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1、外刊精读精练讲义：冰山融化暗藏的杀机内容摘要In the Alps, scientists are scrambling to put systems in place that warn people when to flee the climate change-driven landslides and floods caused by glaciers falling apart.阅读理解Mountain ranges cover a quarter of all the planefs land, and the millions of people who call them ho
2、me have always lived with their natural hazards. But now, global warming is fundamentally changing their makeup. Their temperatures have risen up to 50 percent faster than the global average, and even when summiting the peaks of the Himalayas, alpinists now ditch their expedition suits for lighter j
3、ackets -a small comfort amid elevated dangers. Earlier this month, another glacier collapsed in Patagonia, and in Kyrgyzstan in July. As permafrost thaws, rock and soil once bound by below-freezing temperatures is tumbling down. Hikers at altitude and villagers in the foothills are grappling with a
4、vital question: As mountain conditions become more perilous than ever, how can they stay safe?Ifs a question that plagues Roberto Rota, the mayor of the mountain village of Courmayeur, nestled on the Italian side of the Mont Blanc, Western Europe*s highest peak. Ground-based radar aimed at unstable
5、peaks and slopes measure movement round the clock-if velocity increases, so does the chance that it will come down. Satellite and drone images are analyzed, too. Rota gets a daily email at 2 p.m. with data and analysis. On good days, he sees a yellow box indicating a medium-level threat of the glaci
6、ers collapsing. On the worst days, the box is a deep crimson. Locals like Guiliana Patellani remember. Two years ago, traffic lights along the road to Planpincieux switched to red. stopping people from moving into the potential disaster zone, and alerts popped up on the phones of those in potentiall
7、y affected areas. Distressed officials came knocking on the doors of her stone house, instructing Patellani and her family to pack their dearest possessions and move to an emergency evacuation site.Farther up the valley, Daniele Giordan, a geologist with Italys National Research Council, has spent t
8、he past 10 years perfecting the glacier monitoring system. Predictions and scenarios are now so precise, he and his colleagues are confident that its among the best in the world, perhaps a role model for others. They fly helicopters over the regions 180 glaciers regularly, their eyes focused on new
9、crevasses. They update a photo catalog to monitor their evolution, and hike to glacial lakes that could break. Naturally, there are limits. Meltwater accumulating inside the glacier is a major concern. This summer alone, several meters melted off the surface of the Alps glaciers, an amount so dramat
10、ic it far exceeded scientists worst predictions to date. *These are all surface observations, but there are processes we can*t see, because they occur inside the glacier,M Giordan says.Questions:1. A/hy alpinists ditch their expedition suit for lighter jackets?A. To escape from the intense heat.B. T
11、o lighten the load.C. To out of the danger.2. Which title can best generalize paragraph 3?A. Looming disaster.B. Invisible hazard.C. Deadliest mountain.结构分析结构分析结构分析pi：全球变限正在从根本上改变山川构成 寰现：高山升濯.冰川*塌问局：如何保逅山地居民安全黄色二中等程度危睑红色：十分危险P3：冰川监测系蜕已短十分完善1就危机：冰川内部融水堆枳P2：采用雷达监测山和斜坡，分析卫星 及无人机图像，用色表示情况好坏.内容解读Mountain
12、 ranges cover a quarter of all the planets land, and the millions of people who call them home have always lived with their natural hazards. But now, global warming is fundamentally changing their makeup. Their temperatures have risen up to 50 percent faster than the global average, and even when su
13、mmiting the peaks of the Himalayas, alpinists now ditch their expedition suits for lighter jackets - a small comfort amid elevated dangers. Earlier this month, another glacier collapsed in Patagonia, and in Kyrgyzstan in July. As permafrost thaws, rock and soil once bound by below-freezing temperatu
14、res is tumbling down. Hikers at altitude and villagers in the foothills are grappling with a vital question: As mountain conditions become more perilous than ever, how can they stay safe? hazard文中使用的是名词含义，表示危舲，危害”,例如： Oil leaking from a barge in the Mississippi River poses a hazard to the drinking w
15、ater of New Orleans.密西西比河上驳船漏油事件危及新奥尔良 市的饮用水。它的动词含义可以表示使冒风险，使处于危险中”,例如： He could not believe that,had the Englishman know how much he was at risk,he would have hazarded his grandson.他无法相信，如果当时那个 英国人知道他冒的风险有多大，他还会让自己的孙子去冒这个险。还有一个动词含义表示斗麴提出，作无把握猜测”，例如： I would hazard a guess that theyll do fairly well
16、 in the next election. 我斗胆猜测，他们在下一轮竞选中会有不错的表现。 risky menace peril、threat也可以表示“危险,威胁”,注意区分:risk：指有可能发生的危险,尤指主动进行某种活动或去碰运气而冒的 风险。hazard：比risk更正式,多指偶然发生的或无法控制的危险,常含较 严重或有一定风险的意味。menace：所指的危险性最严重,表示使用暴力或造成破坏性的可能。 peril：指迫在眉睫很有可能发生的严重危险。threat：指任何公开侵犯对方的言行,给对方构成危险或威胁。 makeup名词，文中使用的含义是“组成成分，构成方式”,例如 The
17、ideological makeup of the union is now radically different from what it had been.协会的思想观念与过去截然不同。它还可以表示化汝0,例如： She checked her makeup one last time, and then walked out with a spring in her step.她最后检查了一下妆容，然后步履轻盈地走了出去。还可以表示天性，性格”,例如： There was some fatal flaw in his makeup, and as time went by he lap
18、sed into long silences or became off-hand.他的性格有致命的缺陷，随 着时间的推移，他陷入了久久的沉默，或者变得漠然。a makeup这个名词是由短语make up演变而来的,make up有以下含 义：组成,构成;编造,虚构;（给）化妆、打扮;凑足,补齐;（加 班加点）补足时间;和解,和好;配菜,配药;铺床,搭铺 ditch文中使用的是动词含义摆施，抛弃,丢弃”,可以表示“废除政策、丢 弃不想要的东西,也可以表示“与断交,例如： Unpopular policies such as unilateral disarmament were ditched
19、. 诸 如单边裁军之类不得人心的政策已经被废除了。它还有一个动词含义表示“（使）飞机紧急迫降”,例如：One American pilot was forced to ditch his jet in the Gulf. 一 位美国飞行员 被迫将喷气式飞机紧急迫降在波斯湾上。它还有名词含义（道路、田地边上的）沟、渠”,例如： Below the bridge we could just discern a narrow,weedy ditch. 我们仅 能依稀辨出桥下一条杂草丛生的窄沟。Its a question that plagues Roberto Rota, the mayor of
20、 the mountain village of Courmayeur, nestled on the Italian side of the Mont Blanc, Western Europes highest peak. Ground-based radar aimed at unstable peaks and slopes measure movement round the clock if velocity increases, so does thechance that it will come down. Satellite and drone images are ana
21、lyzed, too.Rota gets a daily email at 2 p.m. with data and analysis. On good days, he sees a yellow box indicating a medium-level threat of the glaciers collapsing. On the worst days, the box is a deep crimson. Locals like Guiliana Patelloni remember. Two years ago, traffic lights along the road to
22、Planpincieux switched to red, stopping people from moving into the potential disaster zone, and alerts popped up on the phones of those in potentially affected areas. Distressed officials came knocking on the doors of her stone house, instructing Patellani and her family to pack their dearest posses
23、sions and move to on emergency evacuation site. plague原文使用的是它的动词含义国小，折磨,纠缠”,可以指“被麻烦或病 痛折磨”、也可以指被人以缰,对应的名词含义为烦或，令人头疼的事 物”,例如： Fears about job security plague nearly half the workforce. 几乎一半 的员工担心失业。 Tim seems to have escaped the cynicism which is the absolute plagueof our generations.蒂姆好像并没有染上我们这一代人愤
24、世嫉俗的通病。它还有其他名词含义，（某一事物肆虐造成的）灾难,祸患”、例如： A cholera plague had been killing many prisoners of war at the time. 当时霍乱疫情已经夺去很多战俘的生命。 avoid sth./sb. like the plague 表示极力回避Aa plague on sb./sth.表示“真该死;愿上天降祸于” crimson形容词，可以形容颜色深女色，暗红色”,例如： The luridrimson glow of the blast furnaces.鼓风炉里耀眼、通红的火光。也可以形容人（因生气或害羞）
25、脸通红的”,例如： I used to refuse invitations to parties because I knew Id go crimson evert time someone talked to me.我过去总是拒绝聚会邀请，因为我知道 每当有人和我说话时，我就会脸红。 长难句解析 Ground-based radar aimed at unstable peaks and slopes measure movement round the dock-if velocity increases,so does the chance that it will come dow
26、n.a本句中存在so倒装句的语法现象，并包含了 Sat引导的同位语从句。 so前句主语为ground-based radar,与so后面的主语不一致,因此需要 采用“ so +助动词（系动词/情态动词）+主语”的形式,表示“也会如此”; 而当5。前后主语一致时,就需要采用“ SO +主语+助动词（系动词/情态动 词）”的形式,表示“的确是这样,情况属实。chance为抽象名词,that 引导同位语从句,起补充说明的作用。同时,注意本句中一个地道搭配 “round the clock” 表示日以继夜。Farther up the valley, Daniele Giordan, a geolog
27、ist with Italys National Research Council, has spent the past 10 years perfecting the glacier monitoring system. Predictions and scenarios are now so precise, he and his colleagues are confident that its among the best in the world, perhaps a role model for others. They fly helicopters over the regi
28、on/s 180 glaciers regularly, their eyes focused on new crevasses. They update a photo catalog to monitor their evolution, and hike to glacial lakes that could break. Naturally, there are limits. Meltwater accumulating inside the glacier is a major concern. This summer alone, several meters melted of
29、f the surface of the Alps/ glaciers, an amount so dramatic it far exceeded scientists worst predictions to date. These are all surface observations, but there are processes we cant see, because they occur inside the glacier,“ Giordan says. hike它有两组动词&名词一致的含义，第一组，动（名）词含义都是近如， （尤指）徒步旅行”,例如： You could
30、hike through the Fish River Canyon.你可以徒步穿越鱼河 峡谷。第二组，动（名）词含义都是勿节、税率、数量）突然上升，大幅 提高,例如： His economic plan, with its tax hikes and spending cuts, will slow the economy.它通过采取上调税率和削减支出等经济计划，将会放缓经济发展 速度。 take a hike表示“走开,哪凉快哪呆着,美国俚语 exceed动词，第一个含义是超过，超出（数量,数字）,例如 The demand for places at some schools excee
31、ds the supply. 某些学校 的入学申请人数超过了招生数。第二个含义是超出，超越（限制,规定）”,例如： I would be exceeding my powers if I ordered the march to be halted. surpass, excel也有“超过,胜过”的含义,注意区分:surpass：多用以强调优点、长处、技能或质量等方面的超过。excel：指在成绩、成就或学识上胜过他人。exceed：既可指超出权利、权力的限度、管辖范围,或超过规定的时间范 围，又可以指在数量、程度或大小等方面的超过。答案解析1. A. To escape from the in
32、tense heat.定位分析题干问的是阿尔卑斯登山者为什么脱掉探险服,换上了更轻便的夹克？ 定位到第一*段第 3 句,Their temperature have risen up to 50 percent faster than the global average.由此可知因为全球变暖,高山气温上升速度比全 球平均水平快50%,所以登山者才会选择身着轻便的夹克,A选项intense表示酷热,该选项正确。a干扰项排除B选项是减轻负担,原文未提至h C选项是脱离危险,原文提到a small comfort amid elevated dangers,是指这是对于危险加剧的情况下的一个小 小
33、慰藉,并不能帮助他们脱离险境,曲解文意。2. B. Invisible hazard.A定位分析题干问的是能最准确地概括第三段的标题是哪个？回顾第三段内容, 地质学家已经完善了冰川监测系统,可以做到精准预测,但面临冰川内部 融水堆积问题,最后一句也提到了 These are all surface observations, but there are processes we cant see, because they occur inside the glacier, 由 此可知发生在冰川内部的变化过程我们不得而知,因此本段最恰当的标题 为B选项看不见的危机。干扰项排除4选项一一迫在眉睫的灾难,第三段主要讲人们对暗流涌动的危机的担 忧,并没有实质性地遭遇灾难,与整段内容不符；C选项一一最致命的山脉, 第三段并没有提到有人在该山脉丧生,与整段内容不符。