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1、三、数词基数词表示数量的词叫基数词。1T2的基数词是独立单词;1379的基数词都是以-teen结尾的,要注意thirteen,fifteen, eighteen的拼法稍有不同;20-90的十位数,以后缀-ty结尾,要注音twenty, thirty, fifty, eighty的特殊点。如下表:11011192090百、千、百万、十亿Lone11-*eleven20-*twenty100f a hundredtwo12-*twelve30-*thirty1, 000f a thousand3-three13-thirteen40f forty1, 000, 000-*a million4f f
2、our14f fourteen50f fifty1, 000, 000, 000-a bilion(美) fa thousand mi ion (英)5. five15-kfifteen60f sixty6- f six16-sixteen70-*-s evenly7f seven17-seventeen80f eighty8-* eight18-eighteen90-ninety9nine19f nineteen1 Of ten1基数词的读法1 .三位数的读法:第一个数字+hundrcd +and+后面的一位或两位数字。如:107-one hundred and seven; 765-sev
3、en hundred and sixty-five. 1,000以上的数的读法:先从后向前数,每三位数加一个逗号,第一个逗号前的数字用thousand (千), 第二个逗号前的数字用million (百万),用“几十thousand ”表示几万”,以几百thousand”表示 几十万”,用“几十million”表示几千万”,用几百million”表示几亿。如:13, 789, 653-*thirteen million seven hundred and eighty-nine thousand six hundred and fifty-three2数词的复数形式.表示几十岁时。如“二十多岁
4、”说twenties,表示的是20岁到29岁。依次类推,thirties表示三十几岁,forties表 示四十几岁”,但十几岁”不可说tens,而要说teens,指13岁至19岁。如:He died in his thirties.She is in her teens.1 .表示几十年代时。如:“二十世纪八十年代”写成1980s或1980s,均读作nineteen eighties,指的是1980至1989年这十 年间,需注意的是,年代用文字表示时则不可用-s形式。如:Great changes took place in the 1970s.History has entered the
5、eighties.2 .表示不确定数目时。这时要在million, thousand, hundred等词后加上-s并与of连用,表示大约多至“数以.计,但mill ions of等前不能再加基数词,却可加some, several等表示不确定数目的修饰语。如:Millions of other stars are even bigger and brighter than the sun.Some hundreds of new buildings have been put up here this year.3 .在分数中,当基数词(表示分子)大于one时,序数词(表示分母)要用复数,两
6、者之间用不用连字 符号均可。如:Two thirds of the teachers in our school are women.She has spent four-fifths of her money.4 .当基数词用作可数名词或用于某些固定词组中时,也要用复数。如:How many sevens are there in forty-nine?They arrived by twos and three 她们三三两两的来了。3数词和名词单数一起作定语,中间用连字符连接如:a seven-year-old girl 一个七岁的女孩a two-thousand-word aiticle
7、 一篇 2 千字的文章4基数词和序数词的顺序问题当基数词和序数词同时修饰一个名词时,序数词一般放在基数词前;但如果序数词充当描绘性修饰时,则 放在基数词后。如:He is one of the first five students.他是前五名的学生之一。序数词表示数目顺序的词叫序数词。序数词的构成规则,如下表:119基数词词层加thfourth, sixth, seventh第一、第二和第三的序数词分别是 first, second和third;20, 3090各十位数字变y为1后加thtwenty-twentieth sixty-nlne_*slxty-ninth thirty_*thir
8、tietheight在变为eighth时少了一个字母t;nine在变为ninth时去掉了 一个字母 e”:以“ve”结尾的基数词变序数词时,须21-2931-3991-99只须变个位的基数词为序数词tvent 厂 two-*t*ent 厂 second forty-four-*forty-fourth sixty-nine_*sixty-ninth将“ve”改为“f”,然后再加“th” , five-fifth, twelve-*twelfth范围特点实例特殊情况序数词前不用定冠词的情况】表示顺序的语气很弱,具有“又一”“再一”的意思时,其前要用不定冠词,不用定冠词。 如:He cast th
9、e net a second time.A third bullet passed.1 .序数词前己有指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格或eve”时,不用定冠词。如:He made his frist set in an old box.2 .在表示分数的序数词前不用定冠词。如:From then on Bashi tourer three-fourths of Beijng.Two-thirds of the area is covered by trees.3 .数词与名词构成复合名词时,不用定冠词。如:There is a first-class hotel over there.He we
10、nt toa second-hand bookshop.4 .在些由序数词构成的固定词组里不用定冠词。如:at firstfirst of allfrom first to last2数词的功能1.表小数、分数和百分数小数点读作point,零读zero或nought。小数点后的数字按个位基数词依次读出。如:3. 4-three point four0. 2-*zero(nought)point two0. 03-*zero point zerothree 3.458-*three point four five eight百分数由基数词后直接加percent (per cent构成。如:20%
11、20 percent 分数由基数词(分子)和序数词(分母)合成。分子大于1时,表分母的序数词要用复数形式。如:1/3-*-one/a third2/3-two thirds但 1/2 一般用 a/one half;1/4 用 a/one quarter 或 one fourth。表示几分之儿(或百分之几)的人或物时,须在分数(或百分数)和人或物间加。f。若充当主语,谓 语动词的数须与of后的名词的数保持一致。如:One third of the students are girls. 1 的学生是女生。Sixty percent of her income was spent on cloth
12、s 收入的 60%在了服装上。但当表示人口的几分之几(或百分之几)作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。如:The population in China is very large, and eighty percent of it are far mers.中国的人口众多,其中80%农民。2 .表加减乘除加法的表达法如表达“几加几是多少,可用What/How much is+基数词+and/pus+基数词?”;如表达几加几等于几”, 可用“基数词+and+基数词+is+基数词”。如:What/How much is seven and eight?7 加 8 是多少?Seven and eigh
13、t is f ifiteen. 7 力n 8 等于 15。减法的表达法如表达“几减几是多少”,可用What/How much is+基数词+minus+基数词?;如表达“几减几等于几”, 可用“基数词+minus+基数词+is+基数词乘法的表达法如表达“几乘几是多少,可用What/Hcwmuch is基数词+times+基数词?;如表达几乘几等于几”,可 用“基数词+times+基数词+is+基数词”。除法的表达法如表达“几除以几是多少”,可用What/How much is基数词+dividcd by+基数词?。如表达几除以几等 于几”,可用“基数词+d用ided by+基数词+is+基数词
14、。用数字表达法来表示几点几分时,分钟数在后,并且不可使用quarler, halfo如:8: 15 eight fifteen 不能说:eight a quarter10:30 ten thirty 不能说:ten half使用介词past表示“几点过几分”,用to表示“几点差几分”时,分钟数放在介词前。11:25 twenty-five past eleven(=eleven twenty-five)6:40 twenty to seven(=six forty)past, to前的分钟应小于三十分钟(如果正好是三十分,应用half)。如:5:55 five to six=five fift
15、y-five 不能说:fifty-five past five)5:30 half past five=five thirty 不能说:thirty past five 或 five half)数词用于编号表示编号,可以用基数闻,也可以用序数词,即:事物名词(不加冠词)+基数词;the+序数词十事物名 词。如:Lesson Twclvc=thc Twelfth Lesson 第十二课Part One-*the First Part 第一部分World War I=the First Word war 第一次世界大战如英语编号中数字较长,一般用基数词表示。如:Room 506第五0六号房间pag
16、e 265第二百六十五页Telephone NO.电话号码表倍数两倍:twice两倍以上:基数词+times如:This classroom is twice as big as that one.The house is three times bigger than that one数量名词的单复数形式hundred, thousand, million 的用法当前面有数词以及many, several等词修饰时,这三个词用单数形式,后面直接跟复数名词。如:two hundred students 200 名学生several thousand enemies 几千敌人当这几个词前面没有数
17、词而后面有of时,则一定要用复数形式,表示数百、数千等笼统的数目概念。如:hundreds of dollars 数百美元mi 11 ions of ants数百万蚂蚁1. score(二十),dozen打;十二个)的用法 当dozen与基数词或many , several等连用时,不加“-s”,所修饰的名词前常省去of。但是,在a dozen of these people, two dozen of them等短语中应加of。这是因为习惯上在these, those, us等词前该 用dozen of的缘故。如:two dozen books 两打书two (many several)dozen pencils 两(几)打铅笔some dozen people “若干打的人(许多人)”score意为二十”。two score of people 中应力口。f, H three score and ten people “70 人中不力口 of。 scores of people 意为“许多人”。上述这两个词的复数形式与of连用时,表示不确切的数量,意为“许多.大量的 HO如:for dozens of years好几十年以来scores of years ago 许多年前scores of times 许多次