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1、Unit 6 SkyscrapersLearning ObjectivesIn this unit,you will:1.learn about the basic aspects of a skyscraper and world-famous super-tall buildings;2.familiarize yourself with the words,expressions,and sentence patterns related to the theme of the unit;3.use these words,expressions,and sentence pattern
2、s correctly;4.research skyscrapers;5.give an oral presentation to the class about skyscrapers;6.vary sentence openings in your writing.Part I Part I Approaching the TopicApproaching the Topic Part II Part II Understanding the TextUnderstanding the Text Part III Part III Exploring the Topic Part IV P
3、art IV Integrated ExercisesIntegrated Exercises Part V Part V Writing StrategyWriting Strategy Part I Part I Approaching the TopicApproaching the Topic Task 1 Brainstorming Task 2 Surfing and Reporting Task 3 Watching and Retelling Task 4 Vocabulary Preview1.Name as many world-famous tall buildings
4、as possible.2.Make a list of no less than 10 words to describe those skyscrapers.Task 1 BrainstormingUnit 6 Part I Task 11.Work in groups and find information on the Internet about the following terms.Task 2 Surfing and ReportingUnit 6 Part I Task 2A)the Tower of BabelB)the Petronas Twin TowersC)the
5、 Sears TowerD)Taipei 101E)Burj DubaiF)the Empire State BuildingAnswers for reference:Unit 6 Part I Task 22.Fill in the spaces below according to your Internet research.Present this information to the class,optionally using PowerPoint.Unit 6 Part I Task 2NameWhenWhereHeightExtrainformationthe Empire
6、State BuildingWorld TradeCenter1931New York,USA381m(443.5m with antenna)Movie King Kong1973-2001New York411.5mFreedom Tower will be built on the siteUnit 6 Part I Task 2NameWhenWhereHeightExtrainformationthe Petronas Twin TowersChrysler BuildingChrysler Building1998KualaLumpur,Malaysia452mthe talles
7、t twin buildings in theworld1930New York305m1973Chicago,Illinois,USA442 /1,450 ftCurrent Name:Willis TowerUnit 6 Part I Task 2NameWhenWhereHeightExtrainformationTaipei 101Burj Dubai2004Taibei,Taiwan101floors,508mperformed by Skidmore,Owings,and Merrill2010Dubai,UnitedArab Emirates828m(2,717 ft)Task
8、3 Watching and Retelling1.Watch the video clip“Building the Ultimate Skyscraper”.Fill in the blanks with the information you have heard.Use the glossary below as a reference.ultimate/ltmt/最终的，极限的最终的，极限的curious/kjris/奇怪的奇怪的gherkin/kn/（腌制用的）小黄瓜（腌制用的）小黄瓜Swiss Ray Building/sws re bld/瑞士瑞士X光公司大楼光公司大楼cutt
9、ing edge/kt ed/刀刃，前线，先锋刀刃，前线，先锋Chicago Home Insurance Building/k:hm nurns bld/芝加哥家庭保险公司大楼芝加哥家庭保险公司大楼Unit 6 Part I Task 3dizzyingly/dzli/令人眩晕地，使人眼花缭乱地；令人眩晕地，使人眼花缭乱地；过高地，过快地过高地，过快地Salisbury Cathedral/s:lzbri ki:drl/索尔兹伯里大教堂（沙利斯柏立索尔兹伯里大教堂（沙利斯柏立大教堂）大教堂）Medieval/mediivl/中世纪的中世纪的priority/prarti/优先考虑的条件优先考
10、虑的条件monocoque structure/mnkk/单壳体结构单壳体结构sideways force横向力横向力load/ld/负荷，重量负荷，重量foundation/fanden/地基地基Unit 6 Part I Task 3Unit 6 Part I Task 3 The skyscraper is a great engineering achievement.“They have to do with gravity;they have to do with wind.”The shining towers of steel concrete and glass attest
11、 to their limit.“They have to do with earthquakes;and they have to do with fire.”Can we build the 1)skyscraper?Skyscrapers 2)the sky.Man can build ever higher and higher,testing his ingenuity against the 3).This is the Swiss Ray Building in London.Its nearly 600 feet high and known as the Gherkin be
12、cause of its 4).Its aerodynamic design is 5)of skyscraper thinking.The modern skyscraper was born in Chicago.“In order toultimate_reach for_ forces of nature_ the cutting edge_ curious shape_Unit 6 Part I Task 3understand the development of the skyscraper,we really need to go to Chicago,where in the
13、 1880s somewhat 6)occurred in the history of skyscraper.”7).“Chicago was destroyed by fire in 1871,leveled.In fact,8).And for a city there was an exploding population and very wealthy with a burgeoning commerce,it was important for the city to rebuild as quickly as it could.”So they decided to build
14、 tall.9)ofreconstruction was the Home Insurance Building.It rose 10 storeys high,dizzily tall for the time.10).But some think the evolution of skyscrapers structure has its beginnings long before.The jewel of the crown_ the most significant developments _ the central part of the city was gone _The e
15、volution came out of disaster_ The era of skyscrapershad begun _Unit 6 Part I Task 3【Script】2.Watch the video again and then discuss the main idea with the group.ScriptUnit 6 Part I Task 3Task 4 Vocabulary PreviewRead the words and phrases below,paying attention to the pronunciation.Use the scale be
16、low to give yourself a score for each word.After finishing the study of the unit,score yourself again to check your improvement.Unit 6 Part I Task 41I dont understand this word.2I have seen this word before,but I am not sure of the meaning.3I understand this word when I see it or hear it,but I dont
17、know how to use it.4I know this word and can use it in my own speaking and writing.Unit 6 Part I Task 4Nouns high-rise testament progression elevator column stability width footprint elevation velocity gust simulation occupancy acceleration advancement illumination descent ascent efficiencyGlossary
18、for Main ReadingUnit 6 Part I Task 4Verbs pierce mock humble surge tune computerize damp wage topple rethink combat sway amplify fine-tune model crumble complicate stumble deploy dispatchAdjectives spectacular heavenly striking technological daring intelligent ongoing implacable cumulative respectiv
19、e optimum counter compressive considerable composite replete ancillary fluorescent interior ironic noteworthy even odd cableless fuzzy peak economicalUnit 6 Part I Task 4Phrases wage a battle come in stumbling blockUnit 6 Part I Task 4Adverbs majestically extensively desperately financiallyGlossary
20、for Related ReadingNouns threshold holder spire multibillionaire imagination peer leg crane historian region opposition reaction developer mold flow concrete presence phase downturn icon session produce cartUnit 6 Part I Task 4Verbs accommodate surpass outdo unveil conclude evidence incorporate proj
21、ect enshrine bump nestUnit 6 Part I Task 4Adjectives staggering pressing massive audacious emerging residential focal architecturalPhrases in the midst of in perspective break old molds serve as under wrapsUnit 6 Part I Task 4Part II Understanding the TextPart II Understanding the Text Main Reading
22、Related ReadingPart II Understanding the TextPart II Understanding the Text Main Reading Text-related Information Text Analysis Language Points Translation of the Texts Tasks Unit 6 Part II Main Reading1.The World Trade CenterText-related InformationUnit 6 Part II Main Reading2.Chrysler BuildingText
23、 Analysis Parts ParagraphsMain IdeasIABThe construction of tall buildings is on the trend and it asks for new concepts and technologies.IICJTo build a super skyscraper,a lot of factors should be taken into account:its ability to stand wind and earthquake,amixed occupancy and elevators,etc.CH:It talk
24、s about the influence of wind on tall buildings and some materials and technologies used to dampen it.I:Mixed use makes the design for a tall Building more complicated.Unit 6 Part II Main ReadingUnit 6 Part II Main ReadingParts ParagraphsMain IdeasIICJTo build a super skyscraper,a lot of factors sho
25、uld be taken into account:its ability to stand wind and earthquake,amixed occupancy and elevators,etc.J:Elevators are also an important factor which influences the construction of a high-rise.IIIKTechnology and finance are both important to determine whether a super skyscraper can come into being in
26、 reality.Language Points Unit 6 Part II Main Reading1.humble(L2)v.to make people feel that they are not as good or important as they thought they weree.g.lHe was humbled by her generosity.a.showing you do not think that you are as important as other peoplee.g.lBe humble enough to learn from your mis
27、takes.having a low rank or social positione.g.la man of humble originsUnit 6 Part II Main Reading2.wage an ongoing battle with(L11)wage v.to engage in(a war,a battle,etc.)wage something(against/on somebody/something)e.g.lThe rebels have waged a guerrilla war since 1995.lHe alleged that a press campa
28、ign was being waged against him.Unit 6 Part II Main Reading3.Thus,the footprint of a super skyscraper could easily consume multiple city blocks.(L19)Paraphrase:figurative The base of a super skyscraper could take up several city blocks.【译文译文】这样，仅是一栋超级大楼的地基就要占据好这样，仅是一栋超级大楼的地基就要占据好几个街区。几个街区。Unit 6 Par
29、t II Main Reading4.Gusts of wind can be particularly dangerous when they come spaced in intervals that approach a buildings natural period:the amount of time the structure takes to complete one oscillation when it is swaying back and forth.(L28)【译文译文】如果阵风以接近建筑物自然周期（即建筑物前后如果阵风以接近建筑物自然周期（即建筑物前后摇摆时完成一次
30、震荡周期）的时间间隔经过，那摇摆时完成一次震荡周期）的时间间隔经过，那将是尤其危险的。将是尤其危险的。1)space v.to organize or arrange with spaces between space out 隔开；昏沉，迷乱隔开；昏沉，迷乱 space out the lampposts 30 meters aparte.g.lI was supposed to meet her,but I spaced out and forgot.2)interval n.a space between two objects,points,or unitse.g.lan interv
31、al of ten feetlIt snowed at intervals this week.lHe visits me at regular intervals.Unit 6 Part II Main Reading5.Thanks to wind-tunnel tests and computer simulations,architects and engineers can fine-tune a buildings shape,surface and structural characteristics to achieve optimum designs for withstan
32、ding high winds.(L33)Paraphrase:Modern technologies like wind-tunnel tests and computer simulations help architectsand engineers make small adjustments in a buildings shape,surface and structural characteristics so that they can work out the best design to withstand strong winds.【译文译文】多亏了风洞试验和电脑模拟，建
33、筑师和工程师多亏了风洞试验和电脑模拟，建筑师和工程师们才能对建筑物的外形、表面和结构特点进行们才能对建筑物的外形、表面和结构特点进行微调以便取得对抗强风的最佳设计。微调以便取得对抗强风的最佳设计。Unit 6 Part II Main Reading 1)thanks to because ofe.g.lThanks to your timely help,we accomplished the task on time.2)fine-tune to make small adjustments for optimal performance or effectivenessUnit 6 Pa
34、rt II Main Reading6.On windy days,the so-called mass damper,located on a floor near the top of the high-rise,moves in opposition to the structures swaying,sliding on oil to help dampen oscillations by as much as 50 percent.(L40)Paraphrase:Mass damper is placed on the top floor of the tall building;w
35、hen there is wind and thebuilding begins to sway,it will move in the opposite direction and reduce oscillations by 50%.【译文译文】起风的时候，靠近大楼顶层安装的所谓大型起风的时候，靠近大楼顶层安装的所谓大型减震器就会以与建筑物摇摆相反的方向移动，减震器就会以与建筑物摇摆相反的方向移动，它们在润滑油上的滑动可以将大楼的摆动减它们在润滑油上的滑动可以将大楼的摆动减少少50%。Unit 6 Part II Main Reading1)damper n.a device that e
36、liminates or progressively diminishes vibrations or oscillations dampen v.to reduce,to restraine.g.lThe bad news dampened our spirits.2)in opposition to somebody/something disagreeing strongly with somebody/something 强烈反对（或抵制）强烈反对（或抵制）e.g.lProtest marches were held in opposition to the proposal law.
37、contrasting two people or things that are very different 对比，对照对比，对照e.g.lLeisure is often defined in opposition to work.Unit 6 Part II Main Reading7.Thousands of these viscoelastic dampers have been inserted between columns and beams;when the building sways,friction between the plates dampens the mot
38、ion.(L42)【译文译文】数以千计这样的粘弹性减震器被置于立柱和数以千计这样的粘弹性减震器被置于立柱和横梁之间，当建筑物摇摆时，金属板之间的横梁之间，当建筑物摇摆时，金属板之间的摩擦会让摆动幅度减小。摩擦会让摆动幅度减小。Unit 6 Part II Main Reading8.in counter directions to(L47)in opposite directions to counter a.contrary;opposing adv.acted counter to ones promiserun/go counter to ones inclination v.to mo
39、ve or act in opposition to;opposee.g.lHe countered my proposal with one of his own.Paraphrase:Unit 6 Part II Main Reading9.Indeed,the century-old history of skyscrapers is replete with advancements in ancillary technologies,such as fluorescent lights,which enabled the relatively cool illumination of
40、 interior offices.(L63)Paraphrase:Various modern assisting technologies are put into use to get the century-old history skyscrapers more convenient,such as fluorescent lights that make possible cool illumination in the offices.【译文译文】实际上，有着一百多年历史的摩天大楼里到处都实际上，有着一百多年历史的摩天大楼里到处都是各种现代化辅助科技，比如使办公室里能有冷是各种现
41、代化辅助科技，比如使办公室里能有冷光照明的荧光灯。光照明的荧光灯。1)be replete with be filled with a mind replete with knowledge a stream replete with trout2)ancillary a.supporting,assistingTranslation of the TextsFor Main Reading Unit 6 Part II Main ReadingTask 1 Guessing Meaning from ContextGuess the meaning of the following word
42、s and phrases from context.The letter in the parentheses refers to the paragraph in which the word can be found.Choose which meaning best fits the word.TaskVerbs1.humble(A)a)to awe,to make one feel that he is not worthy2.topple(D)b)to lessen3.amplify(F)c)to make larger or more powerful4.dampen(F)d)t
43、o push or throw over5.dispatch(J)e)to send someone/something somewhereUnit 6 Part II Main Readinga d _c _b_e _Nouns1.testament(A)a)proof2.column(C)b)resistance to change,deterioration,or displacement3.stability(D)c)a supporting pillar4.acceleration(I)d)an increase in speed5.advancement(J)e)a forward
44、 step;an improvementUnit 6 Part II Main Readingcb d _a _e _Unit 6 Part II Main ReadingAdjectives1.striking(A)a)arresting the attention and producing a vivid impression2.implacable(C)b)impossible to please3.optimum(F)c)deserving notice or attention;notable4.noteworthy(J)d)not clear;indistinct5.fuzzy(
45、J)e)most favorable or advantageousa e c d_b _Unit 6 Part II Main ReadingAdverbs1.majestically(A)a)frantically,as when one has no options2.desperately(K)b)grandly3.financially(K)c)in a way that makes moneyb c _a _1.Answer the following questions.1)To push skyscrapers higher,which areas will need the
46、greatest innovation?2)Which forces of nature most influence the design of a high-rise?Task 2 Understanding Main Ideas and Important Details in the TextTaskSome of the innovations include space frames,aerodynamic tuning,intelligent elevators andcomputerized damping systems.Gravity,natural disasters l
47、ike hurricanes and earthquakes,wind.Unit 6 Part II Main Reading_3)What is the most important factor in the design of supertall structures?4)How does the mass damper work to lessen the buildings oscillations?5)Which factors limit the maximum acceleration of elevators?The human ears slowness to adapt
48、to changing pressure,and passenger comfort._Wind.It is placed on a floor near the top of the high-rise,when the building sways,it moves in the oppositedirection to dampen oscillations.Unit 6 Part II Main Reading_2.Review the text to find information about skyscrapers.List the points in the table bel
49、ow.Unit 6 Part II Main ReadingSkyscrapersFactors to considerMeasures to take123natural forces(hurricanes and earthquakes;wind)mixed occupancyenough width of the buildings base;damping system,concrete and steelmore complicated designelevators(for mans ear and comfort)appropriate speed,double-decker c
50、ars,cableless operation,fuzzy logic and neural networkPart II Understanding the TextPart II Understanding the Text Related Reading Language Points Tasks Translation of the Texts Language Points Unit 6 Part II Related Reading1.accommodate(L4)v.to provide somebody with a room or place to sleep,live or