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1、UNIT 3 Getting along with othersGrammar and usage突破。语法大冲关语法精讲由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰主句或主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句由 关系词引导。限制性定语从句表现为在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，若省略，主句的内 容就不完整或失去意义；它和主句的关系十分密切，不可用逗号分开。先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。关系词指代先行词，在从句中作一定的句子成 分。引导定语从句的关系代词有which, that, who, whom, whose, as等。观察例句1. Do you know the ma
2、n that/who is waiting outside.2. He showed me the photos (that/which) he took on his trip to Xian.3. Simon is the poor man whose car has been stolen.4. I like the way (that/in which) she smiles.5. The trees that/which are behind the office building have lost their leaves.6. Then another big quake wh
3、ich was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.7. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.8. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.归纳用法一、定语从句的先行词先行词是定语从句修饰和限定的成分，从构成上而言，它可以是名词、代词、名词性短 语等；从句子成分上而言，它可以是主句的主语、宾语、表语等。下面，我们从两
4、个实例来 看一下定语从句及其相关成分的分布：先行词，主句的主语The peoplewhom you mel()n the campus yestenlay are from England.L定语从句，修饰the pcoplc.whom在从句中作宾语先行词，主句的宾语He is reading a story which is written by Lu Xun.匚定语从句，修饰a story,which在从句中作主语即学即练1找出下列定语从句中的先行词Is this the book which your father bought for you?the bookWho is the ma
5、n that is speaking to your mother?the manThey rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.th。 man Some people who are successful language I earners often fai1 in other fields.Some people二、关系代词的用法1. that的用法Ihal既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语、状语或表语，而且作宾语或 状语时常可省略。This is the book. I want to read it.
6、This is the book （that）I want to read.这就是我想读的那本书。（that指代the book,在定语从句中充当宾语）即学即练2使用定语从句合并句子，并写出关系词that在从句中作什么成分This is the house.Lu Xun once 1ived in the house.- *This is the house that Lu Xun once lived in. （that 在定语从句中作宾语）Jack is no longer a lazy boy. He used to be a lazy boy.- *Jack is no longer
7、a lazy boy that he used to be. （that 在定语从句中作表语）The boy is Tom. The boy is studying in the classroom.- *The boy that is studying in the classroom is Tom. （that 在定语从旬中作主语）I dont like the way. He looks at me in the way. I dont like the way Ihal he 100ks at me. （thal 在定语从句中作状语）2. which的用法which指物，在定语从句中作
8、主语、宾语，常与that互换使用。The houses overlook the lake. They cost more.The houses which/that overlook the lake cost more.俯瞰湖泊的房子价格高一些。（which/that指代the houses,在定语从句中充当主语） 即学即练3单句语法填空Maybe you have a habit Ihal/which is driving your family crazy.Finally he reached a lonely island that/which was completely cut
9、off from the outside world.3. who的用法who指人，在定语从句中通常作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。The tall man is Yao Ming. Yao Ming is playing basketball.The tai 1 man who is playing basketball is Yao Ming.正在打篮球的那个很高的人是姚明。（who指代Yao Ming,在定语从句中充当主语）即学即练4写出下列句子中who作什么成分Dickson is an able worker who we all value highly.宾语The boy who
10、is standing there is my cousin.主语4. whom的用法whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。This is the girl. I met the girl in the street.This is the girl whom I met in the street.这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。（whom指代the girl,在定语从句中充当宾语）即学即练5翻译句子大家都喜欢的这位男士很善良。The man （whom） everyone likes is kind.杰克不再是五年前我见到的杰克了。Jack is no longer the person
11、（that/who/whom）I met five years ago.5. whose的用法whose既可指人也可指物,在定语从句中作定语，指人时，相当于of whom the；指物时, 相当于 of which the。I have read the book. I like its characters very much.-*I have read the book whose/of which the characters I like very much.我已经读了这本书，我很喜欢它里面的人物。（whose指代先行词the book,在定语从句 中充当定语）即学即练6用定语从句合并
12、句子This is the scientist. His achievements are well known.This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.Dont stand close to the house.Its roof is under repair.fDont stand close to the house whose roof is under repair.6. 关系代词that与which的区别情况用that还是wh i ch先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰that先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数
13、词、形容词最高级 修饰that先行词由the very, the only等修饰that先行词既指人也指物that先行词前有疑问代词which时thatthere be句型中，句子的主语是先行词而且又是指物的名词that句中已经出现过that或which交替使用先行词为主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语that关系代词前面有介词which关系代词后面带有插入语which即学即练7选词填空：which, thatThe scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by usall.Here is the bo
14、ok about which I told you yesterday.This is the best way that is to be used against pollution.Here is the English grammar book which, as Ive told you, will help you improve your English.A11 the presents that your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.This is the very book that I have
15、been looking for.三、关系代词的省略关系代词在从句中作宾语时，通常可以省略。The man(whom/who)you saw just now is our manager.你刚才见到的那个人是我们的经理。Is there anything(that)I can do for you?有什么我能为你效劳的吗？即学即练8请用关系代词填空并用括号标出可以省略的关系代词This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever read.This is the person whose story surprised everybody
16、.He often helps the students who he thinks are not quick at their studies.Who was the woman (that) you were talking with?一美训练KI .单句语法填空1. He is the man who/that has offered some useful advice.2. It is the most expensive hotel that he has over stayed in.3. He is the boy of whom we are proud in our sc
17、hool.4. The building whose doors are white is an office building.5. Anyone who has helped to save the old man is worth praising.6. She is the only one of the chiIdren who is(be) good at music here.7. The first place (hat she visited in China was the History Museum.8. We dont know the number of peopl
18、e who/that lost their homes in the flood. 9. Those who want to go to the party must be at the school gate by 5 p. m.10. The fi 1 m ihal/which you are looking forward to seeing will be on next week, n.短文语法填空r d skipped nearby Guilin, 1. which is a dream place for tourists 2. seeking (seek) the 1 imes
19、tone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 3. that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. Instead, V d headed straight for Yangshuo. For those 4. who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.Yangshuo is really beauti
20、ful. A study of travellers 5. that/which was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 6. that/which are famous in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their fami 1 ies 7. that/who are in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, 8. which is a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 9. regularly (regu 1 ar) arranges quick getaways here for people 10. who/that live in Shanghai and Hong Kong.