me) by dinner time A. will have finished . B. will has been finished C. will have being finished D. will
40、have been finished 24. You ought to keep these three rooms clean. -These three rooms _ (by you). are oughted to keep clean B. ought to kept clean C. ought to be kept clean D. ought to have been kept clean,各种时态的被动语态构成,一般现在时： 一般过去时： 情态动词： 一般将来时： 现在进行时： 现在完成时： 过去进行时：,S+am/is /are +done S+was/were +done
41、 S+ can/may/must/should + be+ done S+ will+be+ done S+ am/is/are + being + done S+ have/has + been+ done S+ was/were+being+ done,Homework : 1.He cleans the classroom everyday. 2.They finished their homework. 3.I can mend his bike. 4.She will buy ten books tomorrow. 5.We shouldnt allow them to go out with their friends. 6.The old man often makes us laugh.,