《新高考英语外研版一轮学案板块3第1讲谓语动词.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《新高考英语外研版一轮学案板块3第1讲谓语动词.docx（15页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、板块三动词的运用第1讲谓语动词前沿最新动态题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语 法填空1. (2020全国卷 I )China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon .The unmanned Change-4 probe (探测器)一 the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess-touched (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.2. (20
2、20全国卷 I )Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon isconstructed(construct). ” 3. (2020全国卷HI)The artist was sure he would bechoscn(choose), but.4. (2020全国卷 II )This is why decorating with plants, fruits
3、and flowers carries (carry) special significance.1 .时态主要考查一般现 在时、一般过去时和现 在完成时；2 .给出动词考查其被动 语态；3 .考查主谓一致。核心语法精讲考点一一般时态题组试做单句语法填空1. (2020山东济南三模)The treatment continued and finally his novel coronavirus was(be) 100% got rid of.2. (2020武汉网上模拟试题)When we first met (meet), I was impressed by her voice.3. (
4、2020成武冲刺卷)The father as well as his three children goes (go) skating on题组试做单句语法填空1. In the near future, I hope more progress will be made(make) in fanning.2. (2020荷泽模拟)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has been reached(reach) so far by the two sides.3. (2020济宁联考)They are living with
5、 their parents for the moment because their own house is being decorated(decorate).4. (2020肇庆月考)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped(trap) in the mountains for two days.5. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, is regardcdfregard) as one of the best a
6、ll-round forms of exercise.要点解读一、被动语态的构成形式被动语态由“be +过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。各种 时态的被动语态形式如下(以动词give为例)：现在时过去时将来时过去将来时般式am given is given are givenwas given were givenshall be given will be givenshould be given would be given进 行式am being given is being given are being givenwas being given were being g
7、iven完成式has been given have been givenhad been givenshall have been given will have been givenshould have been given would have been given2. “get+过去分词”也能构成被动语态，常用于口语中，其中的get已失去原有的词汇意义，而接近于be的功能。常见的有get married结婚；get paid获得报酬；get hurt受伤；get trapped/stuck/caught 被困二、被动语态的用法1 .不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时;2 .强调动作的
8、承受者时。It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come. 据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上建成。In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut.在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。With many forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good e
9、arth are being washed away each year.因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。易错提醒11 .有些及物动词（短语）不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费； lack 缺少;own 拥有;belong to 属于；take part in 参加。2 .不及物动词（短语）不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur 发生；remain剩下；breakout爆发;last持续;come out出版;come up被提出; lose heart 失去信心;date from/back to 追溯到；run out 用完
10、。三、主动形式表达被动意义1 .”系动词 feel, sound, taste, look, smell, appear, seem, turn, stay, become, get, grow, keep等+形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。This kind of wool shin feels soft.这种羊毛衫摸起来很软。2 .当 sell, read, cut, wash, write, open, wear, run, burn 等不及物动词后 带状语（well/easily等）修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被 动含义。Have you
11、bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers.你买最近畅销的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。3 .在 need, want, require, deserve, bear 等动词、worth 等形容词的后面, 动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing(=to be repaired).这房子需要修葺。4 .在某些“主语(人/物)+be+形容词+不定式”中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词
12、有 nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting 等。The problem is difficult to work out.这道题很难计算出。5 . be to rent/blame主动形式表被动意义。Who is to blame for the mistake?谁应为这个错误接受谴责？考点六虚拟语气题组试做1单句语法填空1. (2020,浙江台州模拟考试)Its a pity that you were late, otherwise you would have seen(
13、see) the star from Korea.2. I should not have laughed if I had thought(think) you were serious.3. Dont handle the vase as if it were(be) made of steel.4. (2020湖北武昌区高三调考)If we hadnt made(make) adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful.要点解读一、if条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟条件句 虚拟情屋主句从句与现在事 实相
14、反主语+should/would/ could/might+doif+主语+过去 式(be 用 were)与过去事 实相反主语+should/ would/could/might +have doneif + 主语 + had +过去分词与将来事实 可能相反主语 + should/would/ could/might+doif +主语+过去 式/were to do/ should+doIf the new safety system had been put to use, the accident would never havehappened.要是新的安全系统被投入使用的话，这起事故就
15、不会发生了。We would be back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.如果你没有把地图弄丢的话，我们现在就回到旅馆了。Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.格蕾丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为如果住在那里，她就不能经常看到她的父 母了。易错提醒11 .如果在表示虚拟语气的if从句中含有were, had或shou
16、ld,可将if省略， 然后将were, had或should移至主语之前。2 .如果主句和从句是对不同时间的事实的虚拟，则被称为错综虚拟语气。此 时主句常有明显的时间状语。二、含蓄条件句的虚拟语气有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中， 或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄虚拟语气。常用的这类词或短语有：without（要是） 没有；but for要不是；othcrwise/or否则等。Do you have Bettys phone number?你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？一Yes.Otherwise, I wouldn*t have been able to reach he
17、r yesterday.有。不然我昨天就联系不上她了。Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but for Thomas Edison.要不是托马斯爱辿生，我们现在从中受益的很多东西就不会存在。三、虚拟语气在从句中的运用1.在名词性从句中的运用(1)在表示要求、命令、建议、请求等动词后的宾语从句中，以及这些动词的 名词形式后面的同位语或表语从句中的谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。常见 的此类动词有:一坚持(insist)一敦促(urge)、二命令(order, command)、三要求 (require,
18、 demand, request)、四建议(suggest, advise, propose, recommend)oShe suggested that Dale join the debating team, believing that practice in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.她建议戴尔参加辩论队，她认为辩论队里的演讲练习会给予他所需要的信心 和认可。He insisted that the problem (should) be discussed at the
19、meeting.他执意要求在会上讨论这个问题。My desire is that we (should) not quarrel over such things again.我的希望是我们不再为这样的事情争吵了。易错提醒当suggest作“暗示，表明，insist作“坚持认为”讲时，从句 要用陈述语气。(2)在“It is/was+M/./done+that.”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用(should) +动 词原形。常见的形容词或过去分词有：important, necessary, strange, suggested, ordered, advised, requested, dema
20、nded 等。It is necessary that we (should) clean the room every day.我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。It is required that middle school students (should) take at least one hours exercise every day.中学生被要求每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。(3) wish后的宾语从句中的谓语可用一般过去时，had +过去分词和 could/might/would+动词原形，分别表示与现在、过去相反的情况和与将来情况可 能相反。I wish that I had m
21、et that film star yesterday.我倒希望昨天见到了那个影星。Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I danced as well as her.埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一样就好了。(4) would rather所接的宾语从句中，从句的谓语如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生过的动作，从句用过去完成时。We would rather our daughter stayed at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a ch
22、ild any longer.我们宁愿女儿待在家，陪在我们身边，但是选择权在她手上，毕竟她不再是 个孩子了。2.三个固定句式中的虚拟语气It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it? 打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？虚拟情况 句式虚拟现在虚拟过去虚拟将来if only引导的条 件句及感叹句过去式had+过去分词would/ could/might +动词原形as ifVthough 弓 | 导的表语从句 及方式状语从句过去式had +过去分词would/might
23、 /could +动词原形It is (high) time that.过去式或shoukl +动词原形It is high time that we took/should take some measures to solve the problem.确实到了我们采取措施解决问题的时候了。Look at the trouble we are in. If only we had taken our teachers advice!看看我们所处的困境。要是我们当初听从老师的建议该多好！易错提醒当as if/though引导的句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生或 存在的事实时，从句要用陈述语气
24、。【技法点拨】语法填空中对时态、语态的考查语法填空的一个完整句子中若没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词， 但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词，就要考虑动词的时态 和语态，还要注意主谓一致和虚拟语气。the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.4. (2020湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三一模)The movie was adapted(adapt) from the true story of a road trip through the southern US in the early 1960s.5. (2020浙江嘉
25、兴基础测试)They made up their minds that they would buy(buy) a new house once Larry changed his job.要点解读一、一般现在时1. 一般现在时的构成主要由动词原形构成。动词be的第一人称单数形式用am,第三人称单数形式 用is,其他人称形式均用are。动词have的第三人称单数形式用has。实义动词的 第三人称单数形式的变化规则是：一般情况直接加hate-shales结尾为-s, -x, -sh, -ch 或-o,在 词尾加-esdiscuss-* discusses fix- fixes washwashe
26、s teach-leachesgo-goes结尾为“辅音字母+y” 变y为i再加-escarry - carries study - studies2. 一般现在时的用法表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)al ways, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, never, sometimes, usually, every day/night 等连用。He often goes to work by bus, and he takes a walk with his wife aft
27、er dinner every day.他经常乘公共汽车去上班，而且每天晚餐后和妻子一块儿散步。(2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。只限于go, aiTive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come 等动词。Look at the timetable.Hurrj/ up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18： 20.看看时间表。快点儿吧！ 4026航班18： 20起飞。(3)在状语从句中，当主句是一般将来时态时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。If it is fine tomorrow, we will go there
28、.要是明天晴天，我们就去那里。二、一般过去时1 .一般过去时的构成一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。动词的过去式的变化规则是:变化规则例词一般情况在动词后加-edlook-* looked以-e结尾的动词后加dhope-* hoped like-liked以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动 词,变y为i再加-edstudy-* studied try- tried以重读闭音节或加音节 结尾，词尾只有一个辅音 字母时双写词尾的辅音 字母再加-edstopf stopped admit-* admitted permit-* permitted prefer-* preferred2.一般过去时的用法表示过去
29、一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often, usually, seldom等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态， 与现在没有关系，yesterday, the other day, last week, the day before yesterday 等过去的时间状语连用。In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. 1931年，亚当斯成为第一个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。三、一般将来时2 . 一般将来时的构成由“shall/will +动词原
30、形”构成。其中shall用于第一人称,will用于一切人称。3 . 一般将来时的用法表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。常与表示将来的时间状语lomorrow, nexl year, in +一段时间等连用。“will +动 词原形”还可以表示说话者临时的决定。-What time is it?一一几点了？I have no idea.But just a minute, I will check it for you.我不知道。你稍等，我给你查查。4 .其他表示“将来”的结构及用法(1) “be going to+动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象
31、预示 着要发生某事。Look ! Dark clouds are gathering.lt is going to rain soon, I think.看！乌云正在聚集。我想快要下雨了。Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.无论是在家里还是在工作场所，在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越 普遍。(2) “be 1。+动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将 发生的动作。You are to
32、hand in your papers by 1() oclock.到10点你得交上试卷。(3) “beaboulto+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体 的将来时间状语连用。Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird.汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。易错提醒I如果表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，要用过去 将来时“would/should +动词原形”。该时态主要出现在间接引语中。I telephoned him yesterday to as
33、k what I would/should do next week.我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周要干什么。考点二进行时态题组试做单句语法填空1. (2020枣庄模拟)Engineers are setting(set) up over 15, 000 sensors (传感器)nationwide and wiring them into a web.2. At this time tomorrow we will be flying (fly) over the Atlantic Ocean.3. Shirley was writing (write) a book about China
34、 last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.4. (2020浙江湖州期末考试)Hurry up! Mr. Johnson is expecting(expect) you in his office.要点解读一、进行时的构成现在进行时由“am/is/arc+现在分词”构成；过去进行时由“was/were+现在 分词”构成；将来进行时由“will/shall+be+现在分词”构成。现在分词的变化规 则如下：变化规则例词一般情况在词尾直接加-ingask - asking以不发音的e结尾的 动词，去e再加-ingwrite-* wr
35、iting lake - taking face-* facing以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾 只有一个辅音字母，双写该 辅音字母再加-ingcut-cutting begin-* beginning swim - swimming以ie结尾的动词，变-ie为y再加-inglie 一 lying dief dying二、进行时的用法1 .现在进行时(1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作 不一定正在进行。一I hear you are working in a pub.Whafs it like?我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样？Well, its very hard
36、work and Im always tired, but I dont mind.哦，工作很辛苦，我也总是很累，不过我不介意。(2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用于go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, have, wear, run out 等z为词。Food supplies in the flood- stricken area are running out.We must act immediately before there* none left.洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前
37、马上行动。2 .过去进行时(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间 状语从句以及 at that time, at that moment, at this time yesterday, at ten oclock yesterday 等连用。He must have sensed that I was looking at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, u Why are you staring at me like that? ”他一定感觉到了我正在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼，轻声地说：“你为什么
38、那 样盯着我看？ ”(2)表示过去的两个动作中持续进行的一个，常与when, while引导的时间状 语从句连用。Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。3 .将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些表示将来 的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow, by then, from 1 ： 30 to 4： 30 tomorrow 等。Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoo
39、n because she will be teaching a class at that time.简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时间在授课。考点三完成时态题组试做单句语法填空1. Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I had left (leave) my book in the cafe.2. (2020滨州模拟)Either the beautiful sights of this modern city or its local custom has attracted(attract) thousands of
40、visitors during the past years.3. (2020浙江金华十校模拟)Doctors and scientists have learnedflearn) a great deal about sleep in the last thirty years.要点解读1一、完成时的构成现在完成时由“have/has +过去分词”构成；过去完成时由“had +过去分词”构成。二、完成时的用法1 .现在完成时(1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而对现在 仍有影响。常用的时间状语有：already, just, yet, never, before,
41、lately, recently, in Ihe last(past) few days/years, up to now, till now, so far 等。He has already received three similar invitations this week.本周他已经收到了三个相似的邀请。In the past few years thousands of films have been produced all over the world.在过去的几年里，全世界拍摄了数以千计的电影。(2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的 时间状
42、语：since+时间点；for+时间段等。I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me?一一我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？Sorry, I haven*t played the piano for years.一一抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。(3)在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时前己完成的动作。Will you come to my office when you have finished your work?你完成工作后到我办公室来一
43、下，好吗？2 .过去完成时(1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的 过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I hadnt seen for years.沿街走路时，我偶然遇见了戴维，我们己经有好几年没见了。(2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常 用的时间状语有：before(+从句)，by then, by that time, by the end of, by the time +从句等。He h
44、ad scarcely put the phone down before the doorbell rang.他刚放下电话，门铃就响了起来。(3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如 hope, want, expect, think, mean suppose, plan, intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。3 .常使用完成时的句型(1 )This/It/That is the
45、 first/.time+that sb.has/have done；This/It/That was the first/.time4-that sb.had done sth.这是某人第几次做某事It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake.那是他第三次犯同样的错误了。(2)It(This)is/was the+最高级+名词+ (that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。(3)It is/has beend段时间 + since sb.did；It was/had been + 一段时间 + since sb.had don
46、e sth.自从以来多久了(4)hardly(scarcely).when./no sooner.than.(一就)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。Hardly/No sooner had I got home vvhcn/than the rain poured down.我一到家，就下起了倾盆大雨。考点四完成进行时题组试做单句语法填空1. Since Zhangjiajie has been imDroving(impeove) its transportation and service for long, the city now can receive 36, 200 touri
47、sts per day.2. 一Tony, why are your eyes red?一I have been cutling(cul)uD peppers for the last five minutes.3. (2020湖北武汉高三调考)When Alice came to life, she did not know how long she had been lying(lie)there.要点解读一、完成进行时的构成完成进行时由 have/has been doing 或 had been doing 构成。二、完成进行时的用法（一）现在完成进行时1 .常用来表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的 动作。Im very tired.I have been checking the students* papers all the morning.我很累。我整个上午都